Observations on Damages at Buildings in the Rural Area due to the Basyurt-Karakocan (Elazig) Earthquake (Başyurt-Karakoçan (Elazığ) Depreminden Dolayı Oluşan Kırsal Bölge Binalarındaki Hasarların İrdelenmesi) (original) (raw)
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After Earthquake Damage and Behavior of Buildings in Gjilan Region
2012
Various types of structures were assessed after an earthquake that struck Gjilan on April 24 th 2002 with a purpose of identifying seismic deficien cies that might impact the general stability of the buildings located within the downtown City. The overall seismic performance goal identified by our team for these buildings is life safety. To achieve this goal, partial collapse of structure and/or of any cladding element that could result in a life safety concern should be prevented during a major earthquake. The largest issue identified is the unreinforced or inadequately reinforced brick masonry construction and those combined with skeletal, particularly buildings with soft ground stories all located along and at both sides of the main avenue. Based on our study, recommendations were given in whether saving some of the building would be feasible, since any attempt on this, especially for those constructed after the Second World War, would be costly. The newer one, (i.e. those constructed after the mid 1970's) should easily perform at a life safety level and meet the local performance goals). Earthquake forces are generated by the inertia of buildings as they tend to respond to ground motion. There are attempts by engineers to simply consider earthquakes as equivalent static forces and mitigating in this way the earthquake response. Such practices should be avoided as much as possible in the nowadays design practices.
Damage Assessment of Buildings in Adıyaman-Gölbaşı after Kahramanmaras Earthquakes (6 February 2023)
2022
According to the data of Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD), on 6 February 2023, at 4.17 and 13.24 (at Turkish time), earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.7 and 7.6 (Mw) occurred with epicentres in Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) and Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş), respectively. These earthquakes affected 11 provinces of Turkey and were recorded as the most destructive earthquakes in the last century. Adıyaman-Gölbaşı was also highly affected by these earthquakes, which caused loss of life and property, and numerous buildings were destroyed and damaged. In this study, the situation of Gölbaşı district of Adıyaman province after the earthquakes was discussed. The current situation in the city as of May has been documented. Damaged reinforced concrete structures were examined on-site in terms of structural irregularities, application methods and material properties and the causes of the damages were evaluated. It was determined that there were major damages especially in the settlement areas close to the lake. The results of the study clearly reveal that natural disasters that may occur are directly related not only to structural systems but also to ground conditions.
Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics
Two major earthquakes occurred on the Eastern Anatolian Fault Line (EAF) on February 6, 2023, with an interval of nine hours. These earthquakes, measuring Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6, were centered in the districts of Pazarcık and Elbistan in the province of Kahramanmaraş. They directly affected 11 provinces (Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Adıyaman, Osmaniye, Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, Malatya, Diyarbakır, Adana, Kilis, and Elazığ) in the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia, caused significant loss of life and property. This study aims to present the field investigation and performance evaluation of engineering structures in the mentioned cities. The types of damages occurring in the reinforced concrete (RC) and masonry buildings, historical and industrial structures, bridges, and mosques were given in detail. According to the data of the Ministry of Treasury and Finance of Türkiye, it has been reported that the cost of these earthquakes is approximately 103.6 billion dollars, which corresponds to nine perce...
Proceedings of 3rd International Civil Engineering and Architecture Congress (ICEARC’23), 2023
Purpose: The purpose of the study is making observation about the damages of historical buildings because of February 6th 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes, which affected eleven cities including Antakya, Hatay. Antakya has unique buildings from various civilizations as a reflection of its multicultural structure. This study presents the observations about the damages of historical buildings in Antakya, carried out immediately after the earthquakes. Study design/methodology/approach: In the study, the pre-earthquake conditions of damaged historical buildings were investigated and transformed into base data through literature reviews and information provided by residents and users. Then, the post-earthquake conditions were determined by site observation carried out in Antakya, and the collected information illustrated on the maps. Findings: There are hundreds of damaged cultural assets in Antakya. The damaged monuments consist of several type of buildings, such as 44 mosques, 15 churches/monasteries, 9 public buildings, 5 tombs, 3 baths, 3 bazaars/commerce centers, 3 castles, 2 caravanserais/ inns, 1 imaret, 1 synagogue and 1 bridge. The damage pattern of the monuments gives insight for the weaknesses of the structures. Originality/value: This study contains research, observation and preliminary result about the damages of the historical buildings in Antakya after the earthquakes. The documentation of many damaged historic buildings in the earthquake zone is quite crucial in respect the evaluation of damage reasons and further repairs. Keywords: Antakya; Earthquake; Damage Assessment; Historical Building; Cultural Heritage
The August 17, 1999, Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake — damage to structures
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2001
The 1975 Turkish code provisions are first reviewed to provide the background for design and detailing of structures prior to the earthquake. The performance of reinforced concrete and masonry structures is described indicating many of the deficiencies in design, detailing, and construction execution. The behaviour of precast concrete structures, steel structures, and industrial facilities is also presented. The provisions of the 1997 Turkish building code are summarized and a description of new construction provides evidence of both excellent and poor construction practice. Some examples of retrofitting of damaged structures soon after the earthquake are also presented.
