The Cytotoxic Principles of Solanum incanum (original) (raw)
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Pharmacognosy Journal, 2014
Background The LIM-1863 Cell Line is one of the colon cancer types considered to be responsible for a high rate of deaths, and the glycoalkaloids being natural substances existing in the Solanum species have anticancer effects. Objective This research aims at studying the effect of the glycoalkaloids on viability of the LIM-1863 cancerous cells in-vitro. Materials and Methods The glycoalkaloids in this study are extracted by the ultrasonic waves technique and detecting them by the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) in addition to incubating of the LIM-1863 cells with different concentrations of the glycoalkaloids for 48 hours and then assessing of the cell viability using the MTT assay.Results The findings showed that the glycoalkaloids have a toxic effect on the LIM-1863 cells and that half of the inhibiting concentration (IC 50) of the Solanum fruits extract: (Solanum nigrum L.), (Solanum villosum Mill.) and (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) on the LIM-1863 cells have the (164.7, 35.91 and 12.14 µg/ml) values successively. Conclusion The observations indicated that the glycoalkaloids are able to inhibit the colon cancer cell proliferation.
Ethno medicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of solanum incanum (lin.)
Solanum incanum is used in Africa and other parts of world as a folklore remedy for various ailments that include; sore throat, angina, stomach ache, ear inflammation, snake bites, wounds, liver disorders, skin ailments (ringworm), warts, inflammatory conditions, painful periods and fever. Phytochemical studies of this herb indicate that it contains substances such as steroidal alkaloids, glyco-alkaloids, antioxidants (flavonoids and chlorogenics), saponins and even carcinogenic substances. The herbal extract posses antinociceptive, antipyretic, anti-spasmolytic, orexic, anorexic, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, anti-schistosomal, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer activity. The herb is therefore likely to be a major source of novel, affordable and effective therapeutic substances against myriad ailments afflicting people in the world. This review explores the phyto-pharmacological effects of the S. incanum and compiles vital information that may assist researchers on what is known about this herb and gaps for further investigation.
BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2018
Solanum aculeastrum fruits are used by some cancer sufferers as a form of alternative treatment. Scientific literature is scarce concerning its anticancer activity, and thus the aim of the study was to assess the in vitro anticancer and P-glycoprotein inhibitory potential of extracts of S. aculeastrum fruits. Furthermore, assessment of the combinational effect with doxorubicin was also done. The crude extract was prepared by ultrasonic maceration. Liquid-liquid extraction yielded one aqueous and two organic fractions. Bioactive constituents were isolated from the aqueous fraction by means of column chromatography, solid phase extraction and preparative thin-layer chromatography. Confirmation of bioactive constituent identity was done by nuclear magnetic resonance and ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The crude extract and fractions were assessed for cytotoxicity and P-glycoprotein inhibition in both cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines using the sulforhoda...
Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2016
Ranti hitam (Solanum blumei Nees ex Blume) (Solanaceae) is found in Dairi and Karo, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Traditionally fruits of S. blumei have been used as drugs, such as pain medication, fever, abdominal pain, ear pain and antiinflammatory. To best of our knowledge, the chemical and pharmacological studies on S. blumei reports still limited. Simorangkir et al. [1] have reported that the phytochemical extracts of leaves and fruits of S. blumei conducted in accordance with the method of Harborne [2] show that the ethyl acetate extract of this plant contains alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids while the ethanol extract has many alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids bit, phenols and tannins. The n-hexane extract consists of steroids, triterpenoids and little amount of alkaloids. The highest extraction result is obtained in the extracted ethanol of leave and fruit compared with extracts of n-hexane and ethylacetate. The results of toxicity test by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method (BSLT) [3] for fruit extracts of S. blumei showed that the ethanol extract of S. blumei fruit had the highest toxicity than ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts with LC 50 values in a row i.e. 21.10; 321.14 and 573.61 µg/mL [4]. According to Atanu et al. [5], toxicological properties of the Solanum plant are likely caused by alkaloid content contained in Solanum plants. Based on the results of some tests that have been made
Journal of The Brazilian Chemical Society, 2002
Steroidal alkaloids, flavonoids and their glycosides occurring in numerous species of Solanum genus are known to possess a variety of biological activities. The flavonoid tiriloside (1), a rich in glycoalkaloids total fraction named GB and the glycoalkaloid solasonine (2) isolated from thricomes of young branches and fruits from Solanum crinitum Lam, and the aglycone solasodine (3) isolated from Solanum jabrense Agra & M. Nee, were assayed against murine Ehrlich carcinoma and human K562 leukaemia cultured cells. The exposure in vitro of these cancer cells to these products resulted in a dose-dependent growth inhibition evaluated by the MTT method. The results indicated significant cytotoxic activities with IC 50 = 69.50 µM, 19.5 µg mL -1 , and 74.20 µM for 1, GB and 2, respectively, against Ehrlich carcinoma, and IC 50 = 186.50 µM, 13.65 µg mL -1 and 76.92 µM, for 1, GB, 2 and 2a, respectively, against K562 leukaemia cells. The low activity of the aglycone 3 indicates that the role of the sugar moiety is very important in the cytotoxic activity of glycoalkaloid solsonine. The cytotoxic activity revealed by the GB fraction may be attributed to the presence of 2. Additionally, these results show the viability of the MTT assay for monitoring phytochemical bioactive compounds.
