Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus and risk analysis of vertical transmission among pregnant women attending the obstetrics and gynecology hospital, Chennai (Tamilnadu), India (original) (raw)
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National Journal of Medical Research, 2012
Background: Majority of the transmission of Hepatitis B in India and other developing countries occurs by vertical transmission from an infected carrier mother to the neonate, intrapartum or antenatally. Up to 90% of babies born to carrier mothers may also become carriers and they are at a very high risk of developing chronic liver disease at a younger age. Aims & Objectives: Present study was done to know the determination of sero-markers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) amongst pregnant women. Further, to find prevalence of HBe Ag and Anti HBe-IgM Ab amongst HBs Ag positive pregnant women. Methods: A retrospective study was done based on review of records of pregnant women. Blood samples were collected from 2050 pregnant women with age ranging from 16-40 years during the January 2001 to December 2003. Screening of HBs Ag was done by RPHA method and positive HBs Ag tests were confirmed by ELISA. The positive samples were then further tested for HBe Ag and Anti-HBe-IgM Ab. Results: Amongst, 2050 pregnant women, 63 (3.07%) were positive by RPHA and ELISA. Statistically significant association was not found for age group (χ2=8.05, P>0.05), history of disease (χ2=6.56, P>0.05) and trimester of pregnancy (χ2=1.66, P>0.05) with HBs Ag positivity in pregnant women. Though, highest HBs Ag positivity was found with age group of 21-25 year (4.20%), history of Jaundice (13.95%) and third trimester of pregnancy (3.56%). Significant statistical association was found between HBs Ag positive carriers 63, with HBe Ag positive 11 (17.46%) and Anti-HBe IgM Ab positive 18 (28.57%) samples (χ2=128.14, P<0.001). Conclusion: Screening of pregnant women for HBs Ag is necessary in order to identify those neonates at risk of transmission. Amongst HBs Ag positives, the test for HBe Ag and Anti HBe IgM Ab was significantly high, which suggests high chances of carrier state. The practical preventive measure against vertical transmission to neonates is immunization of the newborns for HBV.
IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019
Aim: To study the seroprvalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and associated factors among pregnant women in tertiary health care center. Materials and Methods: A total of 2224 antenatal women(age ranging from 18-40yrs) attending the outpatient department of Maharaja Yashwant Rao Hospital, Indore from Jan 2019 to May 2019 were included in the study. They were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by rapid test based on immunochromatography in the Department of Microbiology, M.G.M. Medical College. Results: Out of 2224 pregnant women, 26(1.16%) women were found to be positive for Hepatitis B surface antigen result. The age of women varied between 20 and 40 years with mean age was 25.6 years. History of blood transfusion were found in nine females (34.6%) statistically significant for HBV infection. 4(0.17%) of the patients who tested seropositive for HBsAg had tested positive for HIV infection also. Conclusion: Hepatitis B is emerging as a significant health problem in India. Programme for prevention and control of Hepatitis B should be considered as priority basis by the government and health services in India. Screening of all pregnant women for HBV irrespective of high risk factors can reduce risks of HBV infection and carrier state.
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology
Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during pregnancy is associated with perinatal transmission contributing to the pool of HBV infection in the population. There is a wide variation in the reported data on the seroprevalence of HBV in pregnant patients from various parts of India. Hence, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the pooled seroprevalence of HBV and its associated demographic factors. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted from January 2000 to April 2022 for studies evaluating the prevalence of HBV in pregnant patients from India. Results: A total of 44 studies with data on 272,595 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in pregnant women was 1.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4-1.8]. Among patients with HBsAg positivity, the pooled prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen was 26.0% (95%CI 17.4-34.7). There was no significant difference in the odds of HBV seroprevalence based on the age (<25 years vs. > 25 years) [odds ratio (OR) 1.07, 95%CI 0.74-1.55], parity (primipara vs. multipara) (OR 1.09, 95%CI 0.70-1.70) or area of residence (urban vs. rural) (OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.56-1.39). However, the odds of HBV seroprevalence in those with no or primary education was higher than in those with secondary level education or higher (OR 2.29, 95%CI 1.24-4.23). Prior history of risk factors was present in 13.5-22.7% of patients indicating a vertical mode of acquisition. Conclusion: There is a low endemicity of HBV among pregnant women in India. Risk factors are seen in less than 25% of the cases, indicating vertical transmission as the predominant mode of acquisition, which can be reduced by improving vaccination coverage.
