Synthesis and characterization of polyanilineZr(IV)sulphosalicylate composite and its applications (1) electrical conductivity, and (2) antimicrobial activity studies (original) (raw)
Related papers
2018
Conducting polyaniline (PANI) in nano dimension was prepared in presence of aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCl) or toluene sulfonic acid (TSA) as doping agents and ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidizing agent. Composites of the PANI and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were prepared by in situ polymerization technique at room temperature. The structural composition, morphology, thermal decomposition behavior and conductivity of PANI and the composites were investigated. Studies include Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, uvvisible spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrical conductivity of the PANI-MWCNT composites as well as the pure PANI was measured by conventional four-probe method. The electrical conductivities of the two PANIs show that nano PANI-TSA has a higher conductivity (0.824 S/cm -1 ) compared to PANI-HCl (0.478 S/cm -1 ). PANI...
Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline prepared with the dopant mixture of (ZrO2/PbI2)
Journal of Physics D: Applied …, 2009
Polyaniline-carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (PAni/c-MWNT) nanocomposites were prepared in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) emulsion. First, the c-MWNTs were dispersed in SDS emulsion then the aniline was polymerized by the addition of ammonium persulfate in the absence of any added acid. SDS forms the functionalized counterion in the resulting nanocomposites. The content of c-MWNTs in the nanocomposites varied from 0 to 20 wt%. A uniform coating of PAni was observed on the c-MWNTs by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites have been characterized by different spectroscopic methods such as UV-Visible, FT-Raman, and FT-IR. The UV-Visible spectra of the PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites exhibited an additional band at around 460 nm, which implies the induced doping of the MWNTs by the carboxyl group. The FT-IR spectra of the PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites showed an inverse intensity ratio of the bands at 1562 and 1480 cm S1 as compared to that of pure PAni, which reveals that the PAni in the nanocomposites is richer in quinoid units than the pure PAni. The increase in the thermal stability of conductivity of the nanocomposites was due to the network structure of nanotubes and the charge transfer between the quinoid rings of the PAni and the c-MWNTs.
Transport Properties of Conductive Polyaniline Nanocomposites Based on Carbon Nanotubes
International Journal of Composite Materials, 2012
Intrinsically conducting polymers have been studied extensively due to their intriguing electronic and redox properties and numerous potential applications. To improve and extend their functions, the fabrication of multifunctional conducting polymer nanocomposites has attracted a great deal of attention with the advent of nanoscale dimension. In this paper we report the comparative study of nanocomposite synthesized by an in-situ oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer in the presence of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with that of pure polyaniline (PANI). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) are employed to characterize the pure PANI and the PANI-CNT nanocomposite. XRD and SEM reveal the homogeneous coating of PANI onto the CNT indicating that carbon nanotubes were well dispersed in polymer matrix. The interaction between the quinoid ring of PANI and the MWCNT causes PANI chains to be adsorbed at the surface of MWCNT, thus forming a tubular core surrounding the MWCNT was confirmed from FTIR. Nanocomposite shows high electrical conductivity compared to pure PANI. The enhancement in conductivity of the nanocomposite is due to the charge transfer effect from the quinoid rings of the PANI to the MWCNT. The effect of MWCNT on the transport properties of PANI in the form of the transport parameters such as charge localization length, most probable hopping distance and charge hopping energy in the temperature range 300-430 K was also studied.
Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline rubber composites
Composites Science and Technology, 2008
Polyaniline-carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (PAni/c-MWNT) nanocomposites were prepared in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) emulsion. First, the c-MWNTs were dispersed in SDS emulsion then the aniline was polymerized by the addition of ammonium persulfate in the absence of any added acid. SDS forms the functionalized counterion in the resulting nanocomposites. The content of c-MWNTs in the nanocomposites varied from 0 to 20 wt%. A uniform coating of PAni was observed on the c-MWNTs by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites have been characterized by different spectroscopic methods such as UV-Visible, FT-Raman, and FT-IR. The UV-Visible spectra of the PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites exhibited an additional band at around 460 nm, which implies the induced doping of the MWNTs by the carboxyl group. The FT-IR spectra of the PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites showed an inverse intensity ratio of the bands at 1562 and 1480 cm S1 as compared to that of pure PAni, which reveals that the PAni in the nanocomposites is richer in quinoid units than the pure PAni. The increase in the thermal stability of conductivity of the nanocomposites was due to the network structure of nanotubes and the charge transfer between the quinoid rings of the PAni and the c-MWNTs.
Bulletin of Materials Science, 2013
Electrically conducting nanocomposites of polyaniline (PANI) with carbon-based fillers have evinced considerable interest for various applications such as rechargeable batteries, microelectronics, sensors, electrochromic displays and light-emitting and photovoltaic devices. The nature of both the carbon filler and the dopant acid can significantly influence the conductivity of these nanocomposites. This paper describes the effects of carbon fillers like carbon black (CB), graphite (GR) and muti-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and of dopant acids like methane sulfonic acid (MSA), camphor sulfonic acid (CSA), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) on the electrical conductivity of PANI. The morphological, structural and electrical properties of neat PANI and carbon-PANI nanocomposites were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV-Vis spectroscopy and the four-point probe technique, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were also conducted for different PANI composites. The results show that PANI and carbon-PANI composites with organic acid dopants show good thermal stability and higher electrical conductivity than those with inorganic acid dopants. Also, carbon-PANI composites generally show higher electrical conductivity than neat PANI, with highest conductivities for PANI-CNT composites. Thus, in essence, PANI-CNT composites prepared using organic acid dopants are most suitable for conducting applications.