Impact of certain Solanum species' natural products as potent cytotoxic and anti-Inflammatory agents
The present study was conducted to evaluate both the cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts (T), and both n-butanol (B) and total glyco-alkaloid fractions (TGA) of Solanum seaforthianum Andr. (SS) and Solanum macrocarpon L. (SM) growing in Egypt. Cytotoxic activity was measured using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay on prostate cancer cell line (PC-3), breast cancer cell line (MCF7), liver cancer cell line (HepG2) and human fibroblast cell line (HFB4) while anti-inflammatory activity was measured using formalin induced paw edema method. The highest cytotoxic potentiality was indicated for those of TGA fraction of S. seaforthianum Andr. on PC-3 cell line (IC 50 = 0.28µg/ml ± 0.01) followed by its activity on MCF-7 cell line (IC 50 = 2.84 µg/ml±0.20). On the other hand, the potency of TGA fractions of both species showed higher potency followed by n-butanol fractions where ethanol extracts showed lowest potency which is emphasizing the cytotoxic potentiality of the glyco-alkaloids. Based on the IC50s indicated for the different extracts and fractions on normal fibroblast cell line, considerable safety was indicated against prostate carcinoma rather than breast or hepatic carcinoma. TGA fraction of S. macrocarpon L. and of S. seaforthianum Andr. showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity with efficacy of 159 and 156%, respectively as compared to standard indomethacin. That's why the TGA fraction of S. seaforthianum Andr. was subjected for isolation of individual alkaloids using different chromatographic techniques and identified using 1 H and 13-CNMR spectroscopy beside Co-chromatography with authentic samples as solamargine (A 1), solasonine (A 2) and solasodine (A 3) which are firstly isolated from S. seaforthianum Andr. growing in Egypt.
Bioactive Steroidal Alkaloids from Solanum umbelliferum
Journal of Natural Products, 1996
Bioassay-directed fractionation of the MeOH extract of Solanum umbelliferum afforded solasodine (1), O-acetylsolasodine (2), and solasodine 3-O-D-glucopyranoside (3). Alkaloids 1 and 2 exhibited significant activity toward DNA repair-deficient yeast mutants, whereas 3 and the synthetic analogues N-acetylsolasodine (4) and N,O-diacetylsolasodine (5) were found to be inactive. Compounds 2 and 3 are new natural products. Steroidal alkaloids and their glycosides occurring in numerous species of Solanum are known to possess a variety of biological activities including antifungal, 1-3 antiviral, 4 molluscicidal, 5 teratogenic, and embryotoxic. 6 Preparations containing solasodine glycosides are currently being employed for the treatment of certain skin cancers. 7 In the course of our random screening of plants for potential anticancer activity utilizing a mechanismbased yeast bioassay 8,9 a MeOH extract of Solanum umbelliferum Eschs. (Solanaceae) was shown to exhibit promising activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation afforded solasodine (1), O-acetylsolasodine (2), and solasodine 3-O-D-glucopyranoside (3). In a preliminary structure-activity relationship study, N-acetylsolasodine (4) and N,O-diacetylsolasodine (5) were synthesized starting from solasodine (1) and subjected to our mechanism-based yeast bioassay along with the natural alkaloids 1-3. In this paper, we report the structure elucidation of the new alkaloids 2 and 3, synthesis of 4 and 5, and biological evaluation of 1-5.