The present study is a cross sectional study which aims at the assessment of the prevalence of Ante natal Hepatitis B. A total of 456 study participants were enrolled. Probability sampling using the systematic method was used to include study participants. The sampling frame consisted of all pregnant women attending ANC at College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta hospital. The sampling interval (K unit) was calculated as 9 mothers using ANC records that showed a monthly attendance of 860 first visit attendances. After obtaining written consent from an informed client, Three to five milliliters (3-5 Mls) of whole blood was collected from each study participant by venous puncture, and serum was separated. The serum was tested by immunochromatographic method to detect HBsAg. There was to ethical controversies or conflict of interest. Data compilation and analysis were done as per standard statistical methods by using the software " R ". screening.Of the 456 study participants, whose serum samples were collected and screened only 11 (2.41%) were positive, with detectable levels of Hepatitis B surface antigen. Out of 456 participants, 293 were primigravida (69%). All of these 11 HBsAg seroreactive cases were primigravida.The youngest participant was 19 years and the oldest was 42 years. Age group 20-24 years had the highest number of participants (n=151, 33%). Antenatal screening for Hepatitis B is useful for early intervention and management of vertical transmission.
Hepatitis B virus Vertical Transmission in Booked Pregnant Women in Abuja, Nigeria
2022
Background: Perinatal (vertical) transmission has remained the most important route of spread of Hepatitis B Virus in many endemic areas worldwide. Determining magnitude of vertical transmission to the new born fetuses may allow for planning and modification of strategies to curtail the menace Objectives: To determine the prevalence of vertical transmission and Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection rate in pregnant women in Abuja, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal, cohort study involving one hundred and five (105) pregnant women that were serially recruited between January 2nd and March 31st, 2013 and tested for serum Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using commercial rapid diagnostic Elisa kits. Those women that were positive for HBsAg were tested for envelope antigen (HBeAg) variant. Recruited patients were followed up till delivery. The data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17. P-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The results were presented as Simple per cents and chi square was employed to test for the significance. Results: There were 8 pregnant women that were positive for HBsAg among 105 consecutive women, giving a prevalence rate of 7.6%. There was no in-utero (vertical) transmission recorded in the study population. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBsAg is relatively high but with zero pre-natal vertical transmission. Proper precautionary measures at delivery are however advocated to keep the vertical transmission at its lowest bearable status.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2019
Background: Hepatitis B infection is one of the most common public health problems worldwide. Hepatitis B virus Surface Antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers may transmit the virus vertically to neonates transplacentally during pregnancy, perinatally during delivery or postnatally through breast milk. Such neonates being carriers of virus are at a very high risk of developing chronic liver diseases at a younger age and also, they act as reservoirs of infection in the community. Objective of the study is to evaluate the seroprevalence of HBsAg in pregnant females attending Antenatal Clinic. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was done from January to June 2019. A total of 840 pregnant females were included in the study who attended Antenatal Clinic for routine checkup whose blood samples were sent to Microbiology Laboratory for screening of HBsAg by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: Out of 840 pregnant females included in the study, 8 were reactive to HBsAg, hence, prevalence was found to be 0.95%. The seroprevalence of HBsAg was found to be more (1.40%) in 26-35 year females. Maximum seropositivity was seen in females from urban areas (1.0%), those attending OPD of ANC (1.03%) and those who belonged to lower socioeconomic class (1.02%). Conclusions: Routine free screening for HBV infection should be offered to all antenatal females to reduce the risk of vertical transmission to the neonates born to infected mothers, thereby, preventing them from becoming carriers and developing chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma later in life.
Hepatitis B Infection in Pregnancy-Experience at a Tertiary Care Centre of North India
Journal of Haematology Research, 2017
Objectives: To investigate the Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen in pregnant women and managing chronic HBV infection in pregnant women for preventing mother to child transmission. Methods: Fifteen thousand pregnant women were evaluated using history, examination and test for serum HbsAg and who were found to be HbsAg positive underwent liver function tests, HbeAg and HBV DNA analysis by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: out of fifteen thousand (15000) women, 52 women tested positive for HbsAg. Of these, 8(15.38%) presented with acute hepatitis and 44(84.6%) were asymptomatic carriers. The highest HbsAg positivity was seen in age group of 20-25 years and maximum women were multiparous (67.23%). Assessment of risk factors revealed history of tattooing in 22 women (42.3%). Out of 52 women, 12 patients tested positive for HbeAg and their DNA tires were more than one Lakh copies/ml. Forty six women(88.4%) delivered vaginally and rest 6(11.5%) underwent cesarean section which was mainly done for obstetric indications. All the babies born received immunoglobulin and first dose of HBV vaccine within 12 hours of birth. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of HbsAg in antenatal women was found to be 0.34%.
