Antibacterial effects of crude extract of Azadirachta indica against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp and Staphylococcus aureus (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 2019
Today’s pharmaceutical markets are crowded with antibacterial agents, yet their toxicities and resistance are always contentious. Azadirachta indica is used in India as an age-old treatment for diverse medical conditions. This study was put forth to analyze the antibacterial action of A. indica bark extract on different bacterial pathogens. Materials and Methods: A. indica bark extract was prepared using Soxhlet extraction method. The bark extract of A. indica was screened for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion assay technique against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis. Ciprofloxacin (5 μg per disc) was used as positive control. All assays were carried out under strict aseptic precautions. All the concentrations included were duplicated, and the results obtained were the average of two independent experiments. Broth microdilution method was used to study the minimum inhibitory concentration of the bark extract of A. indica. Results: A. indica bark extract has shown antibacterial activity against all concentrations of bark extract, whereas antibacterial activity against S. aureus was observed at higher concentration of >500 μg/mL. The bark extract of A. indica showed zone of clearance against E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, and P. mirabilis at all concentrations. Zone of inhibition was observed in higher concentrations against S. aureus. Conclusion: This study has shown that A. indica bark extract has a potent antibacterial property against S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, and P. mirabilis. Further isolation of bioactive compounds may lead to a new scope in the treatment of bacterial infections.
Antibacterial Activities of Azadirachta Indica against Some Bacterial Pathogens
Advances in Life Sciences, 2012
The antibacterial effect of Azadirachta indica against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella ozanae, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was determined using the agar cup plate technique. The phytochemical components of A. indica showed the presence of saponin and phlobatanin and the absence of alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, glycosides, flavonoids and triterpenes. The result showed that the test organisms were susceptible to 500mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 5mg/ml of the plant extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The result showed that the MIC and MBC were 5mg and 50mg respectively for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Kl. ozanae, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The result of the study suggests that extracts of A. indica could be suitable for the treatment of various infections caused by P. aeruginosa, K. ozanae, S. aureus and E. coli.
The present study was carried out to screen and evaluate antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Petroleum ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extract of leaves of A. indica were tested against selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial species. Phytochemical leaf extracts of A. indica exhibited significant anti-bacterial activity against all the test microorganisms. However, inhibitory activities of the leaf extracts were both organism and solvent dependent. The leaf extracts limited the growth of both Gram-positive and
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2017
Herbal medications have been used for relief of symptoms of disease. Regardless of the great advances observed in current medicine in recent decades, plants still make a significant contribution to health care. An alarming increase in bacterial strains resistant to a number of antimicrobial agents demands that a renewed effort be made to seek antibacterial agents effective against pathogenic bacteria resistant to or less sensitive to current antibiotics. Anti-bacterial activity of Azadirachta indica stem bark was tested against pathogenic Salmonella paratyphi and Salmonella typhi using various solvent extracts. The in vitro anti-bacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion method and the results were expressed as the average diameter of zone of inhibition of bacterial growth around the well. The ethanol and methanol extracts showed better anti-bacterial activity with zone of inhibition (20-25 mm) when compared with other tested extracts and standard antibiotic Erythromycin (15 mcg) with zone of inhibition (13-14 mm). Using Fisher's exact test of significance difference was found between two Salmonella strains sensitivity patterns against tested extracts (P 6 0.035). Extracts of A. indica stem bark also exhibited significant antioxidant activity, thus establishing the extracts as an antioxidant. The results obtained in this study give some scientific support to the A. indica stem bark for further investigation of compounds and in future could be used as drug.
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Potential of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extracts
The current investigation was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) commonly known as neem against some gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas florescence) bacteria by disc diffusion method. Phytochemical studies show the presence of saponins, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, coumarins and alkaloids. Ethanol extracts (50 mg/mL) exhibited the highest activity 12, 20, mm zone of inhibition [s. aureus and E. coli], Petroleum-ether extracts (or control) exhibit the least activity.