Journal of Natural Medicines, 2013
Natural products are some of the important sources of new anticancer drugs. The Brazilian flora is considered one of the most diverse in the word, although not many large-scale pharmacological and phytochemical studies have been conducted to date. With this in mind, in the present study we evaluated the antiproliferative activity of Solanum lycocarpum fruit glycoalkaloid extract (SL) and its major compounds, solamargine (SM) and solasonine (SS), against different tumor cell lines: murine melanoma (B16F10), human colon carcinoma (HT29), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) and human glioblastoma (MO59J, U343 and U251). The antiproliferative activity was evaluated using XTT assay and results were expressed as IC 50. The most pronounced antiproliferative activity was observed for SM, with IC 50 values ranging from 4.58 to 18.23 lg/mL. The lowest IC 50 values were observed against HepG2, being 9.60 lg/mL for SL, 4.58 lg/mL for SM and 6.01 lg/mL for SS. Thus, SL, SM and SS demonstrated antiproliferative activity against the tumor cell lines tested, and were most effective against the HepG2 cell line.
Journal of advanced zoology , 2024
Solanum indicum, also recognized as Vanbhanta or Brihati, holds a significant place in traditional medicinal practices, notably Ayurveda. This review concentrates on a thorough examination of Solanum indicum fruits, encompassing their Pharmacognostical evaluation and potential pharmacological applications. The assessment encompasses various facets such as the plant's morphological traits, microscopic attributes, chemical constituents, and physical constants, offering valuable insights into the plant's quality and purity. Solanum indicum fruits exhibit distinct Pharmacognostical characteristics facilitating their identification and quality assessment. Noteworthy features include the presence of small, spherical berries in shades of yellow to orange, typically measuring 1-2 cm in diameter. The fruit's exterior is smooth, housing numerous small seeds within the inner pulp. Microscopic scrutiny reveals abundant parenchyma cells, vascular bundles, and distinct glandular trichomes. The pharmacological potential spans diverse therapeutic areas, including anticancer, antioxidant, and antipyretic properties, showcasing their versatility as a natural remedy. Research indicates that Solanum indicum fruit extracts may possess antipyretic activity, making them particularly intriguing in regions where they are indigenous. These fruits hold promise in alleviating fever symptoms and contributing to the overall well-being of individuals with febrile conditions. Additionally, preliminary studies suggest that certain compounds within Solanum indicum fruits may exhibit anti-cancer properties by impeding cancer cell growth and inducing apoptosis. Abundant in antioxidants, especially flavonoids and polyphenols, Solanum indicum fruits play a role in scavenging free radicals and shielding cells from oxidative damage.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020
Objective: The present study was aimed to determine the cytotoxicity concentration (CTC50) of different extracts made from the leaf and stem bark of an ethno botanically selected S. pubescens against Human liver carcinoma (Hep G2), Human colon carcinoma (CaCo2 Methods: Ethnobotanical survey was done through interviewing traditional medicinal practitioners then a potential herbal plant was selected after a thorough literature survey and its identity was confirmed. The soxhlet extraction method was adopted using five different solvents from leaf and stem bark powders of the study plant and the CTC) and Human breast cancer (T-47 D) cell lines. 50 Results: Among the different extracts, CTC of all the extracts were determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method. 50 Conclusion: The major findings of the present study clearly provides evidence that the leaf and stem bark of S. pubescens possesses the potential anticancer bioactive compound solasodine. values were significant for stem bark extracts made from methanol (24.51±0.08 µg/ml) against Hep G2, while leaf chloroform extract was promising (57.15±1.75 µg/ml) against CaCo2 and n-hexane extract of leaf exhibited significant value (20.27±1.52 µg/ml) against T-47 D cancer cell lines.