Effects of Moderate and Subsequent Progressive Weight Loss on Metabolic Function and Adipose Tissue Biology in Humans with Obesity (original) (raw)
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Obesity, 2018
Objective: Individuals who have "metabolically obese normal weight" (MONW) have an increased risk for cardiometabolic disease. Moderate weight loss has multiple benefits in people with obesity, but its effects in lean people are unknown. Thus, the effects of diet-induced 5% weight loss on body composition and metabolic function in MONW subjects were evaluated. Methods: Total body fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) volumes, intrahepatic and intramyocellular lipid contents, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), glucose tolerance, and postprandial insulin secretion and clearance rates (mixed meal with minimal modeling) were measured before and after 4.8% 6 0.5% weight loss in 11 MONW Asians (48 6 3 years old, six men and five women, BMI 22.7 6 0.4 kg/m 2).
Scientific Reports, 2019
The accumulation of fat, especially in visceral sites, is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases with altered cardiometabolic homeostasis. We studied how intensive long-term weight loss and subsequent weight regain affect physiological changes, by longitudinally interrogating the lipid metabolism and white blood cell transcriptomic markers in healthy, normal-weight individuals. The current study examined 42 healthy, young (age: 27.5 ± 4.0 years), normal-weight (body mass index, BMI: 23.4 ± 1.7 kg/m 2) female athletes, of which 25 belong to the weight loss and regain group (diet group), and 17 to the control group. Participants were evaluated, and fasting blood samples were drawn at three time points: at baseline (PRE); at the end of the weight loss period (MID: 21.1 ± 3.1 weeks after PRE); and at the end of the weight regain period (POST: 18.4 ± 2.9 weeks after MID). Following the weight loss period, the diet group experienced a ~73% reduction (~0.69 kg) in visceral fat mass (false discovery rate, FDR < 2.0 × 10 −16), accompanied by anti-atherogenic effects on transcriptomic markers, decreased low-grade inflammation (e.g., as α 1-acid glycoprotein (FDR = 3.08 × 10 −13) and hs-CRP (FDR = 2.44 × 10 −3)), and an increase in functionally important anti-atherogenic high-density lipoprotein-associated metabolites (FDR < 0.05). This occurred even though these values were already at favorable levels in these participants, who follow a fitness-lifestyle compared to age-and BMImatched females from the general population (n = 58). Following the weight regain period, most of the observed beneficial changes in visceral fat mass, and metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles dissipated. Overall, the beneficial anti-atherogenic effects of weight loss can be observed even in previously healthy, normal-weight individuals. Visceral fat accumulation in the abdominal area has been shown to alter metabolite profiles, and is a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases 1-3. Specifically, studies have reported that alterations in serum lipid levels and lipoprotein profiles, as well as levels of certain amino acids and inflammation biomarkers (e.g.,
Baseline inflammatory markers do not modulate the lipid response to weight loss
Metabolism, 2008
Recent studies have found that baseline inflammatory status affected the response of the lipid profile to diet intervention. The goal of this study was to determine whether baseline inflammatory status, as reflected in C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α, affected the lipid and insulin response to a weight loss intervention. A second goal was to determine whether inflammatory markers were related to traditional metabolic risk factors, such as lipids and insulin, in our sample of 190 overweight (body mass index, 27-30 kg/m 2 ) premenopausal women. Body composition, fat distribution, serum lipids, insulin sensitivity (Si), and markers of inflammation were assessed at baseline and after weight loss to body mass index b25 kg/m 2 . All measurements were taken after a 4-week period of weight maintenance. Mixed-model, repeated-measures analysis was used to determine whether the interaction of baseline inflammatory status and time was significant in determining the changes in metabolic risk factors (Si and lipids) with weight loss. Weight loss was associated with significant reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin, and increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and Si. Triglycerides were higher (P = .054) and Si lower (P = .057) with increasing C-reactive protein tertile. The interaction of baseline inflammatory status and time was not significant for any outcome variable of interest. These results do not support the hypothesis that baseline inflammatory status affects the lipid and insulin response to a weight loss intervention. However, in these young, healthy women, weight loss had a beneficial impact on both inflammatory status and risk factors for chronic metabolic disease.
European Journal of Nutrition, 2013
Objective To evaluate the effects of 5 % weight loss, through diet only or diet plus exercise, on lipid profile, inflammation and endothelial function in obese individuals. Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 48 obese individuals were randomized to either a diet only group (DI) or a diet and exercise group (DI ? EXE). Treatment was maintained until 5 % of the initial body weight was lost. At baseline and upon completion, the following parameters were analyzed: total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, highsensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation-FMD).
