Occurrence and geographical distribution of cyst nematodes in cereals and grassland in the Slovak Republic (original) (raw)
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Incidence of Cereal Cyst Nematodes (Heterodera avenae type B
2016
Abstract: A survey of cereal fields of Khuzestan province during 2008-2011 revealed that cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) are widely distributed in this region. The CCNs were present in 37 and 35 % of the 200 samples collected from wheat and barley fields respectively. The species were identified as Heterodera avenae type B and H. filipjevi the morphological and morphometric identifications of which were confirmed by rRNA-ITS RFLP. Population density of CCNs ranged from 2 to 103 cysts (mean 18)/100 g of dried soil with an average of 395 (0-3400) J2 and eggs in wheat samples. Whilst the number of cysts in barley samples were counted 3-71 cysts (mean 11) /100 g soil, the J2 and eggs averaged 166 (0-900). The lowest and the highest rates of infestation (8 and 83%) were observed in the regions of Ahvaz and Behbahan respectively. The number of J2 and eggs of CCNs in some regions were greater than the damage threshold level considered for CCNs and it is likely they could cause economic yield ...
Incidence of Cereal Cyst Nematodes (Heterodera avenae type B and H. filipjevi) in southwestern Iran
A survey on cereal fields of Khuzestan province during 2008-2011 revealed that cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) are widely distributed in this region. The CCNs were present in 37 and 35% of the 200 samples collected from wheat and barley fields respectively. The species were identified as Heterodera avenae type B and H. filipjevi which the morphological and morphometric identification were confirmed by rRNA-ITS RFLP. Population density of CCNs ranged from 2 to 103 cysts (mean 18)/100 g of dried soil with an average of 395 (0-3400) J2 and eggs in wheat samples. Whilst the number of cysts in barley samples were counted 3-71 cysts (mean 11) /100 g soil, the J2 and eggs averaged 166 (0-900). The lowest and the highest rate of infestation were observed in the regions of Ahvaz and Behbahan with 8 and 83 % respectively. The number of J2 and eggs of CCNs in some regions were greater than damage threshold level considered for the CCNs and it is likely they could cause economic yield loss in thes...
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 2015
Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) are important plant-parasitic nematodes of wheat and barley, and exist in most of the cereal growing regions of the world. As there is limited information on the nature and distribution of CCN species in Syria, a survey was conducted in northeastern Syria to assess the distribution of CCN in the main wheat and barley growing areas. In the summer of 2009, a total of 167 composite soil samples were collected from 167 wheat and barley fields. Cysts were extracted from soil using the Fenwick can technique, then quantified and identified up to the species level by using both morphological and molecular methods. The study revealed that 62% of the fields were infested with the three Heterodera species: H. avenae, H. filipjevi and H. latipons. However, the most prevalent species was H. latipons, which was present in 76% of the infested samples, while it occurred alone in 67% of those samples. Heterodera avenae was detected singly in 20% of the samples, while 11% consisted of mixed populations with other species. Heterodera filipjevi was never detected alone; it was found mixed with H. avenae and/or H. latipons in 9% of the samples. The high number of extracted cysts (up to 116 cysts × 200 g-1 of soil) is most likely related to the monoculture practiced in that region and the fact that growers are unaware of the existence of resistant varieties.
Plant-parasitic nematodes on cereals in northern Kazakhstan
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 2020
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are considered serious damaging on the global cereals production systems. The current study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of PPNs in the main cereal-growing areas in northern Kazakhstan. PPNs were detected in about 90% of 78 soil samples and thirteen genera were identified, including Pratylenchus, Heterodera, Geocenamus, Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Rotylenchus, Pratylenchoides, and Tylenchorhynchus. Out of the 78 samples, 32 samples were found infested by Heterodera filipjevi based on the morphological and molecular analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report on this cereal cyst nematode species in northern Kazakhstan. During the morphological and molecular assays, intraspecific polymorphism was observed within H. filipjevi populations and the populations divided into at least two groups. The highest frequency of infestation of H. filipjevi (76%) was recorded from Kokshetau Province when compared to other provinces: Astana (50%), Petropavl (37%), and Kostanay (16%). The highest number of cysts (30.4) was found among Astana samples while the lowest number of cysts (18.2) was recorded from Kostanay samples. Cyst nematodes can maintain their population above the economic threshold as stimulated by the cereal monoculture system (mainly wheat) which is similar to the cereal production systems of northern Kazakhstan.
Two assays were carried out in Badjgah, Fars province, the south of Iran, with the purpose of establishing the development time of Heterodera filipjevi life cycle phases in wheat roots and also to study the effect of the certain cereals including bread wheat, durum wheat, barley, corn and millet on the nematode population densities. Results of field microplots showed that hatching of eggs was occurred at 2-6 °C. The second stage juveniles (J2) were observed in the roots within periods with 13 °C average temperature and with no precipitation. Juveniles (J3) and (J4) were appeared within the roots at 110 and 120 days after penetration, respectively. The white females adhered to the roots and males in soil were found 7 and 14 days later, respectively. Cyst formation occurred about two months after observing white females; In short, the process of H. filipjevi development was completed during 197 days. Results of greenhouse assay showed that the studied nematode species reproduced best ...
