Nematicidal potential of Brassicaceae (original) (raw)
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Brassica species are sources of bioactive compounds with several biological properties including biocidal activity against various soil borne pathogens and pests such as parasitic nematodes. Isothiocyanates derived from corresponding glucosinolates are major bioactive compounds responsible for this activity. In this study, glucosinolate content of red and white radish (Raphanus sativus L.), oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), turnip (Brassica rapa L.) and Arugula (Eruca sativa L.) that were previously assessed for their host suitability level of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne arenaria and Meloidogyne incognita) were determined to understand the relationship between glucosinolate content and host-suitability level of these crops. The highest glucosinolate content was in radish. Turnip revealed lower levels compared to radish. However, the lowest glucosinolate content was determined in arugula and oilseed rape. Together with previous findings demonstrating host-suitability levels, the effect of glucosinolates on biocidal potential of Brassicaceae plants to fight against root-knot nematodes were evaluated.
Plant and Soil, 2011
The wild mustard (Brassica juncea L.), an invasive weed of winter crops in Brazil, was evaluated for glucosinolate content of its plant tissues and nematicidal activity of its dry leaf meal (LM), whole seed meal (WSM) and hexane defatted seed meal (DSM) against Meloidogyne incognita on tomato plants. Sinigrin was the major glucosinolate in LM, WSM and DSM, occurring at concentration of 0.11, 12.2 and 21.9 mg/gdw, respectively. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) was the major degradation product and its concentration was highest in DSM followed by WSM and LM. The number of galls, egg masses and eggs on tomato plants was reduced by over 90% by amending soil with 1.6% LM, 0.2% WSM, or 0.05% DSM. Exposure to the volatiles from the amended soils reduced egg eclosion. The soil amendment with LM, WSM and DSM killed the second stage juveniles of M. javanica, M. enterolobii (=M. mayaguensis) and Heterodera glycines. The efficacy of the LM, WSM and DSM for nematode suppression was related to the amount of AITC released in soil. Keywords Allelochemicals . Isothiocyanate . Glucosinolate . Brassica juncea . Mustard meal . Rootknot nematode . Sinapis arvensis Czern. (Jham et al. 2009). Most plant species of Brassicaceae family contain glucosinolates (GLNs), Plant Soil (2011) 341:155-164
VI International Symposium on Brassicas and XVIII Crucifer Genetics Workshop, 2013
Soil-borne diseases is a widespread problem in protected cultivation in Sicily especially after the prohibition of methyl bromide use. Secondary metabolites of some Brassica species are biofumigant able to contrast the main soil-borne agents in view to establish health and environmental friendly farming. In order to assess the effectiveness in nematodes control (Meloidogyne spp.) on tomatoes was carried out, adopting factorial design, a field trial in an representative farm of protected cultivation (Ragusa) using the flour of dry plants of Brassica juncea, Eruca sativa, Raphanus sativus and Brassica macrocarpa. The first three species were previously studied by some Authors as biofumigant, while B. macrocarpa is an endemic Sicilian wild species appearing interesting since recent scientific evidence showed high glucosinolate content in leaves, 90% represented by sinigrin, and the effectiveness of its dry leaves inserted into the soil to control root-knot nematodes in tomato crops, such as Meloidogyne spp. Tritated flour for the sinigrin content was distributed before planting (60 and 90 g m -2 ), the mean dose corresponded to the active molecules contained in the commercial formulate (Nemathorin) applied as 3 g m -2 following the instructions. Disease index detected on the tomato roots at the end of the growing cycle (Lamberti score, 1971), although low in general, resulted in all thesis lower than the control (1.2) and the commercial formulated (0.20), whereas it was between 0 (E. sativa 60 g m -2 and R. sativus 90 g m -2 ) and 0.13 (B. juncea 90 g m -2 ).
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White) Chitw. is responsible for large yield losses in several horticultural crops. Fumigation with chemicals has been efficient in fighting this soil pest, but it clearly shows a negative environmental impact. Thus, it is necessary to find an environmentally friendly alternative to control this nematode and meet the requirements imposed by world regulation to ban some chemical fumigants in the world after 2005. The glucosinolatemyrosinase system, typical of the Brassicaceae family, appears to be an important natural alternative for the control of several soilborne pests and pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the biocidal activity of 11 glucosinolates and their degradation products on second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode M. incognita expressed by the nematicidal (LD 50) and immobilization effects, after 24 and 48 h. None of the intact glucosinolates had any biological effect. After myrosinase addition, their hydrolysis products (essentially isothiocyanates) resulted in highly different biocidal activities. Among the hydrolysis products of the tested glucosinolates, 2-phenylethyl, benzyl, 4-methylthiobutyl, and prop-2-enyl isothiocyanate showed the stronger activity, with an LD 50 at concentrations of 11, 15, 21, and 34 µM, respectively. On the basis of the in vitro test results, new genotypes of Brassicaceae had been selected for high content in the roots of the glucosinolates generating the more active isothiocyanates and their agronomic performances verified in view of a full-field application as catch crop plants. With this aim, the qualitative and quantitative glucosinolate contents in the roots of these potentially nematicidal plants are also reported and discussed.