The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women was determined using Acon HBsAg in vitro diagnostic kit. Of the one hundred and eight (108) pregnant women tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) only 7(6.5%) were positive. Higher prevalence of HBV was recorded among pregnant women between age group 20-24years 3(8.3%), followed by 30-34years 2(7.4%), 25-29year and 35-39years with the prevalence of 1(4.8%) and 1(12.5%) respectively. HBV among pregnant women based on educational status showed that out of 108 pregnant women, only 47(43.5%) were undergone formal education while 61(56.5%) have not undergone formal education. High prevalence was recorded among those that have not undergone formal education 4(6.6%) than their counterpart with formal education 3(6.4%), although, no statistical significant difference was recorded between the educational status of the studied population and the prevalence of the HBV infection(Xsquared= 0.1279, df= 1, p-value= 0.7206). Also other variable such gravidity, trimester and history of blood transfusion were observed in this study, none of this variable was found to be risk factor acquiring HBV infection (P>0.05). This shows that Hepatitis B virus is endemic in pregnant women and evidence of this virus among pregnant women, indicating high risk of vertical transmission.
Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Transmission in Pregnancy
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is a serious health problem in many countries, particularly in developing countries. In Asia-Pacific region, vertical transmission from mother to child is the main endemicity factor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Almost 50% cases of hepatitis B virus infection happen during perinatal and neonatal period, including vertical transmission from mother to child during pregnancy.World Health Organization (WHO), World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO) and many countries have recommended immunoprophylaxis by the administration of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) to prevent transmission from mother to child. However, there are approximately 10-15% babies born from mother with hepatitis B infected by HBV through intrauterine transmission. Incidence of intrauterine transmission is accounted for around 43-50% if DNA of HBV in the mother is more than 107 copies/mL, although passive and active immunization to the baby has been ...
Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences, 2012
Infections due to viral hepatitis are systemic diseases caused by viruses A-E that mostly involve the liver. [1] It is a DNA virus which belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae. The virus was first discovered as 'Australian antigen' and later named hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the blood of patients. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was discovered later as a marker for patients at a high risk for transmission of the disease. [2] Infection caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious public health problem causing about two billion infections worldwide. [3] Transmission is commonly through blood transfusion, blood products, body fluids (urine, semen, sweat, saliva, and tears), use of contaminated needles, vertical transmission (mother to child through infected birth canal), and sexual contact. [1] Neonates born of chronically infected mothers have a 70-90% risk of the infection progressing to a chronic phase. [3] Most countries in Africa have a high HBV endemicity, with the exception of Morocco and Tunisia, which have intermediate endemicity. [4] A prevalence rate of 10% of HBV was found among pregnant women in Hong Kong, [3] 12% in Taiwan, [5] and17.3% in Burkina Faso. [6] A b s t r A c t Background: Pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) can transmit the infection to their fetuses and newborns. Neonates who contract the HBV have about 90% risk of developing chronic HBsAg carriage (HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen) and chronic liver disease. Neonatal immunization interrupts this vertical and perinatal transmission. Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) and to identify potential risk factors associated with HBV infection. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted involving a total of 303 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at AKTH and 303 nonpregnant women of childbearing age. Blood sample was collected from each woman and the serum tested for the presence of HBsAg using latex rapid agglutination slide test kit (Cal-Tech Diagnostic Inc., USA) in the laboratory of the hospital. Reactive samples were stored at-20ºC and further confirmed for HBsAg using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Bio-Rad, France). HBsAg-positive samples were tested for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) using ELISA kits (Orgenics, Israel). A pretested, structured questionnaire was used for the collection of sociodemographic data and possible risk factors. Results: The prevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women and nonpregnant women were 7.9 and 7.6%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant and nonpregnant women. The presence of HBeAg was statistically significant among both pregnant and nonpregnant women who tested positive for HBsAg. The risk factors associated with HBV infection were blood transfusion, ear piercing, history of an affected sibling with HBV infection, tattooing, and abortion among pregnant women. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBsAg in this study was not statistically different in pregnant and nonpregnant women. There was a high level of HBeAg infection among pregnant women who tested positive for HBsAg. History of an affected sibling with HBV infection, tattoo, and abortion were significant risk factors for HBV infection.