Polymer, 2011
Aggregation in polymer composites is one of the major obstacles in the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) applications. Authentic CNTs are known to have very good electrical conductivity and mechanical strengths. Surface functionalization can avoid aggregation and help dispersion of CNTs, but reduces CNT's electrical conductivities and mechanical strengths dramatically. It needs a good way to resolve the above dilemma situation; i.e., poor dispersionegood conductivity vs. good dispersionepoor conductivity. Herein, we demonstrate that in-situ polymerized polyaniline (PANI)-coated CNTs have good polymer matrix compatibility, and are superior electrically conductive fillers to nylon 6 composites. In this report, multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) were surface-modified with poly(acrylic acids) (PAA), followed by further coating with PANI. The electrical conductivity of (PANI-MWCNTs)nylon 6 composite thin film was increased from 10 À12 to 7.3 Â 10 À5 S/cm in the presence of 1 wt% PANI-coated MWCNTs prepared by physical mixing of PANI and PAA-grafted MWCNTs. When in-situ polymerized PANI-coated MWCNTs were added, the electrical conductivity of MWCNTs-nylon 6 composite was further enhanced by 3 orders to be 3.4 Â 10 À2 S/cm at the same 1 wt% loading of MWCNTs. Both Fourier-transformed infrared and uvevisible absorption spectra indicate that there exist very strong site-specific charge transfer interactions between the quinoid rings of PANI and MWCNTs, which results in the superior electrical conductivity of MWCNT-nylon 6 composite.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanocompocite Conducting Polymers (PANI-DBSA/MWNCT)
2016
Nanocomposite conducting polymers ,PANI-DBSA/MWNCT were prepared by adding different weight ratios of c-MWNCT (1,2,3,5 ) % to Polyaniline (PANI) doped with DBSA( PANI-DBSA ). Structural characteristics of nanofibers composites and the formation of functional group were measured by . X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FT-IR spectroscopy. X-Ray Diffraction showed crystalline peaks of the Nanocomposites PANI-DBSA /MWNCT. FT-IR spectra confirmed the change of MWNCT to c-MWNCT by strong acids ,and PANI doped with DBSA. The Morphology and diameters for the nanofibers composites were studied by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The average diameter for nanofiber composites was about 117 nm (at 1 wt% MWCNT concentration ) and 90.47 nm (at 5wt% MWCNT concentration) found from AFM. SEM also show the homogeneous coating of PANI-DBSA onto the MWNCNT indicating that carbon nanotubes were well dispersed in conducting polymer matrix Keywords: conducti...
Polymers
Electrically conductive plastics with a stable electric response within a wide temperature range are promising substitutes of conventional inorganic conductive materials. This study examines the preparation of thermoplastic polyketones (PK30) functionalized by the Paal-Knorr process with phenyl (PEA), thiophene (TMA), and pyrene (PMA) pendent groups with the aim of optimizing the non-covalent functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) through π-π interactions. Among all the aromatic functionalities grafted to the PK30 backbone, the extended aromatic nuclei of PMA were found to be particularly effective in preparing well exfoliated and undamaged MWCNTs dispersions with a well-defined conductive percolative network above the 2 wt % of loading and in freshly prepared nanocomposites as well. The efficient and superior π-π interactions between PK30PMA and MWCNTs consistently supported the formation of nanocomposites with a highly stable electrical response after thermal solicitations such as temperature annealing at the softening point, IR radiation exposure, as well as several heating/cooling cycles from room temperature to 75 • C. the ability of being mended and recycled (according to a "cradle to cradle" approach) in order to prolong their use after their first service life . As far as smart materials are concerned, we have recently demonstrated the potentiality offered by functionalized PK in achieving flexible nanocomposites containing well-distributed, exfoliated, and undamaged multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) . MWCNTs are graphitic monodimensional materials with multiple exceptional properties that have supported the virtues of their incorporation into polymeric matrices to produce high-strength, lightweight, and high-performance nanocomposites for a multitude of applications . Thermoplastic polymers such as PK were found to be attractive supporting materials for MWCNT since they can be easily processed and fabricated into several solid-state forms required for different applications . The percolative network was found to be poised enough even at high temperatures thanks to the effective stabilization of MWCNTs provided by the PK polymer matrix, but a resistivity-temperature profile with a negative temperature coefficient was found . Although this property suggests the utilization of the nanocomposites as temperature sensors thanks to the semiconducting properties of MWCNTs, plastic polymers with electrically conductive features often require a stable electric response within a relatively wide range of temperatures . Also, stability towards other external solicitations such as mechanical and chemical stresses is often required . This is generally achieved by using a high content of the graphitic filler (i.e., well above the percolation threshold) or extensive annealing procedures in order to render the percolative pathways within the polymer matrix fixed and unalterable by external solicitations such as thermal stress . However, shortcomings in these approaches suggest that the optimization and the maximization of the polymer/MWCNTs interactions at the interface is required, for example, by means of effective secondary interactions provided by non-covalent functionalization approaches. These approaches have proven to be highly effective and promising for the exfoliation and dispersion of MWCNTs in several polymer matrices as a consequence of being easily scalable, reversible, and preserving the structural integrity of the graphitic network . The latter is a fundamental requisite to preserve the electronic properties of CNTs . The most promising candidates to perform this task are the extended polycyclic aromatic groups as they, because of their structure, effectively interact with the graphitic surface of MWCNTs. Once incorporated within the polymer matrix by grafting procedures, they definitely exert their features, thus potentially providing a plastic nanocomposite with extremely stable percolation pathways and an electric response that is unaffected by thermal stress .