Fiziološke reakcije muških i ženskih sprintera na 400m (original) (raw)
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Physiological Responses in Male and Female 400m Sprinters
The primary objective of this study was to determine the differences between male and female athletes competing in the 400m running event, in the parameters for the assessment of not only aerobic and anaerobic energy capacity but also other physiological parameters. Trained 400m (14 male and 14 female) track athletes volunteered to take part in this study. All subjects performed an incremental treadmill test (1 km/h speed increase per minute, 1.5% gradient). The parameters FVC and FEV1S in the male athletes were of higher values than in the female athletes, while there were no significant differences in FEV1S%. A statistically significant difference was found in the parameters for the assessment of aerobic energy capacity in favour of male athletes. Significantly higher values of anaerobic capacity were found in male sprinters (5.7 km/h) compared to female sprinters (4.5 km/h). In other physiological parameters such as HRmax values and HR at VT there were no statistically significant differences. It can be concluded that it is necessary to determine whether there are differences in these parameters between male and female sprinters which will result in a more organized plan for the collective training process. Studies like this can help coaches develop athletes' performance according to their abilities.
The Japanese Journal of Physiology, 2004
Middle-distance running performances (800-1,500 m) relies on both aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms . The relative contribution of each metabolic pathway during a middle-distance run has already been reported in elite athletes, but the performance was for males only performing on a treadmill . Weyand et al. [3] have demonstrated that middle-distance performances depended more on aerobic capacity than on anaerobic capacity. Indeed, Weyand et al. have shown that, in sub-elite runners (2 min 01 sϮ5 s and 2 min 32 sϮ6 s over 800 m for males and females), the peak oxygen deficit was a moderately strong predictor of middle-distance performances (38 and 27% of the variance of the performances over 800 and 1,500 m). Therefore, the energetic factors of performance were expressed with different units: the anaerobic one was reported as capacity (the "anaerobic work capacity" in J), and the aerobic one was expressed as a power (the "maximal aerobic power" in W). Wilkie's model (see method section) gives a physiological background of the hyperbolic function between the total power output (Ė r ) and the exercise duration. According to Wilkie's equation of , the aerobic and anaerobic factors of performance can be calculated with the same dimension because it allows the aerobic power (Ė r max aero ) to be distinguished from the
isara solutions, 2010
This study is conducted on different physiological variables among State Level Sprinters and Middle Distance Runners. The main aim of the study is the comparison between Sprinters and Middle Distance Runners with different physiological variables resting heart rate, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), vital lungs capacity, maximum oxygen consumption Sprinters and Middle Distance Runners. In present study investigator has taken a total of 60 players (30 sprinters and 30 Middle Distance Runners). For interpretation of data a comparative analysis of the selected variable, the‘t’ test is applied. The data of both groups are collected separately for both the variable. Statistic such as mean and standard deviation is computed. The level significance is set at 0.05. It is found the Sprinters and Middle Distance Runners do not have significant deference between the variables: resting heart rate, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), vital lungs capacity, maximum oxygen consumption.
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness
The present study set out to identify the relative contribution of the laboratory determined physiological measures, (maximal) accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)), when predicting track performance. Fourteen volunteers (men: n=10; women: n=4); mean (+/- standard deviation [SD]) height 1.76+/-0.1 (men) vs 1.62+/-0.08 m (women); body mass: 67.9+/-7.1 (men) vs 50.6+/-8.2 kg (women), ran track races at distances of 100, 400 and 800 m. The individually determined (maximal) AOD and VO(2max) were measured under controlled laboratory conditions (68.3+/-10.2 vs 60.7+/-16.1; men vs women, mL x (2) x Eq x kg(-1)) and (68.7+/-7.3 vs 55.6+/-4.3; men vs women, mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)), respectively. Track performance could be predicted using both laboratory measures, AOD and , with a high degree of accuracy: R2=76.9%, 84.8% and 89.1% for 100, 400 and 800 m, respectively. Data analysis confirmed the dominant energy supply during 100-m sprinting was the anaerobic ene...
