Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline rubber composites (original) (raw)
Related papers
2018
Conducting polyaniline (PANI) in nano dimension was prepared in presence of aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) or toluene sulfonic acid (TSA) as doping agents and ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidizing agent. Composites of the PANI and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were prepared by in situ polymerization technique at room temperature. The structural composition, morphology, thermal decomposition behavior and conductivity of PANI and the composites were investigated. Studies include Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, uvvisible spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrical conductivity of the PANI-MWCNT composites as well as the pure PANI was measured by conventional four-probe method. The electrical conductivities of the two PANIs show that nano PANI-TSA has a higher conductivity (0.824 S/cm -1 ) compared to PANI-HCl (0.478 S/cm -1 ). PANI...
Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011
Polyaniline-carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (PAni/c-MWNT) nanocomposites were prepared in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) emulsion. First, the c-MWNTs were dispersed in SDS emulsion then the aniline was polymerized by the addition of ammonium persulfate in the absence of any added acid. SDS forms the functionalized counterion in the resulting nanocomposites. The content of c-MWNTs in the nanocomposites varied from 0 to 20 wt%. A uniform coating of PAni was observed on the c-MWNTs by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites have been characterized by different spectroscopic methods such as UV-Visible, FT-Raman, and FT-IR. The UV-Visible spectra of the PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites exhibited an additional band at around 460 nm, which implies the induced doping of the MWNTs by the carboxyl group. The FT-IR spectra of the PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites showed an inverse intensity ratio of the bands at 1562 and 1480 cm S1 as compared to that of pure PAni, which reveals that the PAni in the nanocomposites is richer in quinoid units than the pure PAni. The increase in the thermal stability of conductivity of the nanocomposites was due to the network structure of nanotubes and the charge transfer between the quinoid rings of the PAni and the c-MWNTs.
Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline prepared with the dopant mixture of (ZrO2/PbI2)
Journal of Physics D: Applied …, 2009
Polyaniline-carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (PAni/c-MWNT) nanocomposites were prepared in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) emulsion. First, the c-MWNTs were dispersed in SDS emulsion then the aniline was polymerized by the addition of ammonium persulfate in the absence of any added acid. SDS forms the functionalized counterion in the resulting nanocomposites. The content of c-MWNTs in the nanocomposites varied from 0 to 20 wt%. A uniform coating of PAni was observed on the c-MWNTs by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites have been characterized by different spectroscopic methods such as UV-Visible, FT-Raman, and FT-IR. The UV-Visible spectra of the PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites exhibited an additional band at around 460 nm, which implies the induced doping of the MWNTs by the carboxyl group. The FT-IR spectra of the PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites showed an inverse intensity ratio of the bands at 1562 and 1480 cm S1 as compared to that of pure PAni, which reveals that the PAni in the nanocomposites is richer in quinoid units than the pure PAni. The increase in the thermal stability of conductivity of the nanocomposites was due to the network structure of nanotubes and the charge transfer between the quinoid rings of the PAni and the c-MWNTs.
Transport Properties of Conductive Polyaniline Nanocomposites Based on Carbon Nanotubes
International Journal of Composite Materials, 2012
Intrinsically conducting polymers have been studied extensively due to their intriguing electronic and redox properties and numerous potential applications. To improve and extend their functions, the fabrication of multifunctional conducting polymer nanocomposites has attracted a great deal of attention with the advent of nanoscale dimension. In this paper we report the comparative study of nanocomposite synthesized by an in-situ oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer in the presence of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with that of pure polyaniline (PANI). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) are employed to characterize the pure PANI and the PANI-CNT nanocomposite. XRD and SEM reveal the homogeneous coating of PANI onto the CNT indicating that carbon nanotubes were well dispersed in polymer matrix. The interaction between the quinoid ring of PANI and the MWCNT causes PANI chains to be adsorbed at the surface of MWCNT, thus forming a tubular core surrounding the MWCNT was confirmed from FTIR. Nanocomposite shows high electrical conductivity compared to pure PANI. The enhancement in conductivity of the nanocomposite is due to the charge transfer effect from the quinoid rings of the PANI to the MWCNT. The effect of MWCNT on the transport properties of PANI in the form of the transport parameters such as charge localization length, most probable hopping distance and charge hopping energy in the temperature range 300-430 K was also studied.
Polymer, 2011
Aggregation in polymer composites is one of the major obstacles in the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) applications. Authentic CNTs are known to have very good electrical conductivity and mechanical strengths. Surface functionalization can avoid aggregation and help dispersion of CNTs, but reduces CNT's electrical conductivities and mechanical strengths dramatically. It needs a good way to resolve the above dilemma situation; i.e., poor dispersionegood conductivity vs. good dispersionepoor conductivity. Herein, we demonstrate that in-situ polymerized polyaniline (PANI)-coated CNTs have good polymer matrix compatibility, and are superior electrically conductive fillers to nylon 6 composites. In this report, multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) were surface-modified with poly(acrylic acids) (PAA), followed by further coating with PANI. The electrical conductivity of (PANI-MWCNTs)nylon 6 composite thin film was increased from 10 À12 to 7.3 Â 10 À5 S/cm in the presence of 1 wt% PANI-coated MWCNTs prepared by physical mixing of PANI and PAA-grafted MWCNTs. When in-situ polymerized PANI-coated MWCNTs were added, the electrical conductivity of MWCNTs-nylon 6 composite was further enhanced by 3 orders to be 3.4 Â 10 À2 S/cm at the same 1 wt% loading of MWCNTs. Both Fourier-transformed infrared and uvevisible absorption spectra indicate that there exist very strong site-specific charge transfer interactions between the quinoid rings of PANI and MWCNTs, which results in the superior electrical conductivity of MWCNT-nylon 6 composite.
