Production of Primary Biomolecules in Different Varieties of Oriental Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) (original) (raw)
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Grasas y Aceites, 2021
The nicotine, reducing sugar and ion contents from the threshing of tobacco can re-used from the industry. The crude oil and fatty oil compositions of tobacco seeds can be considered as an alternative source of raw material for biodiesel. In this study, the nicotine, reducing sugar content, crude oil, fatty acid composition and ion content were determined in 29 genotypes and 1 cultivar of tobacco. The genetic diversity was determined among the tobacco cultivar and genotypes base on examined properties. The nicotine content varied between 0.10-0.87%, reducing sugar ranged from 9.70-21.30%, crude oil varied between 24.33-47.00% and fatty acid compositions was found in the range of 77.94-100%. Linoleic (13.92-75.04%) and butyric (0.33-64.98%) acids were the major components. Overall, the BSR-5 (52.56 mg/g) and ESR-5 (44.58 mg/g) genotypes exhibited the highest potassium contents and ESR-7 (6.54 mg/g) and ESR-8 (1.28 mg/g) genotypes had the lowest chlorine contents. As a result of this ...
Physical Properties of Non-Fermented and Fermented Tobacco of Burley Varieties and Lines
Agriculture Journal IJOEAR, 2021
The physical properties of the raw material are an objective indicator of the quality of the tobacco leaves and a reflection of their structure. They are very closely related to the structure and the content of the organic matter in the leaf. The selection of the variety, the applied agricultural techniques, the environmental conditions during the vegetation period, the leaf position, the technological maturity, as well as the conditions during drying, are important factors that have a strong impact on the formation of the physical and technological properties of the tobacco raw material. The tests included 4 varieties and 2 lines, namely: L-8 (control variety, Zimbabwe), Kentucky-22 (USA), B-963 (Bulgaria) and B-1246 (Bulgaria), all in fertile form, as well as the male sterile hybrid lines B-204/15 CMS F 1 and B-206 A/15 CMS F 1. The test was planted in 4 repetitions with a planting density of 90×50 cm according to the Randomized Block System method. After the evaluation of the tobacco according to the current Rulebook for qualitative evaluation of raw tobacco, we separated tobacco material from the middle belt, in order to get an insight into the differences of the physical properties from the examined varieties and lines in the non-fermented and fermented tobacco. The percentage portion of the main (mid) rib, the thickness of the leaves, and the materiality of the leaves, are important physical indicators of the quality of the raw material, and from the obtained results we can point out the line B-206 A/15 CMS F 1 , where the average content of the main rib of the nonfermented tobacco leaf is within the limits of 26.82%, in the line B-206 A/15 CMS F 1 there is up to 25.13% portion of the main rib of the fermented leafs. The leaf portion in the newly obtained line is within the range from 73.18% (non-fermented tobacco leaf) to 74.87% (fermented tobacco leaf). The materiality is within the range from 41.26 g/m² for non-fermented tobacco leaf up to 41.90 g/m² for fermented tobacco leaf, and the leaf thickness is 91.5 μm (non-fermented tobacco leaf) up to 77.2 μm (fermented tobacco leaf). The obtained data from non-fermented and fermented tobacco, the content of the main rib (%), the thickness of the tobacco leaves (μm), the materiality of the leaves (g/cm 2), are determined according to recognized methods that are being applied in the operation of the accredited laboratory-L04 within the
2015
used for cheroot making, is famous for its characteristic pungent taste and strong aroma and is cultivated on alluvial flood plains of Godavari River in East and West Godavari, and Khammam districts of Andhra Pradesh. A field experiment was conducted during 2010-11 in Rekhapalli, Khammam district, Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of nitrogen levels (Recommended practice; N1=300 kg/ha and farmers practice; N2=1000 kg/ha) and leaf position (bottom, middle and top) on biochemical quality constituents in Lanka tobacco. Nicotine, reducing sugars (RS), starch, proline, petroleum ether extractives (PEE) and acid value (positively related to quality) decreased whereas chlorophyll a, chlorogenic acid, rutin and nitrate nitrogen (negatively related to quality) increased with an increase in nitrogen level from 300 to 1000 kg/ ha. Nicotine, RS, chlorogenic acid, PEE, starch, nitrate nitrogen and proline contents increased whereas rutin content decreased with increase in leaf position from bot...
Scientific Reports
In order to limit the smoking tobacco sector crisis, a new non-GMO Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Solaris was proposed as oil seed crop. Residues of oil extraction were successfully used in swine nutrition. The aim of this study was to explore the full potential of this innovative tobacco cultivar as multitasking feedstock non interfering with the food chain. In the triennium 2016–2018, samples from whole plant, inflorescence and stem-leaf biomass were collected in three experimental sites and analysed for chemical constituents, including fibre fractions, sugars and starch, macro-minerals and total alkaloids. The KOH soluble protein content and the amino-acid profile were also investigated as well as the biochemical methane potential. All the analyses were performed according to official methods and results were compared with values reported in literature for conventional lignocellulosic crops and agro-industry residues. The average protein content, ranging from 16.01 to 18.98 g 100 g−1 d...
