Mapping of Local Climate Zones in two neighboring Central-European city located in similar geographical environments (original) (raw)
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ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
In the light of climate change and burgeoning urbanization, heat loads in urban areas have emerged as serious issues, affecting the well-being of the population and the environment. In response to a pressing need for more standardised and communicable research into urban climate, the concept of local climate zones (LCZs) has been created. This concept aims to define the morphological types of (urban) surface with respect to the formation of local climatic conditions, largely thermal. This systematic review paper analyses studies that have applied the concept of LCZs to European urban areas. The methodology utilized pre-determined keywords and five steps of literature selection. A total of 91 studies were found eligible for analysis. The results show that the concept of LCZs has been increasingly employed and become well established in European urban climate research. Dozens of measurements, satellite observations, and modelling outcomes have demonstrated the characteristic thermal r...
International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics
The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is characterised by higher temperatures in cities than in rural surroundings. This phenomenon leads to increased health risks in urban dwellers, particularly in the context of global climate change. It is essential to consider its spatial variability to propose efficient UHI mitigation strategies. The Local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme is a climate-based classification that can accurately capture UHI intensities according to the urban area characteristics. In this study, an LCZ classification has been established for the city of Strasbourg by using a vector-based method that relies on a large vector database composed of land cover and cadastral parcels data. LCZ polygons are digitized from cadastral maps, then the different LCZ parameters are calculated for each of them. Six of the ten LCZ parameters proposed in the literature have been obtained. New criteria have been added to improve the classification, i.e. a vegetation parameter (VgSF) and a compa...
Local Climate Zones to Identify Surface Urban Heat Islands: A Systematic Review
Remote Sensing
The Land Surface Temperature (LST) obtained by remote sensing data is an essential indicator for analyzing the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI). A factor contributing to its occurrence is the reflections of the different materials in urban and rural areas, which significantly affect the energy balance near the surface. Therefore, recent studies have increasingly used the Local Climate Zones (LCZs) classification system to discriminate those urban areas. Therefore, our study aims to perform a systematic review using the PRISMA method of LCZ classification applied to understand the LST and the SUHI phenomenon. At first, 10,403 related articles were found in the scientific literature which, after passing through filtering stages, resulted in 51 that were further analyzed. Our results showed that these articles were very recent, beginning in 2016, and present an increasing trend. Even though all articles reviewed somehow try to understand the Urban Heat Island phenomenon, in more than h...
Conventional approach in the investigation of urban climate of Novi Sad has been done through simple urban-rural air temperature differences. These inter-urban air temperature differences showed how much is city warmer than its surroundings, so-called urban heat island (UHI) effect. Temperature differences exist inside the city as well. To get to know the intensity of these intra-urban temperature differences, installation of meteorological stations in different parts of the city or mobile measurements are needed. In 2012 started IPA HUSRB project made by Department of Climatology and Landscape Ecology (University of Szeged) and Faculty of Sciences (University of Novi Sad). The main goal of this project is the development and installation of wireless urban meteorological network (temperature and relative humidity sensors) in Szeged and Novi Sad. Before the deployment of sensors, necessary metadata about each potential urban meteorological station site needs to be collected. Field work, collected metadata and Stewart and Oke climate-based classification system from 2012 were used for defining the potential urban meteorological stations sites on the territory of the city of Novi Sad (Serbia) and its surroundings.
Land
This contribution deals with the use of data obtained from Landsat 8 satellite imaging to identify surface temperature variability in the example of the city of Bratislava, with an emphasis on identifying hotspots outside the built-up area, for example, on agricultural land—locations which are part of the European Network of Protected Areas. Surface temperature variability is presented in two time periods, on the daytime image taken on 26 July 2021 and on the nighttime image from 28 June 2021. Surface temperature is projected in a profile cut of the area. It vertically illustrates the temperatures of individual types of surfaces. Surfaces are classified by Urban Atlas classes. Areas reflecting the spatial distribution of the residential development in the city of Bratislava have been identified by satellite images in the studied area, and they represent a phenomenon of the urban heat island. Such areas were also identified outside the built-up area, in agricultural areas. The result...