Objective To evaluate the effects of 5 % weight loss, through diet only or diet plus exercise, on lipid profile, inflammation and endothelial function in obese individuals. Methods In this randomized clinical trial, 48 obese individuals were randomized to either a diet only group (DI) or a diet and exercise group (DI ? EXE). Treatment was maintained until 5 % of the initial body weight was lost. At baseline and upon completion, the following parameters were analyzed: total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, highsensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation-FMD).
Effects of Weight Loss Among Metabolically Healthy Obese Men and Women
Diabetes Care, 2010
OBJECTIVE -Weight loss among metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals may be unnecessary or result in elevated cardio-metabolic risk. We studied the effects of exercise-or diet-induced weight loss on cardio-metabolic risk among MHO and metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) adults.
Effect of Weight Reduction on Inflammatory Mediators in Patients with and without Metabolic Syndrome
The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
Background: Obesity is now considered a low grade, chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Weight loss in obese and overweight subjects, achieved both by energy-restricted diet or surgery, was found to be a critical factor for reducing the level of inflammatory markers. Objective: To find if the effect of weight loss on inflammatory mediators in overweight and obese patients will be affected by the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: The final patient sample was (114) patients. According to BMI and presence or absence of MetS, they were divided into 4 groups: Group (1): overweight with MetS. Group (2): overweight without MetS. Group (3): obese with MetS. Group (4): obese without MetS. An eight-week program for weight reduction including dietary restrictions and physical activity was followed by all patients. Obesity parameters and inflammatory mediators were measured before and after weight reduction. Results: Adiponectin, TNFα and IL6 (the significantly different inflammatory mediators before the weight loss program) showed that the highest degree of significant difference was in TNFα between group 2 and 4. Delta change showed that after the weight loss program the changes were significant between the four groups in CRP, TNFα, and IL6. Group 2 and 3 were the only two groups showing significant difference in the 3 parameters. Conclusions: Presence of MetS augments the beneficial effect of weight loss in those patients in comparison to patients who lack the criteria of MetS.
Effects on cardiovascular risk factors of weight losses limited to 5–10 %
Translational Behavioral Medicine, 2015
Little is known about the cardiovascular effects of modest weight loss. To determine whether weight losses limited to 5-10 % are sufficient to produce cardiovascular health benefits, data from 401 overweight and obese adults who enrolled in a behavioral weight loss program from 2003 to 2011 were analyzed. Primary outcomes were changes in fasting glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Patients who lost 5-10 % showed significant reductions in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Patients who lost >10 % experienced significantly greater improvements in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol than patients losing less. For higher-risk patients, those who lost 5-10 % significantly reduced fasting glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol; those who lost >10 % improved on all risk factors (except HDL cholesterol) and to a significantly greater degree than those losing less. Five to 10 % weight losses produced improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, but greater weight losses were associated with even greater improvement.
Effect of moderate weight loss on hepatic, pancreatic and visceral lipids in obese subjects
Nutrition & diabetes, 2012
To compare the effects of weight loss on visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat, liver and pancreas lipid content and to test the effects of these changes on metabolic improvement observed after weight loss. Weight-loss program designed to achieve a loss of 7-10% of the initial weight. 24 obese subjects (13 males and 11 females) with age ranging from 26 to 69 years and body mass index (BMI) 30.2-50.5 kg m(-2). weight, BMI, waist circumference, body composition as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, metabolic variables, leptin, adiponectin, visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat, liver and pancreas lipid content as assessed by magnetic resonance were evaluated before and after weight loss achieved by hypocaloric diet. After a mean body weight decrease of 8.9%, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, all metabolic variables, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA), alanine amino transferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (...
British Journal of Nutrition, 2013
Evidence supports an important contribution of abdominal obesity and inflammation to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and CVD. Weight loss in obese individuals can reduce inflammation and, consequently, IR, but the role of training remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of body weight reduction with and without exercise over abdominal fat tissue (primary outcome) and IR. In this randomised clinical trial, forty-eight obese individuals (age 31·8 (sd 6·0) years, BMI 34·8 (sd 2·7) kg/m2) were randomised to either a diet-only group (DI) or a diet and exercise group (DI+EXE). Treatment was maintained until 5 % of the initial body weight was lost. At baseline and upon completion, the following parameters were analysed: biochemical parameters such as glycaemia and insulin for the determination of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and abdominal computed tomography for the determina...