International Journal of Biological & Pharmaceutical Research ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOUNDS FROM MACARANGA PELTATA AGAINST CLINICAL ISOLATES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (original) (raw)

Preliminary Screening of Antimicrobial Activity of some selected Plant Extracts on Clinical Sample of Staphylococcus aureus

Journal of Applied Research and Technology

A comparative evaluation of the Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extracts of three ethno-medicinal plants on a clinical sample of staphylococcus aureus was conducted in Botany Laboratory of the Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, in 2012. Leaves of Chromolaena odorata, Irvingia gabonensis and fruits of Piper nigrum were collected in the wild, air dried and grounded into powder form. The extraction of compounds and phytochemical screening to determine active ingredients was by soxhlet's extraction methods. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were evaluated using the plate dilution method at concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg/mL - 2.0 mg/mL ethanolic extract relative to control. Results showed presence of alkaloids in all the three plants. Saponins were completely absent in Piper nigrum but contained steroids with tannins completely absent in Chromolaena odorata. Test organism was sensitive to the three plant extracts. Relative mean colony count of t...

Phytochemical Evaluation and in Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of

2020

Corresponding author: aminamuhammad243@gmail.com ABSTRACT The use of Senna alata to treat wide range of microbial diseases in traditional medicinal practice, coupled with instant growing demand of plant based drugs call for this research, which aimed at evaluating the phytochemical content and antimicrobial effect of the ethanolic leaf extract of Senna alata. The extract was subjected to phytochemical screening using standard procedures, and the antimicrobial activity against three (3) bacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aerugenosa) and two (2) fungal isolates, (Candida Albicans and Microsporum canis.) were tested using Kirby bauer disc diffusion method. Phytochemical screening shows the presence of alkaloids, saponins, steroid, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides in the plant extract. The ethanolic extract of Senna alata showed antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition diameter of 15mm, 10mm and 7.0mm on Escherichia Coli, Stap...

A review on medicinal plant extracts and their active ingredients against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology

Staphylococcus aureus is among the pathogens capable of developing a broad spectrum of infections in human beings. In addition to the hospital, the bacterium is present in the community and has a high resistance to antibiotics, which is also increasing on an ongoing basis. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotic family is one of the concerns about the bacterium that has encountered the treatment of such infections with difficulty. Due to the increased resistance and importance of this bacterium, new strategies are needed to control this pathogen. One of these approaches is the use of medicinal plants, which has attracted many researchers in the last decade. Several studies have been carried out or are being designed using various herbs to find active ingredients to deal with this bacterium. The aim of this study was to present the antibacterial activity of different medicinal plants and the effects of their active ingredients on methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus an...

Antimicrobial and phytochemical analysis of some indigenous plants

World Researchers Associations, 2019

The antimicrobial activity of the extracts of the Calotropis procera, Datura metel, Cuscuta reflexa, Pongamia pinnata and Nerium oleander has been studied against the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aureuginosa, Klebsiella pneumoiniae, Paenibacillus and Bacilus subtilis. Significant antibacterial activity was observed with extract of ethanol, methanol and chloroform. The ethanol extract of D. metel showed maximum antibacterial activity against the all tested bacteria except the P. aureuginosa. Aqueous extract showed no measurable antibacterial activity. Inhibition was seen as concentration dependent phenomenon. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavanoids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, phenol and saponin.

Determination of In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Five Sri Lankan Medicinal Plants against Selected Human Pathogenic Bacteria