The Antimicrobial Efficacy and Phytochemical Analysis of the Stem Bark of Azadirachta indica (Neem)
Abstract Keystone symposium , 2019
Plants have been a source of herbal remedy throughout the history of mankind. Worldwide, various medicinal plants are used to treat ailments and diseases. Azadirachta indica (Neem) is used in traditional medicine as a source of many therapeutic agents in the Chinese and African cultures. The anti-microbial efficacy of the stem back of Azadirachta indica was evaluated using its solvent extracts. The solvents used were Petroleum ether (PE), Hexane (HE), Methanol (ME), Water. Four different bacterial isolates and one fungal isolate were used in the study. The bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The fungal isolate was Candida tropicalis. Antibiotic sensitivity of the bacterial isolates was tested using standard Gram positive and Gram negative antibiotic sensitivity discs. Agar well diffusion technique was used in investigating the efficacy of the solvent extracts of the stem bark of Azadirachta indica. It was observed that the Petroleum ether (PE), Ethanol (EE) and Hexane (HE) extracts of the stem bark of Azadirachta indica were effective on Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida tropicalis at undiluted concentration (100%) and diluted concentrations (133.3mg/ml and 100mg/ml). None of the solvent extracts used in concentration (100%) and diluted concentrations (133.3mg/ml and 100mg/ml). None of the solvent extracts used in this investigation was effective on Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli was susceptible to the actions of ofloxacin, gentamicin and nitrofurantoin. Klebsiella pneumonia was susceptible to the actions of ofloxacin. Phytochemical analysis of the stem bark of Azadirachta indica showed the presence of alkaloids, steroids and anthraquinones.
BP International, 2024
With the increasing rate of antibiotic/multidrug resistance and the growing demand for plant-based therapies, Azadirachta indica (neem) emerges as one of the leading medicinal plants due to its wide range of compounds with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. This study analysed the A. indica leaf methanol extract for its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria using the agar diffusion assay with methanol extracts of varying concentrations (5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%) initially for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Later, methanol extracts with concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% were used for S. aureus and E. coli. Gentamicin was used as a positive control. The results indicated the antibacterial activity of the A. indica leaf methanol extract against all three bacteria, irrespective of the concentration used. However, compared to gentamicin, the antibacterial activity of A. indica was relatively lower. These findings indicate the potential of A. indica as a plant-based antibacterial agent, offering an alternative or complementary treatment strategy to combat antibiotic/multidrug resistance. Further clinical studies/trials on the leaf extract are required to ensure its safety for human use.
2015
In India, the burden of infectious diseases is enormous. Though significant improvements in socioeconomic status have been done since independence, infectious diseases still contribute to 30% of disease burden in India.Many number of medicinal plants, traditionally used for over 1000 years are present in herbal preparations of Indian traditional health care systems. Azardichta indica A. Juss. And Vitex negundo Linn. are medicinal trees native to the Indian subcontinent credited with the ability to cure infection. The antibacterial efficacy of the crude leaf extracts of the two medicinal trees were studied with various pathogenic bacteria. The extracts which showed the highest activity were analysed and the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined. The leaf extracts of Azardichta indica exhibited maximum inhibition when compared to Vitex negundo extracts at a concentration of 100mg/ml.Thus, the leaf extracts of these medicinal trees can be effectively used for the treatment of infectious diseases.
Effect of AZADIRACHTA INDICA (Neem) leave extract on Some Selected Bacteria
Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal, 2021
Azadirachta indica (Neem) is an herbal plant widely distributed in our subcontinent during all seasons. This study was carried out to detect the effect of Azadirachta indica (Neem) leave extract on some selected bacteria. The prospective study was carried out during the period of July 2005 to June 2006. Micro-organisms which are commonly responsible for infection in our country such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were considered. Extract of Neem leave that is Aqueous Neem leave extract (ANLE) was prepared by filtration and evaporation. Effect against bacteria was examined by detection of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by using ‘Broth dilution method’ and by detection of bacterial susceptibility by ‘Agar disc diffusion method’ and compare with cefepime. For ANLE the MICs against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia Coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 800 μg/ml, 1200 μg/ml, 1400 μg/ml and 1400 μg/ml respe...