Evaluation of the Condition of Antakya (Antioch) Urban Site after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake
Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications , 2024
Throughout history, many cultural heritage buildings worldwide have been severely damaged by earthquakes and even faced the risk of destruction. On February 6, 2023, two earthquakes with a magnitude of 7.7, centered in Pazarcık and 7.6 in Elbistan, occurred in Kahramanmaraş Province. This study examines the registered buildings in the Antakya urban conservation area after these earthquakes. Within the scope of the study, 250 registered buildings in the area were examined, and their post-earthquake conditions were determined. The city of Antakya is a unique city that has been home to many civilizations due to its location in the historical process it has undergone; it has been kneaded with various religious, ethnic, and cultural richness of these civilizations and reflects the cultural diversity and layeredness created by history. For this reason, it is thought that it is very important to determine the post-earthquake conditions of these buildings, which have an important place in the city's identity.
Observations on the building damages after 19 May 2011 Simav (Turkey) earthquake
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2013
An earthquake with a magnitude of 5.7 (M L ) has struck Simav, Kutahya located in the western part of Turkey on May 19, 2011. The ground motion caused observable damage within 25 km radius from the epicenter. Although the earthquake is moderate, its effects on the structures are serious. This paper presents the observations on seismic damages of reinforced concrete (RC) and masonry structures. Common reasons of damage in RC buildings are: low quality of concrete, detailing mistakes of reinforcement, short column, pounding, overhangs and misconstructed gable and outer infill wall parts. Interesting cases related to these deficiencies are reported. Damages in the masonry buildings are due to lack of connection between orthogonal walls and unsuitable location and dimension of openings. The damages at structures are more noticeable at regions with unfavorable soil conditions like plain regions or foothills. However, on stiffer soils at hilly sides, the damages seem to be more limited and masonry structures are observed to be less affected compared to the RC ones. The damages in RC buildings found to be increasing with story number for light damage states. However, for heavier damage states, 4-5 story buildings are observed to be the most damaged.
Experimental evaluation of buildings damaged in recent earthquakes in Turkey
Engineering Failure Analysis, 2005
In this study, concrete of many reinforced concrete buildings damaged during the 17th August 1999 _ Izmit Earthquake and 27th June 1998 Adana-Ceyhan earthquake has been investigated. Low concrete quality has been a major cause in the total collapse of minor or heavy damage in reinforced concrete buildings in the area affected by the earthquakes. Core specimens, which were extracted from the buildings which collapsed or were damaged during Adana-Ceyhan earthquake were tested for the compressive strength of concrete. In addition, further experiments were carried out on the sea sand, which had been left unused on the construction site of the collapsed buildings in Avcılar, _ Istanbul, for determining its effect on the compressive strength of concrete. In those buildings, in which sea sand was used, aside from low concrete strength, significant loss of cross-sectional areas of steel reinforcement bars caused by the corrosion due to the presence of excessive chlorine ions was observed. It is noticed that in addition to its yielding low compressive strength concrete, sea sand is more dangerous from the standpoint of reinforcement corrosion, which may result in failure of the structure in a period of 10 or 20 years even under static loads.
BUILDING, CONSTRUCTED REGIONS AND THE EARTHQUAKE IN KOCAELI
2007
The 1999 Kocaeli earthquake that shook Marmara Region, caused immense loss of life and property, damaged the social and economic structures of this country in a nearly irreparable way, and found its way into the earthquake chapter of history books. It was etched in the people's mind due to the fact that it was the biggest earthquake of the near past in terms of magnitude and it devastated a huge area, thousands of people and the second biggest industrial zone of this country; it was also the first earthquake that led the public to be aware of the phenomenon of earthquake, the authorities to consider scientific studies important, the public to question the relevant measures, and to a large-scale rebuilding process in the aftermath. This study focuses on impacts of earthquakes on buildings and settlements situated within the province of Kocaeli where population increased due to the industrial and urbanization developments that were started in the 1950s and where construction projects were intensively built to meet housing demands of ever-growing population, and evaluates the measures taken after the said.