Physiological and neuromuscular indices associated with sprint running performance
Research in sports medicine (Print), 2013
The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationships among physiological and neuromuscular indices with the 200- and 400-m sprint running performance. Fourteen male sprinters performed the following tests: determination of 200- (P200) and 400-m (P400) running performance; determination of VO2max and the velocity associated at VO2max; squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ); and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD). Significant correlations were observed between SJ (r = -0.53), CMJ (r = -0.69), and MAOD (r = -0.65) with P200. Countermovement jump (CMJ) and MAOD explained 70% of the P200. The MAOD was the only variable to correlate significantly with P400 (r = -0.56); VO2max and CMJ were also selected in the regression together and explained 79% of P400. The indicators of muscular power and anaerobic capacity are capable of explaining P200. In the 400 m, the performance was determined by indices of anaerobic capacity, in conjunction with the athletes' aerobic and ...
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 1982
This study sets up to investigate the importance of physiological traits in relation to metabolism in the development of speed endurance among runners at middledistances. It aims at determining the level of physiological traits which are associated with metabolism among runners; in addition of developing the required physical attributes especially speed endurance. Accordingly, the researchers have administered two main physiological tests: The River index test and the Shannon flash back heart curve test to a sample of 15 runners from the athletics games club of Blida (Algeria). Their age range varies between 17 and 18 years.
Physiological factors affecting performance in elite distance runners
Acta Kinesiologiae Universitatis Tartuensis, 2016
Running distances from 3000 m to the marathon (42 195 m) are events dominated by energy contribution of the aerobic energy system. The physiological factors that underlie success in these running events are maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), running economy (RE), the utilization of the maximum oxygen uptake (%VO2max) and velocity at the anaerobic threshold (vAT). VO2max for distance runners competing on an international level has been between 70 and 87 ml/kg/min in men, and between 60 and 78.7 ml/kg/min in women, respectively. Due to lack of air resistance, laboratory testing of RE and vAT are recommended to be conducted on treadmill with 1% slope. %VO2max are in most studies expressed as the average fractional utilization of VO2max at vAT. Much of the current understanding regarding the response to exercise is based on studies of untrained and moderately trained individuals. To use this knowledge to give training recommendations to elite runners is hardly valid. Researchers should the...
Determinants of five kilometre running performance in active men and women
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 1987
Previous studies of elite endurance athletes have suggested that success in distance running is attributable to the possession of a high maximal oxygen uptake (NO2 max), the utilisation of a large fraction of the V02 max and to running economy. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between these physiological characteristics and running performance in active but not elite men and women. Maximal oxygen uptake values were 57.6 ± 6.2 and 46.6 ± 4.8 ml.kg.-1min-1 for the men and women respectively (p < 0.01). Running performance was assessed as a 5km time trial and the men completed this distance in 19.77 ± 2.27 min and the women in 24.44 ± 3.19 min (p < 0.01). Maximal oxygen uptake showed strong correlations (p < 0.01) with running performance (men, r = -0.85; women, r = -0.80) but there was only a modest relationship between running economy and performance (men, r = 0.39; women, r = 0.34). The results of the present study suggest that the faster 5km performance times recorded by the men were best explained by their higher V02 max values.
Determinants of 300 and 1000 Meters Running Performance in Young Track and Field Athletes
Journal of physical education and sports management, 2019
This study aims to define the running performance parameters in young track athletes using simple field tests. Twenty seven young athletes, divided in two age groups (Children, CH, 12-13 years old and Young Adolescents, YA, 14-15 years old), performed a 300 and 1000m time trial (t300m and t1000m, respectively), as well as aerobic and anaerobic field tests. For both groups, t1000m performance correlates were primarily aerobic (r=-0.866-0.899) and secondarily anaerobic (r=-0.519-0.846) and anthropometric (r=0.698-0.770), while t300m performance correlates were primarily anaerobic (r=-0.553-0.898) and secondarily aerobic (r=-0.638-0.656) and anthropometric (r=-0.638). t1000m was predicted from aerobic, anaerobic and anthropometric factors (CH: adjusted R 2 =0.948, SEE=6.86 sec, YA: adjusted R 2 =0.982, SEE=5.83 sec). For the t300m the power output and anthropometric parameters were most important (CH: adjusted R 2 =0.406, SEE=3.97 sec, YA: adjusted R 2 =0.871, SEE=2.13 sec). Simple field tests can estimate running performance with sufficient accuracy in young track athletes.