International Journal of Microbiology, 2019

Introduction. Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest threats of the 21 st century. Scientists search for potential antimicrobial sources that can cope with antibiotic resistance. Plants used in traditional medicine can be identified as potential candidates for the synthesis of novel drug compounds to act against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Objective. To determine the potential antimicrobial effects of ethanol, aqueous, and hexane extracts of five Sri Lankan medicinal plants against four human pathogens. Methods. Asparagus falcatus (tubers), Asteracantha longifolia (whole plant), Vetiveria zizanioides (roots), Epaltes divaricata (whole plant), and Coriandrum sativum (seeds) were used in the study. Plant extracts were screened against four clinically important Grampositive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603). Antibacterial activity of plant extracts were monitored using the agar disc diffusion method. Eight concentrations of each positive plant extract were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by 5-fold dilution of plant extracts yielding a serial dilution of the original extract. Results. Ethanol, aqueous, and hexane extracts of E. divaricata gave the maximum zones of inhibition of 16.3 mm, 7.4 mm, and 13.7 mm and MIC values of 0.48 mg/ml, 1.2 mg/ml, and 1.6 mg/ml, respectively, against S. aureus. Ethanol and hexane extracts of V. zizanioides gave the maximum zones of inhibition of 12.1 mm and 11.4 mm and MIC values 2.4 mg/ml and 0.003 mg/ml, respectively, against S. aureus. None of the other plants were effective against any microorganism used for the study. Conclusions. It can be concluded that E. divaricata and V. zizanioides crude ethanol, aqueous, and hexane extracts exhibited significant in vitro antibacterial activity against S. aureus, and the active compounds isolated from them can be potential sources for the synthesis of antibacterial drugs.

The Antibacterial Effect of Some Medicinal Plant Extracts and their Synergistic Effect with Antibiotic and Non-antibiotic Drugs

I In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful II DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains neither materials previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree of the university or other institutes, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text. ABSTRACT The aim of the study was assess the antibacterial effect of some medicinal plant extracts and their synergistic antibiotic and non-antibiotic drugs against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract of medicinal plants were prepared using Soxhlet apparatus for alcoholic extract, and water reflux for aqueous extracts. The antibacterial activities of extracts were evaluated using the disk diffusion method as well as well diffusion method; the inhibitory zones were recorded in millimeters. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were assessed using microdilution method. The synergistic effect between plants and extraction of antibiotics and / or Non-antibiotic drugs was assessed using disk diffusion method. The results of this study showed that ethanolic extracts used against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were showed antimicrobial and synergistic effect with most antibiotics better than methanolic and aquatic extracts.Water extracts were showed synergistic effect with the Paracetamol and Loperamide Hcl better than methanolic and ethanolic extracts against E. coli and S. aureus. Ethanolic extracts were showed synergistic effect with the Paracetamol and Loperamide Hcl better than methanolic and aquatic extracts against P. aeruginosa. The results of this study showed that there is a decrease in MIC in case of methanolic extract of E. camaldulensis against E. coli (3.125 mg/ml), and the methanol and aquatic extract of F. sycomorus (leaves) against S.aureus varying from 6.25 to 3.125 mg/ml, and the ethanol extract of E. camaldulensis against P. areuginosa (6.25 mg/ml). Thereby, our results indicate the possibility of using these extracts in the treatment of bacterial infections, and the results of this study was encouraging, despite the need for clinical studies to determine of the real effectiveness and potential toxic effects in vivo. These results was revealed the importance of plant extracts when associated with antibiotic and Non-antibiotic drugs in control of bacteria.

Antimicrobial Potency of Methanolic Leaf Extracts from Selected Medicinal Plants against Staphylococcus aureus

The main aim of the study was to test for the antimicrobial potency of Aloe secundiflora, Bulbine frutescens, Tagetes minuta and Vernonia lasiopus against Staphylococcus aureus. All the plants showed a pronounced antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with Tagetes minuta being the most active at low concentrations (MIC 8.9 mg/ml; MBC 10.0 mg/ml) whereas Vernonia lasiopus showing less activity (MIC 12.2 mg/ml; MBC 14.2 mg/ml). The efficacy test was carried out using the disc diffusion method. The standard antibiotics used were ciprofloxacin (5 µg/ml) and vancomycin (3 µg/ml) showed significant antimicrobial activity by producing zones of inhibition of 22 mm and 25 mm respectively. Dimethyl sulphoxide and distilled water were used as negative control. The extracts from the plants were also screened for the presence of phytochemicals with the results showing the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins in all the extracts. The study suggested that the selected medicinal plants can be used effectively in the treatment of bacterial infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

