Otorhinolaryngolojical Symtoms Among Smokeless Tobacco (Maras Powder) Users (original) (raw)
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Otorhinolaryngological symptoms among smokeless tobacco (Maras powder) users
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between smokeless tobacco (maras powder) consumption and otorhinolaryngological symptoms. METHODS: This descriptive study was carried out on 599 participants. The participants were divided into two groups. Of these, 299 (49.9%) patients aged over 18 years were the first group; they used smokeless tobacco for at least 5 years. The remaining patients comprised the second group, which included 300 (50.1%) healthy volunteers who did not use tobacco or its products and demonstrated some similarities with the first group. For the purpose of data collection, a questionnaire consisting of 45 questions was administered to the participants. RESULTS: Cough, sputum, shortness of breath, dysphagia, snoring, and apnea-hypopnea were found to be significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users. The highest odds ratio (OR) found was for sputum at 2.615. Similarly, other oral cavity symptoms such as mouth tickling, dryness of throat, mouth sores, halitosis, taste disorders, and toothache were found to be significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users. It is noteworthy that halitosis was 9.4 times more prevalent among smokeless tobacco users than in the non-tobacco users. Sinonasal symptoms such as sneezing, headache, facial fullness, and anorexia were found to be significantly increased in smokeless tobacco users. However, there were no differences between the groups in terms of ear symptoms. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the negative effects of smokeless tobacco consumption were particularly higher in the oral cavity, which in turn gave rise to a number of serious upper respiratory tract complaints.
Smokeless Tobacco and Its Ill-Effects: Recent Literature Update
Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology
According to the Global Adult Tobacco Survey part 2 (GATS-2), approximately 200 million adult Indians consume smokeless tobacco (SLT). Circumvention of SLT product ban has been observed. We conducted a review of the literature to summarize the ill effects of tobacco for the articles published from 2019 to 2020. A systematic search of the databases PubMed (2019 onward) and Web of Science (2019 onward), through February 2021 was done. Search yielded 1,061 articles and after excluding articles based on the inclusion criteria, 37 articles were taken in to consideration. The review shows that differential SLT product has specific odds of oral carcinogenesis. Review also indicates the emerging data of cardiovascular risk due to higher use of SLT products along with its known cause of oral cancer. It also cautions about the adverse consequences of pregnancy associated with SLT use.
Health Effects of Smokeless Tobacco
Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, 1987
Smokeless tobacco is used all over the world. It is usually used orally either as chewing tobacco or as snuff. In 1985, 12 million persons in the United States used smokeless tobacco and the trend is increasing among young males. There is srrong association between smokeless tobacco use and cancers of the oral cavity. There may be a fifty-/ old increased risk of oral cancers among long term snuff dippers. Potent carcinogens including nitrosamines, aromatic hydrocarbons and radiation-emitting polonium are found in tobacco. Smokeless tobacco is associated with oral leukoplakia at the site of tobacco placement. Some leukoplakias undergo dysplastic changes and may become cancerous. Nicotine dependency is very similar to other drugs such as morphine. The effects of nicotine from smokeless tobacco are similar to those as seen in cigarette smoking and are not discussed in this review.
The Reasons for Using Smokeless Tobacco: A Review
Iranian Journal of Public Health, 2021
Background: Smokeless tobacco use is a public health problem in some parts of the world. The major objective of this study was to investigate the reasons and factors of consumption. Methods: A content analysis was conducted on articles for the past thirty years (1989-2019). We reviewed and selected 400 abstracts of original articles from PubMed databases by the search strategy, and reviewed one by one. Among these, 45 abstracts were selected, in which the patterns of use, the reasons for using, and the determinants and predictors were described. Eleven papers were selected based on the results and related to the research objectives. The results of these articles were evaluated precisely word by word and phrase by phrase with content analysis method and inductive approach. Results: The reasons for the use of smokeless tobacco fell in two main themes: socio-cultural structure; and, beliefs, each contained Sub-themes such as "culture and living conditions", "laws", ...
Health effects associated with smokeless tobacco: a systematic review
Thorax, 2003
Background: It is believed that health risks associated with smokeless tobacco (ST) use are lower than those with cigarette smoking. A systematic review was therefore carried out to summarise these risks. Methods: Several electronic databases were searched, supplemented by screening reference lists, smoking related websites, and contacting experts. Analytical observational studies of ST use (cohorts, case-control, cross sectional studies) with a sample size of >500 were included if they reported on one or more of the following outcomes (all cause mortality, oral and pharyngeal cancers, other cancers, cardiovascular diseases, dental diseases, pregnancy outcomes, surgical outcomes). Data extraction covered control of confounding, selection of cases and controls, sample size, clear definitions and measurements of the health outcome, and ST use. Selection, extraction and quality assessments were carried out by one or two independent reviewers. Results: A narrative review was carried out. Many of the studies lacked sufficient power to estimate precise risks, mainly due to the small number of ST users. Studies were often not designed to investigate ST use, and many also had major methodological limitations including poor control for cigarette smoking and imprecise measurements of exposure. Studies in India showed a substantial risk of oral or oropharyngeal cancers associated with chewing betel quid and tobacco. Studies from other regions and of other cancer types were not consistent. Few studies have adequately considered the non-cancer health effects of ST use. Conclusions: Chewing betel quid and tobacco is associated with a substantial risk of oral cancers in India. Most recent studies from the US and Scandinavia are not statistically significant, but moderate positive associations cannot be ruled out due to lack of power. Further rigorous studies with adequate sample sizes are required, especially for cardiovascular disease.
