The Role of Biotechnology for Conservation and Biologically Active Substances Production of Rhodiola rosea : Endangered Medicinal Species (original) (raw)
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Induction of indirect organogenesis in vitro in Rhodiola rosea-an important medicinal plant
2013
Rhodiola rosea L. is an endangered medicinal plant due to over harvesting in Bulgaria and in other European countries. The root and rhizomes are rich in pharmacologically and therapeutically active substances like flavonoids, phenolic acids that make the plant of commercial importance. The seed propagation in nature is very poor as far as only of 2 to 30 % of the seeds germinate depending on the ecologically geographic conditions. Thus, in vitro techniques are suitable for propagation of this species. In vitro propagation is possible by direct and indirect organogenesis. The latter is much more difficult in many species, including golden root. The present study aimed to understand the conditions, which provoke undifferentiated tissue initiation and development of shoots. The effects of different plant growth regulators in various concentrations oncallus induction and indirect plant regeneration were investigated. Regenerative callus was received on Murashige and Skoog medium contain...
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 2018
The present study focuses on development of a micropropagation protocol for true to type plants of Rhodiola imbricata, an endangered medicinal plant found in trans-Himalayan Leh-Ladakh region of India. It also aims at analyzing the pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites and antioxidant potential of in vitro and in vivo plants. Various cytokinins and auxins were tested for shoot proliferation and in vitro rooting of the microshoots, respectively. Random primers were used for checking genetic uniformity at different stages of micropropagation. Pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites of R. imbricata such as Rosavin, total polyphenols and free radical scavenging activity were analyzed by HPLC. Among different cytokinins used, BAP (5 µM) and TDZ (1 µM) were found to perform better in terms of shoot proliferation, shoot length and number of leaves as compared to other concentrations. For rooting of microshoots, a lower concentration of NAA (0.5 µM) yielded more efficient rooting of micro shoots (17.33 roots per micro shoot). In vitro rooted microshoots were hardened and showed 60% survival rate. The content of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was higher in the in vivo plant. The amount of ferulic acid was higher in the in vitro raised plant when compared to field grown plant. Furthermore, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid were higher in the in vitro raised plants as compared to field grown plants. This work will facilitate in conservation of this endangered herb and provide necessary plant materials for various biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.
Some considerations regarding the In Vitro culture of Rhodiola rosea L
In vitro cultures of Rhodiola rosea were initiated and the morphogenetic reaction of several types of explants was tested in view of elaborating a micropropagation technique for this species, to provide in vitro regenerants for repopulating native habitats of R. rosea, where it has extinguished or is endangered. It was ascertained that the most efficient variants of MS medium to provide neoplantlets from shoot nodes and apices are: N (2.0 mg l-1 NAA), followed by hormone free MS, then KN (1 mg l-1 Kin + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA), and AZ (0.2 mg l-1 IAA + 2 mg l-1 zeatin). The in vitro regenerants transfer on Ceahlău Mountains (at 1750 meters altitude) proved that the achievement of our goal is possible.
Rhodiola rosea L.: from golden root to green cell factories
Rhodiola rosea L. is a worldwide popular plant with adaptogenic activities that have been and currently are exploited in the traditional medicine of many countries, as well as, examined in a number of clinical trials. More than 140 chemical structures have been identified which belong to several natural product classes, including phenylpropanoid glycosides, phenylethanoids, flavonoids and essential oils, and are mainly stored in the rhizomes and the roots of the plant. A number of mechanisms contribute to the adaptogenic activities of R. rosea preparations and its phytochemical constituents. Among them, the intrinsic inducible mammalian stress responses and their effector proteins, such as heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), are the most prominent. Due to its popular medicinal use, which has led to depletion of its natural habitats, R. rosea is now considered as endangered in most parts of the world. Conservation, cultivation and micropropagation are all implemented as potential preserva...
Rhodiola rosea L . in vitro plants morphophysiological and cytological characteristics
2011
Rhodiola rosea L. (Golden Root, Roseroot) is an endangered species and is protected by law in Bulgaria and other countries. Rhizome and roots extracts are used as a stimulant of immune system, adaptogen, and for prophylactics and cure of socially important diseases – cancer, cardiovascular, etc. Schemes for in vitro propagation and plant regeneration were established previously. The aim of the present work was to morphologically and cytologically characterize the regenerants. Concerning flowers, leaves, stem and rhizomes no differences were recorded between the wild plants and the regenerated plants grown ex vitro in the adaptation room, in the green house and in the mountain. To detect chromosome number, commonly used techniques for squash preparations were modified to be used for root tip meristem cells of Rhodiola rosea regenerants. In vitro plants obtained on different culture media were subjected to cytological analysis. The chromosome number in all samples was 2n = 22, which c...
Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Rhodiola rosea L. is a high-altitude medicinal plant with various health-beneficial effects, associated mainly with the phenolic substances salidroside and rosavins (rosavin, rosin and rosarin). The intensive collection of R. rosea rhizomes and roots to be used in folk medicine and pharmacy has led to a decrease of the species natural resources. New opportunities for species conservation and accelerated synthesis of biologically active substances have been provided by various systems for in vitro and ex vitro cultivation. In this study, the salidroside and rosavins content was determined using HPLC analysis in in vitro cultures of R. rosea and further monitored in adapted regenerants grown ex vitro. The targeted secondary metabolites were not detected in the calli and in the roots of 1-month-old regenerants obtained on different nutrient media. The roots/rhizomes of adapted regenerants grown ex vitro in a greenhouse for 1 year and in the mountain for 1, 2 and 3 years produced increa...