Local Climate Zones and Annual Surface Thermal Response in a Mediterranean City
— Beirut, a densely populated city along the Mediterranean coastline, has been witnessing temperature records well above thermal comfort levels especially during the past decade. The significant effect of existing urbanised materials on these rising urban temperatures has been verified through the previous modeling of the urban heat island phenomenon (UHI) of the city using the Town Energy Balance model (TEB). The predominantly dense mix of midrise buildings spread across the city with few trees has also been confirmed by previous local climatic zoning classification. The first aim of this paper was to compare different input data used for the classifications. Two Landsat 8 scenes (optical and thermal, acquired in 2013 and 2014) as well as one Sentinel-1, and one Sentinel-2 scene (both acquired in 2015) were tested as input data. The best results were achieved with both optical sensors, while thermal and SAR data alone did not perform as well. Secondly, the transferability of training area between Beirut and Damascus city was tested. It was found that the diverse biophysical and climatic backgrounds make this difficult resulting in poor accuracies. Finally, long-term surface temperature characteristics from thermal remote sensing images were compared to the LCZ classifications. Although the surface heat island effects could be seen in annual cycle parameters, the patterns were dominated by land cover and topo-climatic effects due to the high vertical extent of the region of interest.
Mapping of thermal-bioclimate in a city with complex topography – the example of Stuttgart, Germany
Urban areas with their artificial materials and specific morphology act as an obstacle to the atmosphere, altering their energy-balance, the chemical composition as well as the wind field. Four urban measurement stations and one rural measurement station are used to quantify the temporal and spatial climatic characteristics in Stuttgart, Germany. Furthermore, a measurement campaign on 21 st – 23 rd August 2013 of the German National Weather Service (DWD) in Stuttgart was used as a basic data set. The thermal index Physiologically Equivalent Temperature following the concept of an equivalent temperature is applied in this study to quantify the integral effect of air temperature, air humidity, wind and radiation fluxes, expressed as mean radiant temperature. Urban planners work preferably with maps in specific spatial resolution and these maps are in demand. In order to fulfill this demand, different techniques for the creation can be applied including factors influencing micro-and me...
Mapping Local Climate Zones for a Worldwide Database of the Form and Function of Cities
Progress in urban climate science is severely restricted by the lack of useful information that describes aspects of the form and function of cities at a detailed spatial resolution. To overcome this shortcoming we are initiating an international effort to develop the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT) to gather and disseminate this information in a consistent manner for urban areas worldwide. The first step in developing WUDAPT is a description of cities based on the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme, which classifies natural and urban landscapes into categories based on climate-relevant surface properties. This methodology provides a culturally-neutral framework for collecting OPEN ACCESS ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2015, 4 200
During the simulation of the urban heat island phenomenon, the accurate representation of urban geometry in numerical models is crucial. In this study, the local climate zone (LCZ) system was incorporated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in order to facilitate proper land surface information for the model integrations. After the calculation of necessary input canopy parameters, based on local static datasets, simulations were performed to test the model's performance in predicting nearsurface air temperature (T a ) and urban heat island intensity (ΔT) under a heatwave period in July 2017. The modelled values were evaluated against the observations of the local urban climate monitoring system. The results suggest that WRF with a single-layer canopy scheme and the LCZ-based static database was able to capture the spatiotemporal variation of the aforementioned variables reasonably well. The daytime T a was generally overestimated in each LCZ. At nights, slight overestimations (underestimations) occurred in LCZ 6, LCZ 9, and LCZ D (LCZ 2 and LCZ 5). The mean ΔT was underestimated in the night-time; however, the daytime ΔT was estimated accurately. The mean maxima (minima) of ΔT were underestimated (overestimated) with around 1.5-2°C, particularly in LCZ 2 and LCZ 5. Some components of the surface energy budget were also computed to shed light on the inter-LCZ differences of T a . It was concluded that the nocturnal ground heat flux was about five times higher in urban LCZs than in the rural LCZ D, which resulted in a reduced cooling potential over the urbanized areas.