International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation, 2017
In recent years, attention has been made by researchers to fabricate carbon nano-tubes/Polyaniline (CNTs/PANI) nanocomposites due to its simple method of preparation, low cost, environmental friendly, excellent capacitive performance. The discovery of carbon nanotubes with unique electrical, thermal and mechanical properties has attracted researchers used as a filler material for applications in engineering discipline. This review gives a broad study on ongoing research effort on synthesis, characterization, mechanical and electrical properties of CNTs/PANI nanocomposites.
A semi-doped polyaniline (PANI)-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) complex is added with a suspension of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-divinylbenzene (DVB) to prepare PANI-MWCNT based thermosetting conductive resin system. Firstly, unreinforced nanocomposites with various loading of MWCNT are prepared. Continuous improvement in the electrical conductivity is observed with increasing MWCNT loading in the composite, while improvement in the mechanical properties is observed only up to 0.2 wt% MWCNT loading. On further MWCNT loading, the decrease in mechanical properties is observed. Flexural strength increased by 18% with 0.2 wt% of MWCNT in the unreinforced nanocomposite while electrical conductivity increased continuously to 0.68 S/cm (at 0.5 wt% of MWCNT loading) from 0.25 S/cm (neat sample). DSC and TGA analysis show that MWCNT effectively contributed to enhance the scavenging effect of PANI, affecting degree of DVB polymerization at higher loading of MWCNT. Samples were characterized by FTIR analysis. DMA analysis is also performed to understand the mechanical behavior of the cured unreinforced nanocomposite under dynamic loading. SEM observation has been employed to understand the dispersion behavior of MWCNT into the matrix. PANI-wrapping behavior on MWCNT is observed from the SEM images. Wrapping of PANI on MWCNT increased doping state and surface area of PANI which subsequently contribute to the increased scavenging behavior of PANI at higher MWCNT loading. A structural thermosetting nanocomposite with electrical conductivity of 0.68 S/cm, flexural modulus of 1.87 GPa and flexural strength up to 35 MPa is prepared. In addition, PANI-DBSA/DVB matrix with MWCNT is also used to impregnate carbon fabrics to prepare highly conductive CFRPs. A CFRP with 1.67 S/cm electrical conductivity in through-thickness direction and 328 MPa flexural strength is obtained with the addition of 0.2 wt% MWCNT into the resin system.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanocompocite Conducting Polymers (PANI-DBSA/MWNCT)
2016
Nanocomposite conducting polymers ,PANI-DBSA/MWNCT were prepared by adding different weight ratios of c-MWNCT (1,2,3,5 ) % to Polyaniline (PANI) doped with DBSA( PANI-DBSA ). Structural characteristics of nanofibers composites and the formation of functional group were measured by . X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectroscopy. X-Ray Diffraction showed crystalline peaks of the Nanocomposites PANI-DBSA /MWNCT. FT-IR spectra confirmed the change of MWNCT to c-MWNCT by strong acids ,and PANI doped with DBSA. The Morphology and diameters for the nanofibers composites were studied by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The average diameter for nanofiber composites was about 117 nm (at 1 wt% MWCNT concentration ) and 90.47 nm (at 5wt% MWCNT concentration) found from AFM. SEM also show the homogeneous coating of PANI-DBSA onto the MWNCNT indicating that carbon nanotubes were well dispersed in conducting polymer matrix Keywords: conducti...
MRS Proceedings, 2006
ABSTRACTCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are of great interest because of several unsurpassable physical (mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical) properties. Especially their large elastic modulus and breaking strength make them highly attractive for their use as reinforced agents in forming a new class of multifunctional advanced materials - onanocomposites, in addition to high conductivity (either in semiconducting or metallic regimes) achieved through lower percolation thresholds for several electronic applications. Among the known conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI) has a high potential due to its ease of synthesis, excellent environmental, and thermal stability and reversible control of its electrical/electronic properties. In this work, PANI-single-/multiwalled NTs composites films containing different nanotube content of both kinds were synthesized by spin-cast preceded by ultrasonic mixing of the constituents. They were characterized using complementary techniques includin...
Bulletin of Materials Science, 2013
Electrically conducting nanocomposites of polyaniline (PANI) with carbon-based fillers have evinced considerable interest for various applications such as rechargeable batteries, microelectronics, sensors, electrochromic displays and light-emitting and photovoltaic devices. The nature of both the carbon filler and the dopant acid can significantly influence the conductivity of these nanocomposites. This paper describes the effects of carbon fillers like carbon black (CB), graphite (GR) and muti-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and of dopant acids like methane sulfonic acid (MSA), camphor sulfonic acid (CSA), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) on the electrical conductivity of PANI. The morphological, structural and electrical properties of neat PANI and carbon-PANI nanocomposites were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Vis spectroscopy and the four-point probe technique, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were also conducted for different PANI composites. The results show that PANI and carbon-PANI composites with organic acid dopants show good thermal stability and higher electrical conductivity than those with inorganic acid dopants. Also, carbon-PANI composites generally show higher electrical conductivity than neat PANI, with highest conductivities for PANI-CNT composites. Thus, in essence, PANI-CNT composites prepared using organic acid dopants are most suitable for conducting applications.