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 2015
Numerous researches have been carried out on plants of the Rhodiola species, especially Rhodiola kirilowii (Regel) Maxim. and Rhodiola rosea. Various compounds have been reported to be isolated from R. kirilowii and R. rosea, including cyanogenic glycosides, monoterpene alcohols and their glycosides, aryl glycosides, phenylethanoids, phenylpropanoids and their glycosides (salidroside and rosavins respectively), as well as flavonoids, flavonlignans, proanthocyanidins and gallic acid derivatives and the latter have free radical scavenging capacity. The benefits claimed for Rhodiola include adapogenic, neuroprotective, anti-depresive anti-tumour and cardioprotective activities. Currently, the adaptogenic activity of Rhodiola compounds are properties evaluated mainly in human clinical trials. The mechanism of the action of Rhodiola extracts include affecting the levels of cortisol and NO by interactions with glucocorticoid receptors directly or via the c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathway. However, the natural populations of R. rosea in Poland are threatened; therefore, the cultivation of R. rosea and alternative species R. kirilowii might be a possible solution for producing these kinds of plants in Poland in sufficient quantities and quality for pharmaceutical purposes. Lack of proven interaction with other drugs and no confirmed adverse effects during clinical trials encourages further investigation. These herb preparations ought to be studied extensively to establish their position as potential drugs for a variety of diseases.
Pharmacognosy Journal
Aim: Rhodiola imbricata is an endangered medicinal plant of the trans-Himalayan Leh-Ladakh region belonging to the family Crassulaceae. An efficient propagation and regeneration system via direct shoot organogenesis from leaf explant and evaluation of cinnamyl alcohol (Secondary metabolite) was established in this study. Material and Methods: In vitro grown leaves were inoculated using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with (alpha)naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with 6-benzyladenine (BAP) for callus proliferation and regeneration. Results: The highest percentage of rhizogenous callus was induced in medium containing NAA (10.0-15.0 µM). The highest percentage of shoot formation from leaf derived callus was obtained in the medium containing of NAA (5.0 µM) and BAP (2.5 µM) as well as in NAA (1.0 µM), BAP (5.0 µM) (38.88% and 37.49%) respectively. Rooting of regenerated shoots were effective when a lower concentration of NAA (0.5 μM) was used alone. A maximum number of roots (22.0) and higher length (0.6 cm) was observed. The in-vitro plantlets with well-developed shoots and roots were acclimatized successfully to natural field conditions with a survival rate of over 80%. Cinnamyl alcohol (Secondary metabolite) evaluation was also done for the very first time and an upregulation of 49.6% and 30.6% were observed in in-vitro roots and shoots when compared with mother root and shoot respectively. Hence, it was proved that the content of secondary metabolites obtained from in-vitro raised plants is higher than mother plant. Conclusion : These results may lay a foundation for genetic improvement and can be used to determine sequential level of targeted secondary metabolites through cell culture in Rhodiola imbricata.
2008
s:135. 29. Krajewska-Patan A, Furmanowa M, Dreger M, Górska-Paukszta M, Łowicka A, Mścisz A, Mielcarek s, Baraniak M, Buchwald W, Mrozikiewicz PM. enhancing the biosynthesis of salidroside by biotransformation of p-tyrosol in callus culture of Rhodiola rosea L. herba Pol 2007; 53:55-64. 30. Krajewska-Patan A, Dreger M, Łowicka A, Górska-Paukszta M, Mścisz A, Mielcarek s, Baraniak M, Buchwald W, Furmanowa M, Mrozikiewicz PM. chemical investigations of biotransformed Rhodiola rosea callus tissue. herba Pol 2007; 53: 77-87. 31. György z, tolonen A, Pakonen M, neubauer P, hohtola A. enhancing the production of cinamyl glucosides in compact callus aggregate cultures of Rhodiola rosea by biotransformation of cinnamyl alcohol. Plant sci 2004, 166:229-36. 32. György z, tolonen A, neubauer P, hohtola A. enhanced biotransformation capacity of Rhodiola rosea callus cultures for glycoside production. Plant cell tiss organ cult 2005; 83:129-35. 33. Mikołajczak P, okulicz-Kozaryn i, Kamińska e, n...
Herba Polonica, 2009
S u m m a r y Rhodiola Kirilowii (Regel) Maxim. (Crassulaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant used in North Asia and China, especially in the cardiopulmonary disorders in the hypoxic conditions induced by high altitude. The presented results are the part of the investigations carried out in the Branch of Medicinal Plants of the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants in cooperation with the Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University in Warsaw on R. Kirilowii plants and tissue cultures. The aim of recent study was to determine the growth dynamics and active compounds production during the cultivation of callus tissues of R. Kirilowii on solid/liquid media. Tissue cultures of R. Kirilowii shown the ability to produce all the active compounds determined in the roots of plants of Polish origin. It is worth emphasizing, that rosavins, according to known literature, were not detected in roots of plants growing in Asia. The best time for collection the tissues from solid medium was 223 Vol. 55 No 3 2009 Callus tissues of Rhodiola Kirilowii (Regel) Maxim.-dynamic of growth and active compounds production fifth or sixth week of the culture-the tissues were growing dynamically and the contents of the main active compounds was high. The material from suspension should be collected in 12-15 days after inoculation. The obtained results will be applied in future investigations on the use of R. Kirilowii extracts in the experimental hypoxia in rats.