Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Properties of Flavonoids from the Fruits of Black Mulberry (Morus nigra L.) (original) (raw)
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Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2006
The aqueous, ethanolic and chloroform extracts and two prenylated isoflavones: scandenone (I) and auriculasin (II), isolated from the fruits of Maclura pomifera (Rafin.) Schneider, were investigated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity. For the anti-inflammatory activity, both carrageenan-induced hind paw edema and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema models and for the antinociceptive activity, p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction test were used. Scandenone, the chloroform and the ethanolic extracts were shown to possess antinociceptive activity and anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model at 100 mg/kg dose. The same compound and the extract were also found to be highly active in (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema model whereas auriculasin and the H 2 O extract showed to be inactive in all of the assays.
BioMed Research International, 2013
Anthocyanins are flavonoids which demonstrated biological activities inin vivoandin vitromodels. Here in the anti-inflammatory properties of an anthocyanin-enriched fraction (AF) extracted from wild mulberry and the cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), the most abundant anthocyanin in diet, were studied in two acute inflammation experimental models, in the peritonitis and in the paw oedema assays, both of which were induced by carrageenan (cg) in mice. In each trial, AF and C3G (4 mg/100 g/animal) were orally administered in two distinct protocols: 30 min before and 1 h after cg stimulus. The administration of both AF and C3G suppresses the paw oedema in both administration times (P<0.05). In the peritonitis, AF and C3G reduced the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) influx in the peritoneal exudates when administered 1 h after cg injection. AF was more efficient reducing the PMN when administered 30 min before cg. Both AF and C3G were found to suppress mRNA as well as protein levels of CO...
Flavonoids as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Molecules: A Review
Molecules
Hydroxylated polyphenols, also called flavonoids, are richly present in vegetables, fruits, cereals, nuts, herbs, seeds, stems, and flowers of numerous plants. They possess numerous medicinal properties such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammation. Studies show that flavonoids activate antioxidant pathways that render an anti-inflammatory effect. They inhibit the secretions of enzymes such as lysozymes and β-glucuronidase and inhibit the secretion of arachidonic acid, which reduces inflammatory reactions. Flavonoids such as quercetin, genistein, apigenin, kaempferol, and epigallocatechin 3-gallate modulate the expression and activation of a cytokine such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8); regulate the gene expression of many pro-inflammatory molecules such s nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), inte...
Mechanism of Action of Flavonoids As Anti-Inflammatory Agents: a Review
Inflammation &# 38; …, 2009
INTRODUCTION Flavonoids [1] belong to a group of natural substances with variable phenolic structures and are found in fruit, vegetables, grains, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea and wine (Table 1). These natural products were known for their beneficial effects on health long ...
Background: Inflammation is a common risk factor in the pathogenesis of conditions such as infections, arthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cancer. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used traditionally to treat inflammation and related disorders such as pain, arthritis and stomach aches in southern Africa led to the selection of 25 plant species used in this study. Methods: The antioxidant activities of acetone extracts were determined by measuring the free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing ability, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were determined by measuring the inhibitory effect of the extracts on the activities of the pro-inflammatory enzyme, lipoxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Results: Extracts of Peltophorum africanum had good antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 4.67 ± 0.31 μg/mL and 7.71 ± 0.36 μg/mL compared to that of the positive control ascorbic acid (2.92 ± 0.14 μg/mL and 13.57 ± 0.44 μg/mL), using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) methods, respectively. The metabolism of linoleic acid to leukotriene derivatives by 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) was also inhibited by the crude acetone extracts of Peltophorum africanum (IC50 = 12.42 μg/mL), Zanthoxylum capense (IC50= 14.92 μg/mL) compared to the positive control quercetin (IC50 = 8.75 μg/mL). There was a poor correlation between the flavonoid content and 15-LOX inhibition by the extracts (R2 = 0.05), indicating that flavonoids are not involved in LOX inhibition. Extracts of Clausena anisata, at a concentration of 6.25 μg/mL inhibited nitric oxide production by RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines in vitro by 96 %. The extracts of Zanthoxylum capense were the least cytotoxic (IC50 > 1000 μg/mL) when the extract toxicity was determined against Vero (African green Monkey) kidney cell lines. Conclusion: Some plant species used traditionally to treat pain have reasonable anti-inflammatory activity and flavonoids are probably not involved in this process.
2011
The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-nociceptive properties of six Malaysian medicinal plants, including Carica papaya, Musa acuminata, Oenanthe javanica, Piper sarmentosum, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus and Sauropus androgynus were investigated. The anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic plant extracts were evaluated by using Griess assay on nitric oxide inhibitory activity upon IFN-γ γ γ γ/LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The antioxidant property and total phenolic content of the plant extracts were determined by using DPPH radical scavenging assay and Folin-Ciocalteu's assay, respectively. Anti-nociceptive activity of the plant extracts were evaluated by measuring the number of writhing response of mice upon acetic acid induction. All plant species showed significant nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity (IC 50 <61 µg/ml) without causing cytotoxicity to RAW 264.7 cells. Besides, all six plants exhibited different degree of antioxidant activities (IC 50 value, 86.74 ± 2.92 to 192.92 ± 2.60 µg/ml). The antioxidant activity might be due to the present of phenolic compounds (34.20 to 50.01 mg GA/g DW samples). Moreover, all plant species suppress the writhing response of mice at different degree of inhibition (10.65 to 43.12% inhibition) at concentration tested of 200 mg/kg. Thus, this study validates the traditional medicinal uses of the evaluated plant species in management of inflammation and free radical related disorders.
Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties of Prunus padus
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012
Blueberries are among the edible fruits that are recognized best for their potential health benefits. The crude extract from Vaccinium corymbosum was assessed in anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive models. The crude hydroalcoholic extract was administered orally at doses of 100, 200 or 300 mg kg −1 for all the assays. In the carrageenan test, the crude extract reduced rat paw oedema by 9.8, 28.5 and 65.9%, respectively. For the histamine assay, the reductions of oedema were 70.1, 71.7 and 81.9%, respectively. In the myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay, 300 mg kg −1 crude extract produced a significant inhibition of the MPO activity, at 6 h and 24 h after injection of carrageenan, by 42.8 and 46.2%, respectively. With the granulomatous tissue assay dexamethasone displayed significant activity, whereas the blueberry extract was inactive. For the abdominal constriction test, inhibitions of 49.0, 54.5, 53.5%, respectively, were observed for the crude extract, and 61.4% for indometacin. In the formalin test, the crude extract (200 and 300 mg kg −1) and indometacin inhibited only the second phase by 36.2, 35.3 and 45.8%, respectively. Considering that the crude extract of blueberry displayed antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activity, its consumption may be helpful for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Blueberries are among the edible fruits that are recognized best for their potential health benefits. Many of the health-promoting properties are thought to be attributable to their main group of bioactive compounds, which belong to the proanthocyanidin and anthocyanin classes (Faria et al 2005). In this regard, the chemical profile of plants belonging to the genus Vaccinium could be characterized mainly by the presence of anthocyanin compounds in the fruits, which are called blueberry due to the high content of these compounds. As a result, there has been growing interest in the anthocyanin content of some Vaccinium species with regards to its pharmacological properties, particularly the effects on blood vessels, its use in ophthalmology, and the potential inhibition of HIV (Cabrita & Andersen 1999). Anthocyanins are plant pigments responsible for the orange, red and blue colours of fruits, flowers, vegetables and other storage tissues in plants (Strack & Wray 1993). These compounds are involved in a wide range of biological activity (Kong et al 2003), including antioxidant (Mazza et al 2002), anti-inflammatory (Youdim et al 2002) and anticarcinogenic (Katsube et al 2003). Moreover, anthocyanins may also display neuroprotective action and the ability to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (Renaud & De Lorgeril 1992) through vasoprotective activity, effects on arterial vasomotion, and inhibition of platelet aggregation (Colanttuoni et al 1991). Anthocyanins from Vaccinium are used to enhance vision and to increase capillary resistance (Peterson & Dwyer 1998). In the literature there are many compounds of plant origin reported as possessing important biological activity, such as anti-inflammatory (Namiki 1990). The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum).
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2013
This study investigated the possible anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of ethanolic extract of Pedalium murex Linn. fruits in selected experimental animal models. Anti-inflammatory activity of Pedalium murex Linn., with doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, p.o., was evaluated by Lambda-carrageenan induced paw oedema in Wistar albino rats; analgesic activity with doses of 280 mg/kg and 560 mg/kg, p.o., was evaluated by hot plate method and acetic acid induced writhing method in Swiss albino mice; and antipyretic activity with doses of 110 mg/kg and 220 mg/kg, p.o., was evaluated in New Zealand white rabbits by injecting gram-ve lipopolysaccharide obtained from E. coli. Results were analysed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnet's multiple comparison test. Pedalium murex Linn. showed significant anti-inflammatory activity from 15 min to 180 min as compared to vehicle treated animals. It was comparable to diclofenac sodium at 180 min. The extract did not prolong the reaction time on hot plate method but significantly reduced the number of writhing after acetic acid administration. Also the extract did not show any antipyretic activity on lipopolysaccharide induced pyrexia. It is therefore concluded that the ethanolic extract of Pedalium murex Linn. fruits has an anti-inflammatory and peripheral analgesic effects.
Borneo Journal of Pharmacy
The black mulberry (Morus nigra) plant has been widely developed for its bioactivity as natural medicine. This study evaluated plant extracts' total phenolic and flavonoid content and their correlation to M. nigra stem's antioxidant activity and toxicity. Dry powder from the M. nigra stem was extracted by maceration with 96% ethanol to obtain a thick extract (TE) and fractionated using hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), and ethanol-aqueous (EF). The samples were analyzed for a compound using reagents and the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content. The samples were evaluated for antioxidant activity using several parameters and their cytotoxic effects using the BSLT method. Identification of compounds in EAF was confirmed to contain phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids. EAF showed higher phenolic and flavonoid content than others. The evaluation of antioxidant activity showed that extracts and fractions from M. nigra stems...