Comparison of the Effects of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco “Maras Powder” Use on Pulmonary Function, Electrocardiogram and Other Parameters (original) (raw)

Smokeless Tobacco and Its Ill-Effects: Recent Literature Update

Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology

According to the Global Adult Tobacco Survey part 2 (GATS-2), approximately 200 million adult Indians consume smokeless tobacco (SLT). Circumvention of SLT product ban has been observed. We conducted a review of the literature to summarize the ill effects of tobacco for the articles published from 2019 to 2020. A systematic search of the databases PubMed (2019 onward) and Web of Science (2019 onward), through February 2021 was done. Search yielded 1,061 articles and after excluding articles based on the inclusion criteria, 37 articles were taken in to consideration. The review shows that differential SLT product has specific odds of oral carcinogenesis. Review also indicates the emerging data of cardiovascular risk due to higher use of SLT products along with its known cause of oral cancer. It also cautions about the adverse consequences of pregnancy associated with SLT use.

Otorhinolaryngolojical Symtoms Among Smokeless Tobacco (Maras Powder) Users

Northern Clinics of Istanbul, 2018

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between smokeless tobacco (Maras Powder) consumption and otorhinolaryngological symptoms. METHODS: This descriptive study was carried on a total of 599 participants. The participatns were divided into two groups. Of these, 299 (49.9%) patients aged over 18 years were the first group who have used smokeless tobacco for at least 5 years and the rest were the second group which included 300 (50.1%) healthy volunteers who did not use tobacoo or its products and demonstrated similarities to first group. For data collection a questionnaire consisting of 45 questions was applied to the participants. RESULTS: Cough, sputum, shortness of breath, dysphagia, snore and apnea-hypopnea were found to be significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users. The highest odds ratio was found for sputum as 2.615. Similarly oral cavity symptoms, such as mouth tickling, dryness of throat, mouth sores, halitosis, taste disorders and toothache were found to be significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users. It is noteworthy that halitosis was 9.4 times more among smokeless tobacco users than the non tobacco user group. Sinonasal symptoms such as sneeze, headache, facial fullness and anorexia were found to be significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users. However there were no differences between groups in terms of ear symptoms. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the negative effect of smokeless tobacco consumption was greater particularly in the oral cavity and in addition gave a rise to a number of serious upper respiratory tract complaints.

Otorhinolaryngological symptoms among smokeless tobacco (Maras powder) users

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between smokeless tobacco (maras powder) consumption and otorhinolaryngological symptoms. METHODS: This descriptive study was carried out on 599 participants. The participants were divided into two groups. Of these, 299 (49.9%) patients aged over 18 years were the first group; they used smokeless tobacco for at least 5 years. The remaining patients comprised the second group, which included 300 (50.1%) healthy volunteers who did not use tobacco or its products and demonstrated some similarities with the first group. For the purpose of data collection, a questionnaire consisting of 45 questions was administered to the participants. RESULTS: Cough, sputum, shortness of breath, dysphagia, snoring, and apnea-hypopnea were found to be significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users. The highest odds ratio (OR) found was for sputum at 2.615. Similarly, other oral cavity symptoms such as mouth tickling, dryness of throat, mouth sores, halitosis, taste disorders, and toothache were found to be significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users. It is noteworthy that halitosis was 9.4 times more prevalent among smokeless tobacco users than in the non-tobacco users. Sinonasal symptoms such as sneezing, headache, facial fullness, and anorexia were found to be significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users. However, there were no differences between the groups in terms of ear symptoms. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the negative effects of smokeless tobacco consumption were particularly higher in the oral cavity, which in turn gave rise to a number of serious upper respiratory tract complaints.

Epidemiological Study of Health Parameters in Smokeless Tobacco Consumers

2020

Objective: The study is a representation of a cohort population from a socio-economically low background indulging in the consumption of smokeless tobacco in Southern Mumbai, India. The study was undertaken to compile the data from a self-designed Questionnaire and to identify and study the inter-relationship between parameters like triggers to consumption, oral habits and tobacco consumption frequency as contributing factors to Oral and Dental Problems and mental health in Smokeless Tobacco Consuming cohort. Methods: The project was conducted in the Southern part of Mumbai city, India. The cohort consisted of 45 tobacco consuming respondents, 3 non consumers and 2 respondents who quit the habit for more than a year. All respondents belonged to a socioeconomically lower background of a working class consisting of cab drivers and local vendors. Results: The study revealed that 80% of the population faced severe dental problems due to the consumption of tobacco. Out of which, 20% said...

