Improved load frequency control with superconducting magnetic energy storage in interconnected power systems (original) (raw)
Related papers
2012 15th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2012
This paper presents a novel adaptive artificial neural network (ANN)-controlled superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) to enhance the transient stability of a grid-connected wind generator system. The control strategy of the SMES unit is developed based on cascaded control scheme of a voltage source converter and a two-quadrant DC-DC chopper using insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The proposed controller is used to control the duty cycle of the DC-DC chopper. Detailed modeling and control strategies of the system are presented. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive ANN-controlled SMES is then compared with that of a conventional proportional-integral (PI)-controlled SMES. The validity of the proposed system is verified with the simulation results which are performed using the standard dynamic power system simulator PSCAD/EMTDC.
The objective of the paper is to examine the performance of the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) with the application of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) system unit for multi area interconnected power system. Load Frequency Control (LFC) is a part of AGC plays a vital role in power sector. The purpose of AGC is to maintain system frequency to a specified nominal value, maintain generation of individual unit’s and to keep the tie-line power between different units at the most economical value. The simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK show that Load Frequency Control (LFC) in a multi area interconnected power system with SMES unit are considerably improved in terms of overshoot time and settling time when compared to that of the system without SMES unit.
An optimization algorithm based on the echolocation behavior of bats is proposed for improving the load-frequency control (LFC) of interconnected power systems. A maiden attempt is made to highlight the effectiveness of Bat Algorithm in optimizing the controller parameters in load frequency control. The proposed algorithm is applied to a two area interconnected power system with Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) unit. The Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage unit improves the transients of frequency and tieline power deviations against small load changes by favorable damping effect. The performance of the Bat algorithm is analyzed and simulation study is presented. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through fast damping steady state deviations in power and frequency in the presence of step load disturbance.
IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2011
Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems are getting increasing interest in applications of power flow stabilization and control in the transmission network level. This trend is mainly supported by the rising integration of largescale renewable energy power plants into the high-power utility system and by major features of SMES units. In a SMES system, the power conditioning system (PCS) is the crucial component for controlling the power exchange between the superconducting coil and the ac system. The dynamics of the PCS directly influences the validity of the SMES in the dynamic control of the power system. This paper describes a novel PCS scheme of SMES to simultaneously perform both active and reactive power flow controls. Moreover, a detailed model of the SMES unit is derived and a three-level control scheme is designed, comprising a full decoupled current control strategy in the d-q reference frame with a novel controller to prevent PCS dc bus capacitors' voltage drift/imbalance. The dynamic performances of the proposed systems are fully validated by computer simulation.
2016
In this paper, coordinated control of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) in automatic generation control (AGC) of an interconnected two area multi-source (hydro-thermal-gas) power generation system in restructured environment is presented. The proposed method can improve the dynamic performance of AGC after the sudden load perturbation. The integral (I) and proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller gain of AGC is obtained by tuning the quadratic performance index using integral square error (ISE) technique. After deregulation, each area contains three GENCOS and three DISCOS. For describe bilateral contract for two areas AGC, DISCO participation matrix is used. Simulation result reveals that combination of SMES and PID controller reduces frequency deviation and gives faster settling time than without any energy storage devices.
2006
The operation security of the power system (PS) in case of contingencies is ensured by maintaining adequate "short-term generation reserve". This reserve must be appropriately activated by means of the primary frequency control (PFC), aiming at preserving the system frequency within acceptable limits during the transient. An alternative to effectively enhance the PFC and therefore the security is to use superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) in combination with flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) in such a way that active power can be injected, at a fast response, to the electric network. This paper studies the dynamic performance of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) integrated with SMES for improving the PFC. A model approach of the STATCOM/SMES system and a multilevel control scheme of the coordinated system are presented. Finally, technical analysis is performed to obtain conclusions about the benefits of using SMES devices in the PFC of the electric system
International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems, 2021
The load change in a synchronous generator (SG) based power generation system is common which will mainly influence the change in voltage, power flows, frequency, load angle and burden of transmission lines and transformers due to change in current flow. The study which analyses the behavior of load change, compensating devices and its impact on change in frequency and real power flow is termed as load frequency control. The generators like Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), SG are supplying power in one area, and a total of two areas are considered in this paper. The load change is done in area-1 only and a change in frequency is observed in both areas. Two cases, one with thyristor-based controller capacitor storage phase shifters (TCPS) and the other with a superconducting magnetic storage system and hybrid models of such are done and in another case, Flexible AC Transmission devices such as TCPS, SSSC, UPFC and IPFC are used. Earlier authors have shown that compared to battery and ultracapacitors, superconductor magnetic energy storage system (SMES) plays a vital role and few authors observed frequency regulation with different FACTS devices. Hence, we extended with SMES and FACTS devices and also in a coordinated manner to observe which combination gives better performance for the same disturbance. Using MATLAB software, the frequency change is observed in both cases, in the first case, TCPS is found better and in the second case, IPFC is found better in compensating the frequency change.
Energy Conversion and Management, 2007
Power systems security in the case of contingencies is ensured by maintaining adequate ''short-term generation reserve''. This reserve must be appropriately activated by means of the primary frequency control (PFC). Because the generation is an electro-mechanical process, the primary control reserve controllability is not as fast as required, especially by modern power systems. Since the new improvements achieved on the conventional control methods have not been enough to satisfy the high requirements established, the necessity of enhancing the performance of the PFC has arisen.