A Comparison of the Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Activity of Extracts from Commonly Used Medicinal Plants

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2014

Background: Resurgences of Staphylococcus aureus infection continue globally, with antibiotic resistance increasing dramatically, making these infections more difficult to treat. S. aureus epidemics impose public health threats, and economic burdens on health care costs worldwide, presenting challenges modern medicine struggles to control. Objective: In order to answer today's call for effective treatments against S. aureus, we evaluated and compared various botanical extracts that have historically been suggested as useful for their antimicrobial properties against S. aureus. Design: Briefly, S. aureus cultures were treated with selected botanical extracts and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined. In addition, to obtain more quantitative measures on bacterial growth, 24-hour growth studies were done to examine the temporal activity and stability of various botanicals on bacterial replication. Results: The antimicrobial activity observed for the botanical extracts used in this comparative evaluation of efficacy included both bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal activity against S. aureus. Highly effective botanicals including Salvia officinalis, Eucalyptus globulus, Coleus forskohlii, Coptis chinensis, Turnera diffusa, and Larrea tridentata exhibited MIC values ranging from 60 to 300 lg/mL and a 10 6-fold reduction in bacterial replication. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Allium sativum were slightly less effective, exhibiting MIC values ranging from 90 to 400 lg/mL and a 10 5-fold reduction, while Anemopsis californica gave MIC value of 360 lg/mL and a 10 4-fold reduction in bacterial replication. Many botanicals, especially at lower doses, had an initial inhibitory effect followed by a recovery in bacterial replication. Such botanicals included E. globulus, C. chinensis, T. diffusa, A. californica, and Berberis vulgaris. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that S. officinalis, E. globulus, C. forskohlii, A. uva-ursi, C. chinensis, T. diffusa, A. californica, A. sativum, and L. tridentata all show promising direct antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. For many of these botanicals, strong bacteriocidal activity was observed at higher concentrations, but even at lower concentrations, bacteriostatic activity was evident. Other botanicals including B. vulgaris, Baptisia tinctoria, and Glycyrrhiza glabra showed moderate activity against S. aureus, while Schisandra chinensis, Echinacea angustifolia, and Polygonum multiflorum were shown to be ineffective.

Phytochemical investigations and antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants against pathogenic bacteria

The antibacterial activity of various solvent extracts of medicinal plants was evaluated against the human pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter aerogenes and Staphylococcus aureus by agar cup diffusion method. Methanol extracts of Clerodendrum inerme L., Terminalia chebula Retz., Curcuma amada Roxb., Anacardium occidentale L., Duranta repens L., Eucalyptus camaldulenis Dehnh and Euphorbia cotinifolia L. showed significant activity. The petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of Terminalia chebula, Curcuma amada and Piper betel also showed promising results. The antibacterial activity of promising plant extracts when compared with standard drugs streptomycin and gentamycin recorded siginificant inhibition. Phytochemical analysis of the different extracts of the screened plants indicated the presence of flavanoids, terpinoids, tannins steriodas, alkaloids and glysocides. The positive results of screening of medicinal plants for antibacterial activity forms primary platform for further phytochemical and pharmacological studies.

Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plants and the Biological Effects of Selected Plants on Staphylococcus Aureus

2015

Several natural products especially secondary metabolites have formed the basis of medicines, although it's been often difficult to justify the presence of these compounds in the biochemistry of plant; this as posited by Cragg et al., in their presentation on Ethnobotany and the Search for New Drugs, Ciba Foundation Symposium draws a challenge to scientists. It has been suggested that these compounds may have been synthesized by the plants as part of the defense system of the plant; a good example is that plants are known to produce phytoalexins as a response to attack by bacteria and fungi. Cragg and Newmann in Biodiversity: A continuing source or novel drug leads, support this though stating that the compound produced provides an invaluable resource that has been used to find new drug molecules This paper is set to identify the antimicrobial activity of these medicinal plants and their biological effects. The sampled out plant extracts include Thymus vulgaris, Berberis vulgari...