The Reasons for Using Smokeless Tobacco: A Review

Iranian Journal of Public Health, 2021

Background: Smokeless tobacco use is a public health problem in some parts of the world. The major objective of this study was to investigate the reasons and factors of consumption. Methods: A content analysis was conducted on articles for the past thirty years (1989-2019). We reviewed and selected 400 abstracts of original articles from PubMed databases by the search strategy, and reviewed one by one. Among these, 45 abstracts were selected, in which the patterns of use, the reasons for using, and the determinants and predictors were described. Eleven papers were selected based on the results and related to the research objectives. The results of these articles were evaluated precisely word by word and phrase by phrase with content analysis method and inductive approach. Results: The reasons for the use of smokeless tobacco fell in two main themes: socio-cultural structure; and, beliefs, each contained Sub-themes such as "culture and living conditions", "laws", ...

Effects of Smokeless Tobacco “Maras Powder” Use on Nitric Oxide and Cardiovascular Risk Parameters

International Journal of Medical Sciences, 2012

In Turkey, "Maras Powder," which is a kind of powder yielded from the shields of tobacco, is widely used as smokeless tobacco through buccal mucosa or together with cigarette. Maras powder, composed of ash and a plant named Nicotiana Rustica Linn, is sometimes used to give up smoking. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of Maras powder use on respiratory functions of healthy subjects who do not have any chronic disease. We found statistically significant differences in percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1 %) (p = 0.001), the ratio of FEV 1 to forced vital capacity (FEV 1 /FVC) (p = 0.024), percent of maximum expiratory flow rate (FEF 25-75 %) (p = 0.002) and percent of peak expiratory flow (PEF%) (p = 0.037) between cigarette smokers with Maras powder use (n = 23) and control subjects (n = 24). Likewise, when cigarette smokers (n = 24) and control subjects were compared, the differences for all these parameters were significant (p = 0.022, p = 0.048, p = 0.011 and p = 0.047, respectively). Only FEV 1 % and FEF 25-75 % were significantly lower in cigarette smokers with Maras powder use than in Maras powder users (n = 28) (p = 0.011 and p = 0.022, respectively). There was a negative correlation between forced vital capacity and Maras powder use (r = −0.315, p = 0.03). The present study suggests that Maras powder does not cause serious bronchial obstruction. This may be due to usage of the smokeless tobacco through buccal mucosa but not through inhalation as in case of cigarette smoking. Maras powder; cigarette; pulmonary function tests; smokeless tobacco

Health Effects of Smokeless Tobacco

Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, 1987

Smokeless tobacco is used all over the world. It is usually used orally either as chewing tobacco or as snuff. In 1985, 12 million persons in the United States used smokeless tobacco and the trend is increasing among young males. There is srrong association between smokeless tobacco use and cancers of the oral cavity. There may be a fifty-/ old increased risk of oral cancers among long term snuff dippers. Potent carcinogens including nitrosamines, aromatic hydrocarbons and radiation-emitting polonium are found in tobacco. Smokeless tobacco is associated with oral leukoplakia at the site of tobacco placement. Some leukoplakias undergo dysplastic changes and may become cancerous. Nicotine dependency is very similar to other drugs such as morphine. The effects of nicotine from smokeless tobacco are similar to those as seen in cigarette smoking and are not discussed in this review.

Prevalence of Habit of Tobacco and their Effects: A Clinical Study

Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research, 2016

NTRODUCTION Consumption of various tobacco products is since 600 AD. It is becoming an upcoming trend for today's world. It causes both premalignant lesions and conditions depending upon type of usage. Tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world. 1 The death toll from tobacco consumption is now 4.9 million people a year. If the present consumption pattern continues, the number of deaths will increase to 10 million by the year 2020. 2 Chewing, smoking, and consumption of alcoholic beverages have become a common social habit in India. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a wide variety in prevalence rates in oral lesions in different population due to various habits. 3 Tobacco habit is prevalent both in males and females however higher tendency in males as compare to females. Furthermore, the prevalence was higher among the rural population and those with no formal education. It has been reported that the oral mucosal disease may affect 25-50% of individuals having various habits, depending on the population studied. 4 It is available in smoking and smokeless tobacco. Cigarette smoking is more common in urban than rural area. It is available in different forms like pan, pan masala, khaini, mishri, zarda, mawa, supari. 5 Smokeless tobacco contains, arecanut, tobacco, catechu, slaked lime. It causes various lesions like Access this article online Quick Response Code