Nematode suppression with brassicaceous amendments: application based upon glucosinolate profiles
Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2004
Glucosinolate profiles differ among plant species and their isothiocyanate (ITC) derivatives differ in toxicity to nematodes. Successful management of plant -parasitic nematodes by ITCs requires the incorporation of appropriate amounts of glucosinolate-containing biomass. Plant materials, containing glucosinolate-precursors of the ITCs most toxic to nematodes, were selected and applied to soil based upon ITC lethal concentration (LC) values. This provided a reliable and repeatable basis for application rates for suppression of Meloidogyne javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans by Brassica hirta and M. javanica by B. juncea. Sufficient biomass of B. hirta to potentially yield 0.03 -0.12 mmol ml 21 of glucotropeolin reduced nematode survival compared to similar amounts of broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis). At biomass levels providing . 0.37 mmol ml 21 of glucotropeolin, mortality of M. javanica was 100% with B. hirta. Biomass of B. juncea potentially yielding 2.82 mmol ml 21 of sinigrin reduced M. javanica survival 65% below that obtained by a similar amount of broccoli. Rates of B. juncea to yield lethal levels of allyl ITC to reduce T. semipenetrans survival underestimated the glucosinolate application rates for this amendment. Application of plant biomass to soil .2.9% w/w reduced M. javanica survival regardless of the glucosinolate concentration of the amendment material. Application of brassicaceous amendments to soil initiates complex and dynamic biological and chemical processes. Despite the inherent complexity, we find that brassicaceous amendments can be applied to achieve consistent and repeatable nematode suppression when based upon the chemistry of the incorporated material. q (I.A. Zasada).
Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 2013
Feeding of cabbage flea beetles on various Brassica species can reduce crop productivity. While progressing towards the goal of reducing the use of synthetic pesticides and promotion of environmental protection, we wish to exploit plants' natural resilience. The results of our study carried out in 2009-2010 show that glucosinolate contents vary with plant species and plant organs. Among the indole glucosinolates, all Brassica species (cabbage, oil radish, oil seed rape and white mustard) displayed the presence of glucobrassicin, whose influence on cabbage flea beetles varied according to the plant species. We established that gluconasturtiin content in oil seed rape negatively (r = −0.99) influenced the feeding of flea beetles, while the progoitrin (r = 0.51), sinalbin (r = 0.61) and gluconapin (r = 0.67) stimulated the feeding of flea beetles in this crop. No significant influence of glucobrassicin on flea beetles was detected in oilseed rape, while this glucosinolate negatively influenced the intensity of flea beetles feeding in oil radish and white mustard (r =-0.32, r =-0.64). Oil radish thus proved to be the most suitable species as a trap crop for flea beetles. We conclude that protection of the Brassicas against flea beetles can depend on glucosinolate content, but additional tests to confirm practical meaning of this study in environmentally acceptable cabbage production are required.
2000
Glucosinolates are amino acid derived allelochemicals characteristic of plants of the order Capparales. These compounds are present in seeds of agriculturally common Brassica crops in varying amounts and mixture profiles depending on the plant species. Glucosinolates are hydrolysed by endogenous enzymes (myrosinases; EC 3.2.1.147) and a variety of biologically active products are produced, with different structures depending on the parent glucosinolate and the reaction conditions. Isothiocyanates and their derivatives (e.g. oxazolidine-2-thiones), nitriles, epithionitriles, and the different products derived from indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolates have fungicidal, nematocidal and herbicidal effects and therefore their potential use as biodegradable natural products for crop protection has attracted much attention in the last years. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of some glucosinolate transformation products on a number of plant pathogenic fungi. Different concentrations of glucosinolate hydrolysis products both individually and in combination were tested. All glucosinolate products were active against the different fungi and active concentrations ranged from 10 µM to over 10 mM.
Trials on the Use of Brassica macrocarpa for the Control of Tomato Root-Knot Nematodes
Brassica macrocarpa contains a high concentration of glucosinolates, which after hydrolysis produce isothiocyanates with a chemical structure similar to the one of some soil fumigants. The paper reports the results of a series of experiments that suggest the possibility to control soil nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in cherry tomato crop by means of the application of Brassica macrocarpa dry biomass.
Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 2017
The genus Brassica includes economically important oilseed and vegetable plants. A number of insect pests are known to infest these crops and cause significant losses in yield. The plants in the family Brassicaceae have multiple defense mechanisms to overcome or reduce the damage by these pests including defensive biochemicals. These Plant Secondary Metabolites (PSMs) involve myrosinase-glucosinolate system, different volatile compounds, lectins, phytoalexins and phytoanticipins. While some of the compounds are always present in the plant system, the others are synthesized after herbivore attack. These compounds can either directly protect the plant by having effect(s) on insects' biology/behaviour or indirectly by attracting the natural enemies of the pests. Because of these secondary compounds, Brassicas have the potential to be used in pest management such as biofumigation against soil pests, as trap crops and cover crops and hence, can be a part of push-pull strategy. An attempt has been made to review these compounds in Brassicas, their role in defense against insects and potential in pest management.