Distribution, frequency and occurrence of cereal nematodes on the Central Anatolian Plateau in Turkey and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties (original) (raw)
Related papers
Phytophagous nematodes in cereal fields in Niğde Province, Turkey
Turkish Journal of Entomology
This study evaluated the occurrence and incidence of phytophagous nematodes and identified the cereal cyst nematode species by morphological and molecular tools in the main cereal-growing areas in Niğde in 2018-2019. Phytophagous nematodes within twelve genera were detected in 95% of soil samples. The most common phytophagous nematodes in cereal soil were in the genera Heterodera, Ditylenchus, Merlinius, Pratylenchus, Aphelenchus, Aphelenchoides, Tylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Trophurus, Pratylenchoides, Filenchus and Xiphinema (in decreasing order of incidence). In particular, 75% of the soil samples from surveyed fields were infested with the cereal cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.). Morphological characteristics of cysts and second-stage juveniles were calculated within the expected ranges for Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter, 1984, however, two populations from Çamardı was determined as Heterodera latipons Franklin, 1969 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae). Intraspecific variation was not observed within the populations of H. filipjevi which could be in the same genotypic group. In addition to the high incidence of these Heterodera spp., intensive cereal cropping systems with/without non-cereal rotations in wheat production areas of Niğde also resulted in high incidence of root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus species.
Helminthologia, 2008
A study of occurrence and geographical distribution of cyst-forming nematodes in monocultural cereal fields and multispecies grassland vegetation in Slovak Republic revealed the presence of two species of Heterodera: H. avenae and H. schachtii. The frequency of occurrence of H. avenae was 37.8 % in cereal fields and 3.3 % in grassland. Cysts of H. schachtii were found only in cereal fields along with cysts of H. avenae, in the western part of country. The occurrence of other graminaceous cyst nematode species was not recorded.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 2015
Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) are important plant-parasitic nematodes of wheat and barley, and exist in most of the cereal growing regions of the world. As there is limited information on the nature and distribution of CCN species in Syria, a survey was conducted in northeastern Syria to assess the distribution of CCN in the main wheat and barley growing areas. In the summer of 2009, a total of 167 composite soil samples were collected from 167 wheat and barley fields. Cysts were extracted from soil using the Fenwick can technique, then quantified and identified up to the species level by using both morphological and molecular methods. The study revealed that 62% of the fields were infested with the three Heterodera species: H. avenae, H. filipjevi and H. latipons. However, the most prevalent species was H. latipons, which was present in 76% of the infested samples, while it occurred alone in 67% of those samples. Heterodera avenae was detected singly in 20% of the samples, while 11% consisted of mixed populations with other species. Heterodera filipjevi was never detected alone; it was found mixed with H. avenae and/or H. latipons in 9% of the samples. The high number of extracted cysts (up to 116 cysts × 200 g-1 of soil) is most likely related to the monoculture practiced in that region and the fact that growers are unaware of the existence of resistant varieties.
Turkish Journal of Entomology, 2015
The distribution of plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes on onion rhizospheres and plant material and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties was investigated in Karaman province. Plant and soil samples totalling 100 were collected from onion fields during July, 2012. Nematode population density per three plants and 100 g of dry soil were determined for each sample. Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) was found in 15% of plants and 61% of soil samples. Nematode numbers ranged between 0 and 140 (mean: 5) nematodes/three plants and 0-165 (mean: 33) nematodes/100 g dry soil. Other abundant plant-parasitic nematode genera were Paratylenchus (Micoletzky 1922) (Tylenchida: Paratylenchidae) (56%) and Tylenchus (Bastian 1865) (Tylenchida: Tylenchidae) (49%). The most abundant free-living nematodes were bacterivorous nematodes, which were found in 98% of samples, and were dominated by the Cephalobus (Bastian 1863) (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) and Eucephalobus (Steiner 1936) (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) genera. The majority of soil samples (68%) contained fungivorous nematodes belonging to the Aphelenchus (Bastian 1865) (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchidae) and Aphelenchoides (Fischer 1894) (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae) genera. Omnivorous nematodes in the Dorilaimida order were found in 23% of soil samples. The distribution of plant-and bacterial-feeding nematodes were negatively related to the soil silt content and positively related to the soil sand content. Hyphal-feeding nematodes were negatively related to soil organic matter.