Epidemiological Study of Health Parameters in Smokeless Tobacco Consumers
2020
Objective: The study is a representation of a cohort population from a socio-economically low background indulging in the consumption of smokeless tobacco in Southern Mumbai, India. The study was undertaken to compile the data from a self-designed Questionnaire and to identify and study the inter-relationship between parameters like triggers to consumption, oral habits and tobacco consumption frequency as contributing factors to Oral and Dental Problems and mental health in Smokeless Tobacco Consuming cohort. Methods: The project was conducted in the Southern part of Mumbai city, India. The cohort consisted of 45 tobacco consuming respondents, 3 non consumers and 2 respondents who quit the habit for more than a year. All respondents belonged to a socioeconomically lower background of a working class consisting of cab drivers and local vendors. Results: The study revealed that 80% of the population faced severe dental problems due to the consumption of tobacco. Out of which, 20% said...
Smokeless Tobacco: Insight on Prevalence of Oral Manifestation
Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clínica Integrada
Objective: To determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among smokeless tobacco users of Pakistani Population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of six months (from July 2017 to January 2018) at Dental Outpatient department of Sindh, via aid of a validated custom-made questionnaire. Random sampling technique was adopted among patients attending dental Outpatient Departments, making use of OPEN API online software determining sample size as 289, with limitation included exclusion of pregnant women, edentulous individuals, children under age of 18 years and those having oral manifestations associated with any systemic disease. Statistical analysis included Logistic Regression and Chi-square for determining odds' ratio and possible associations. Results: Logistic regression model 71% predicted discoloration of buccal mucosa 206 times in absence of any predictor variable. Discoloration of oral tissues was prevalent among individuals who chewed tobacco at least 6 times or more in a day. Periodontal associated damage was also prevalent among 6 times/day and more tobacco chewers. Statistically significant values were for normal buccal mucosa 06-10 times (p=0.007), white patch on buccal mucosa 11-15 times (p=0.0043) and swelled buccal mucosa 11-15 times (p=0.002). Conclusion: This study has demonstrated specific smokeless tobacco associated oral lesions. Further studies nationwide, addressing attributes of socioeconomic status and ethnicity with respect to composition of smokeless tobacco will reveal more conclusive findings.
European Archives of Medical Research
Objective: Through the years, tobacco has been used in many ways. While the most common way of consumption is through smoking cigarettes, smokeless use by chewing or nasal snuffing are also quite common. Smokeless tobacco, also named "Maras powder", is generally used as a substitute to reduce or quit smoking. The effects of smokeless tobacco use on the immune system, respiratory system and cardiovascular system have been extensively researched. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Maras powder on the respiratory, electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and biochemical methods. Methods: One hundred and forty-nine cases were included and the cases were classified into the following four groups: only using Maras powder; using Maras powder and smoking; only smoking and control group neither smoking nor using Maras powder. Physical examination findings, ECG findings, results of pulmonary function tests, results of biochemical analysis including complete blood count and lipid profile of all participants were recorded on admission. Results: The risk of mouth sores was 7.9 times higher in the Maras powder group due to direct contact to the oral mucosa. There is a relationship between the daily use frequency of smokeless tobacco and the development of oral wounds, but the total period of use or the duration in mouth was not related to this situation. The ECG findings of both the smoking and Maras powder consuming group was found to be significantly higher than the control group. Conclusion: The smokeless tobacco use, which is considered as an alternative way of quitting smoking, does not have adverse effects on respiratory functions. However, it is an important risk factor for many life-threatening health conditions such as ECG abnormalities and occurrence of oral lesions. Social awareness must be created for smokeless tobacco use in order to fight this habitual threat to public health.
The health impact of smokeless tobacco products: a systematic review
Harm Reduction Journal
Introduction The objective was to systematically review studies on health outcomes from smokeless tobacco (SLT) products. Methods We analysed published literature on the health outcomes from SLT use between 01/01/2015 to 01/02/2020, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results Of 53 studies included, six were global, 32 from Asia, Middle East and Africa (AMEA), nine from USA and six from Europe. ‘Poor’-rated studies predominated (23;43%), in particular, for global (4;66%) and AMEA (16;50%). Health outcomes differed between SLT-products and regions; those in AMEA were associated with higher mortality (overall, cancer, Coronary heart disease (CHD), respiratory but not cardiovascular disease (CVD)), and morbidity (CVD, oral and head and neck cancers), with odds ratios up to 38.7. European studies showed no excess mortality (overall, CVD, from cancers) or morbidity (ischemic heart...
Oral mucosal changes related to smokeless tobacco usage: Research findings in Scandinavia
European Journal of Cancer Part B: Oral Oncology, 1993
Smokeless tobacco is used in all Scandinavian countries. By far the highest consumption is recorded in Sweden, where the highest sales figures in the world can be found. Moist non-fermented snuff with a pH value of 8-9 comprises over 99% of the products. Only a few tons per year of chewing tobacco are sold. Moist snufF as it is used in Scandinavia today gives rise to oral mucosal changes which are reversible after cessation of the habit. The use of portion-bags, and even more so the use of chewing tobacco, seems to be associated with less pronounced changes than the use of loose snuff. The daily amount of snuff used and hours of daily use seem to have a greater impact on the risk for development of more pronounced changes as recorded clinically and histologically than the number of years with the habit and/or age of the subject. Gingival recessions are much more frequently found among users of loose snuff than among users of portion-bag-packed snuff and they seem to be irreversible.