The occurrence of cyst nematodes in agricultural fields of Southern Manitoba
Nematology, 2023
In southern Manitoba, Canada, a survey was carried out in 2012 and 2013 to determine the presence of Heteroderidae cyst-forming plant-parasitic nematodes, with a focus on the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines). A total of 48 fields having grown soybean were sampled. A modified Fenwick elutriation-flotation technique was used to extract cysts with a 75% cyst recovery efficiency. Cyst population density averaged 0.9 cysts kg −1 soil, with a total of 65 cysts recovered. Preliminary screening of cysts, based on general body shape and vulval cone top structure, showed the presence of cysts belong to circumfenestrate, and ambifenestrate groups of cyst-forming nematodes. Limited morphological data was accessible due to poor quality or insufficient cysts for analysis; however, generated DNA sequences for nuclear rDNA ITS and D2-D3 expansion region of the 28S rRNA were obtained for four samples and matched sequences in GenBank for the cyst nematodes Cactodera milleri, C. torreyanae, C. weissi, C. estonica and unknown Cactodera species. Only one of the ambifenestrate cysts with a cone top structure of Heterodera species yielded DNA for analysis and its identification was ambiguous for soybean cyst nematode (SCN). None of the cysts were positive through SCN diagnostic PCR. Cactodera is not a pest of soybean or other crops in Manitoba. These cyst nematodes are likely to be naturally associated with weeds and grasses in the sampled fields or may be introduced from neighbouring states of the USA. Further annual surveys are needed and recommended in the near future to encompass more soybean fields and corroborate the absence of the pest.
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology
Cereal cyst nematodes are one of the most important soil-borne pathogens of cereals throughout the world. This group of nematodes is considered the most economically damaging pathogens of wheat and barley in Iran. In the present study, a series experiments were conducted during 2007-2010 to determine the distribution and population density of cereal cyst nematodes and to examine the biology of Heterodera latipons in the winter wheat cv. Sardari in a microplot under rain-fed conditions over two successive years in Markazi province in central Iran. Results of field survey showed that 40% of the fields were infested with at least one species of either Heterodera filipjevi or H. latipons. H. filipjevi was most prevalent in Farmahin, Tafresh and Khomein, with H. latipons being found in Khomein and Zarandieh regions. Female nematodes were also observed in Bromus tectarum, Hordeum disticum and Secale cereale, which are new host records for H. filipjevi. Also, H. filipjevi and H. latipons w...
2015
Mikhail V. Pridannikov , Tatiana P. Suprunova, Daria V. Shumilina, Lyudmila A. Limantseva, Andrea M. Skantar, Zafar A. Handoo and David J. Chitwood 1Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Institute Street 5, 143050, Bolshie Vyazyomy, Moscow Region, Russia 2Centre of Parasitology, A.N. Severtsov Institute Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia 3Laboratory of Biotechnology, Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production, Selektsionnaya Street 14, 127434, VNIISSOK, Moscow Region, Russia 4Nematology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 20705, Beltsville, MD, USA e-mail: Mikhail.Pridannikov@yahoo.com
Nematology, 2012
The distribution of important plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes in the cereal production areas of the Central Anatolian Plateau (CAP) of Turkey was investigated with systematic surveys. Two important plant-parasitic nematode groups were found widely distributed; cereal-cyst nematodes (78.3%) and root-lesion nematodes (42.6%). Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) were identified as Heterodera filipjevi in 18 provinces. Heterodera latipons was found in only one province. Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus were the most widely distributed species of root-lesion nematodes. Other frequently recorded plant-parasitic nematodes belonged to the genera Geocenamus (52.4%), Pratylenchoides (35.6%), Helicotylenchus (29.7%) and Paratylenchus (19.2%). Konya on the southern CAP had a significantly high incidence of P. neglectus as well as free-living nematodes. The incidence of CCN was greatest in areas of sandy soils on the CAP, with densities of up to 95 cysts (100 g soil)−1. Population densiti...
Phytophagous nematodes in cereal fields in Niğde Province, Turkey
Turkish Journal of Entomology
This study evaluated the occurrence and incidence of phytophagous nematodes and identified the cereal cyst nematode species by morphological and molecular tools in the main cereal-growing areas in Niğde in 2018-2019. Phytophagous nematodes within twelve genera were detected in 95% of soil samples. The most common phytophagous nematodes in cereal soil were in the genera Heterodera, Ditylenchus, Merlinius, Pratylenchus, Aphelenchus, Aphelenchoides, Tylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Trophurus, Pratylenchoides, Filenchus and Xiphinema (in decreasing order of incidence). In particular, 75% of the soil samples from surveyed fields were infested with the cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.). Morphological characteristics of cysts and second-stage juveniles were calculated within the expected ranges for Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter, 1984, however, two populations from Çamardı was determined as Heterodera latipons Franklin, 1969 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae). Intraspecific variation was not observed within the populations of H. filipjevi which could be in the same genotypic group. In addition to the high incidence of these Heterodera spp., intensive cereal cropping systems with/without non-cereal rotations in wheat production areas of Niğde also resulted in high incidence of root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus species.