Investigations on soil nematode diversity in three contrasting habitat types in Bolu, Turkey
Turkish Journal of Entomology, 2021
The study investigated nematode diversity in three contrasting habitat types around the Yeniçağa Lake, Bolu Province, Turkey, in 2019 and 2020. The Shannon-Wiener index was used to evaluate nematode diversity in different taxonomic categories (order, family and genus level), trophic group and colonizer-persister (c-p) group in grassland, cropland and peatland in two locations, Hamzabey and Adaköy, in the Yeniçağa Lake Reserve. The results revealed that there was statistically significant variation in the composition of nematode fauna between the study sites by the assessments of the higher taxa whereas genus level and family level lower taxa did not differentiate such variation in Hamzabey and Adaköy. In addition, the variation in nematode diversity in relation to soil types were better reflected by assessing the trophic group structures rather than the c-p groups. The findings indicated that the diversity at higher taxa might serve as a better indicator than the diversity of lower taxa (family and genera) variation among the habitat types of the study areas.
Turkish journal of entomology, 2013
Turkey is ranked among top ten wheat producing countries in the world. Cereal cyst nematodes are considered one of the most damaging plant parasitic nematodes on wheat worldwide. Up to date, the most effective method of controlling this group of nematodes is the use of crop rotation and resistant varieties. The successful development of disease-resistant plants is contingent on knowledge of the pathotypes of the causal agent. In this study, three populations of Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter were collected from different locations (Afsin, Elbistan and Yozgat) in Turkey in order to identify their pathotype using “The International Test Assortment of Cereal Cultivars”. The results showed that two populations gave a similar reaction to the resistant and susceptible varieties. These populations were determined as Ha 33 pathotype which is a new report for Turkey.
Turkish journal of entomology, 2012
Summary The Heterodera avenae group includes 12 species feeding on roots of cereals. Three species, Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, 1924, Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov, 1981) Stelter, 1984 and Heterodera latipons Franklin, 1969 are among the most economically important cyst nematode pests of cereals cultivated in different parts of Turkey. In this study, forty seven cereal cyst nematode isolates collected from cereal growing areas of the South
Incidence of Cereal Cyst Nematodes (Heterodera avenae type B
2016
Abstract: A survey of cereal fields of Khuzestan province during 2008-2011 revealed that cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) are widely distributed in this region. The CCNs were present in 37 and 35 % of the 200 samples collected from wheat and barley fields respectively. The species were identified as Heterodera avenae type B and H. filipjevi the morphological and morphometric identifications of which were confirmed by rRNA-ITS RFLP. Population density of CCNs ranged from 2 to 103 cysts (mean 18)/100 g of dried soil with an average of 395 (0-3400) J2 and eggs in wheat samples. Whilst the number of cysts in barley samples were counted 3-71 cysts (mean 11) /100 g soil, the J2 and eggs averaged 166 (0-900). The lowest and the highest rates of infestation (8 and 83%) were observed in the regions of Ahvaz and Behbahan respectively. The number of J2 and eggs of CCNs in some regions were greater than the damage threshold level considered for CCNs and it is likely they could cause economic yield ...
Incidence of Cereal Cyst Nematodes (Heterodera avenae type B and H. filipjevi) in southwestern Iran
A survey on cereal fields of Khuzestan province during 2008-2011 revealed that cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) are widely distributed in this region. The CCNs were present in 37 and 35% of the 200 samples collected from wheat and barley fields respectively. The species were identified as Heterodera avenae type B and H. filipjevi which the morphological and morphometric identification were confirmed by rRNA-ITS RFLP. Population density of CCNs ranged from 2 to 103 cysts (mean 18)/100 g of dried soil with an average of 395 (0-3400) J2 and eggs in wheat samples. Whilst the number of cysts in barley samples were counted 3-71 cysts (mean 11) /100 g soil, the J2 and eggs averaged 166 (0-900). The lowest and the highest rate of infestation were observed in the regions of Ahvaz and Behbahan with 8 and 83 % respectively. The number of J2 and eggs of CCNs in some regions were greater than damage threshold level considered for the CCNs and it is likely they could cause economic yield loss in thes...