World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2002
Chipped tobacco stalks were subjected to steam pretreatment at 205 °C for either 5 or 10 min before enzymatic hydrolysis. Glucose (15.4–17.1 g/l) and xylose (4.5–5.0 g/l) were the most abundant monosaccharides in the hydrolysates. Mannose, galactose and arabinose were also detected. The hydrolysate produced by pretreatment for 10 min contained higher levels of all sugars than the 5 min-pretreated hydrolysate. The amounts of inhibitory compounds found in the hydrolysates were relatively low and increased with increasing pretreatment time. The hydrolysates were fermented with baker's yeast. Ethanol yield, maximum volumetric productivity and specific productivity were used as criteria of fermentability of the hydrolysates. The fermentation of the hydrolysates was only slightly inhibited compared to reference solutions having a similar composition of fermentable sugars. The ethanol yield in the hydrolysates was 0.38–0.39 g/g of initial fermentable sugars, whereas it was 0.42 g/g in the reference. The biomass yield was twofold lower in the hydrolysates than in the reference. The fermentation inhibition caused by the tobacco stalk hydrolysates was less than that caused by sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates obtained under the same hydrolysis conditions.
The Effects of During Sun-Cured Period on the Some Chemical Composition Changes of Oriental Tobacco
Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018
Tobacco curing is a complex combination of parallel physical and biochemical processes in green tobacco leaves. The aim of this study is to find the effect of the yellowing stage in the curing process on the change of basic chemical values of nicotine and sugars in Bulgarian varieties and newly selected lines oriental tobacco in the Plovdiv and Macedonia tobacco regions. The study is carried out in Tobacco and Tobacco
Carbohydrates—Key Players in Tobacco Aroma Formation and Quality Determination
Molecules
Carbohydrates are important compounds in natural products where they primarily serve as a source of energy, but they have important secondary roles as precursors of aroma or bioactive compounds. They are present in fresh and dried (cured) tobacco leaves as well. The sugar content of tobacco depends on the tobacco variety, harvesting, and primarily on the curing conditions (temperature, time and moisture). If the process of curing employs high temperatures (flue-curing and sun-curing), final sugar content is high. In contrast, when air curing has a lower temperature, at the end of the process, sugar level is low. Beside simple sugars, other carbohydrates reported in tobacco are oligosaccharides, cellulose, starch, and pectin. Degradation of polysaccharides results in a higher yield of simple sugars, but at the same time reduces sugars oxidization and transfer into carbon dioxide and water. Loss of sugar producers will compensate with added sugars, to cover undesirable aroma propertie...
Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research
Background: Leaf protein concentrate (LPC) is a cheap and feasible source of high-quality protein. Researchers found the protein quality of LPC is similar to first-class protein food. Tobacco is a protein-rich leaf but contains a high amount of nicotine. According to studies the leaf protein concentrate obtained from tobacco leaves is nicotine-free and also useful to gaining weight in malnourished rats. Methods: Fresh leaves were blended with distilled water in different leaf water ratio (1:3, 1:6,1:9 and 1;12). The juice was filtered and coagulated at different pH (acidic, basic and neutral) with different coagulating techniques (conventional heating, Microwave and Ultrasound) to standardize the optimum procedure for leaf protein concentrate extraction. The coagulant was filtered and dried in the oven. Result: The maximum quantity of crude protein and LPC yield (62.34% and 4.7 g) was extracted with a 1:9 leaf water ratio at acidic pH by using citric acid followed by the conventiona...
Fermentation of Plant Material – Effect on Sugar Content and Stability of Bioactive Compounds
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2014
Extraction is a method often used to obtain products rich in bioactive compounds from plant material. Most of the solvents used for the polyphenols extraction simultaneously extract also sugars, undesirable as a component of health-promoting food. Fermentation might be a simple, cheap and efficient way of sugar elimination. In our study, black tea and goji berries, both known for their health benefits, were used and alcoholic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was carried out to eliminate sugars. In the course of fermentation the concentration of polyphenols, L-theanine and carotenoids was evaluated in order to verify the preservation of selected bioactive compounds. Decreases in sugar content, formation of ethanol and yeasts growth were monitored during fermentation. The fermentation of black tea decreased the sugar concentration by 84% within 6 h without decreasing total polyphenols and L-theanine contents. Goji berry fermentation yielded a sugars decrease of 87% within 24 h, without decrease in polyphenol content. However, carotenoid content was reduced by 17%. The study showed that fermentation was an effective way to decrease sugar content in plant extracts, and therefore it might be a pertinent step to concentrate bioactives.
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Prancak 95 tobacco has the potential to be developed in Indonesia because it has a distinctive aroma and a nicotine content of 2.13%. The quality of this tobacco raw material must be improved and started from the use of quality seeds through in vitro culture techniques. However, several things that must be considered are the acclimatization stages. One of the efforts to increase the growth of seedlings during the acclimation can be done by providing natural plant growth regulators (PGR) from extracts of organic materials such as coconut water, young corn, sprouts, and banana weevil that has been fermented in advance using EM-4 bioactivators . Based on this, the purpose of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of natural growth regulators in the acclimatization of Prancak -95 tobacco. This study uses a non factorial randomized block design with four treatments concentrated solution of natural growth regulators, which include: Control (no treatment), 10; 25; and 50 ml/...