Prevalence, sociodemographic features and risk factors of Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Southwestern Nigeria (original) (raw)
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Objectives: The objectives were to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and assess the major risk factors among Nigerian pregnant women. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross‑sectional descriptive study carried out among pregnant women at the antenatal clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. A total number of 150 consenting pregnant women were selected for the study. A structured pretested interviewer‑administered questionnaire was used for the data collection. Sera were collected and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Results: Of the150 women screened during the study, 11 (7.3%) were seropositive for HBsAg. Of these 11 women, 4 (36.4%) were also positive for HBeAg. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean ages of participants who were seropositive for HBsAg and those who were negative for the virus (P = 0.888). There were statistically significant differences in the seroprevalence of HBsAg recorded among respondents with previous surgery (odd ratio [OR] ‑ 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] ‑ 1.08‑16.67; P = 0.046), previously affected sibling or spouse (OR ‑ 5.03; 95% CI ‑ 1.11–25.27; P = 0.001) and those with two or more lifetime sexual partners (OR ‑ 4.11; 95% CI ‑ 2.85–9.22; P = 0.024). Conclusion: The sero‑prevalence rate of HBV infection and also its infectivity is high in Lagos, Nigeria. These findings thus support the need for a nationwide policy of routine and widespread HBV screening among pregnant women.
Hepatitis B virus infection amongst pregnant women in North-Eastern Nigeria- A call for action
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2011
Background: It is well known that Hepatitis B virus infection is endemic in Nigeria. Even though studies have been carried out on Hepatitis B virus infection in different parts of Nigeria, and in different subgroups of individuals, information regarding the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant women is scanty especially from the Northeastern region of Nigeria. We therefore determined the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) amongst pregnant women in North Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out. The setting was the antenatal clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Yola, Nigeria. The duration of the study was from July 2008 to December 2008. Two hundred and thirty-one consecutively recruited pregnant women were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen. Positive samples were re-tested using ELISA to eliminate false positives. Their biodata were obtained using a questionnaire to establish the presence of possible risk factors such as blood transfusion, surgery, etc. Written informed consent was obtained from each woman. Results: Out of the 231 pregnant women tested, nineteen of them were seropositive for Hepatitis B virus infection giving an infection rate of 8.2%. Women in the age group 25-29 years had the highest HBV infection rate. Conclusion: This study confirms a high seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus infect ion amongst pregnant women. It is recommended that pregnant women should be routinely screened for Hepatitis B virus infection as part of antenatal care services.
International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 2009
Hepatitis B is a worldwide health care problem, especially in developing countries. An estimated one third of the global population has been infected with this virus. Two hundred (200) serum samples from pregnant women attending the antenatal centre of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria were screened for Hepatitis B virus antigen (HBsAg) using the one step rapid chromatographic strip for HBsAg. Structured questionnaires were administered to obtain the risk factors associated with viral hepatitis in the population. Out of the total samples screened, 32(16%) were found to be positive for HBsAg. The highest prevalence was recorded among the age groups 20-29 years, with overall number of 19(9.5%). Relatively high seroprevalence (8%) was also recorded among civil servants. Considering the various risk factors, the prevalence of HBV was statistically significant (p<0.05) for subjects that had blood transfusion recording 14(7%), while those with history of...
Hepatitis B is a worldwide health care problem, especially in developing countries. An estimated one third of the global population has been infected with this virus. Two hundred (200) serum samples from pregnant women attending the antenatal centre of the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria were screened for Hepatitis B virus antigen (HBsAg) using the one step rapid chromatographic strip for HBsAg. Structured questionnaires. were administered to obtain the risk factors associated with viral hepatitis in the population. Out of the total samples screened, 32(16%) were found to be positive for HBsAg. The highest prevalence was recorded among the age groups 20-29 years, with overall number of 19(9.5%). Relatively high seroprevalence (8%) was also recorded among civil servants. Considering the various risk factors, the prevalence of HBV was statistically significant (p<0.05) for subjects that had hiood transfusion recording 14(7%), while those with history o...
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women in Jos, Nigeria
Objectives: The study sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Hepatitis B surface antigenemia (HBsAg) positivity among pregnant women in Jos, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out among the pregnant population in five healthcare facilities in Jos, between November 1, 2017 and April 30, 2018. Informed consent was obtained, and data on sociodemographic and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were collected. Hepatitis B viral infection was assessed using the in vitro HBsAg diagnostic rapid kit (Acon Laboratories, USA). Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and logistic regression were performed to identify predictors of HBV infection in the study population. All statistical analyses were carried out on STATA version 15. Results: Of the 3,238 women enrolled, 7.4% (241/3238
Asian Journal of Biology, 2017
Hepatitis B virus infection is caused by Hepatitis B virus, and the virus can be transmitted from infected mother to her new born child during pregnancy. This research work was aimed at determining the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic (ANC) in General Hospital Argungu. 300 serum samples were assayed using Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) Rapid Test Strip manufactured by Lab ACON Hangzhou Biotest Biotech Co., Ltd. 38 (12.7%) of the participants have antibodies to HBV. From the research the highest prevalence of HBsAg was found among the age group 20-29 years and lowest among the age group of 30-39
Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences, 2012
Infections due to viral hepatitis are systemic diseases caused by viruses A-E that mostly involve the liver. [1] It is a DNA virus which belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae. The virus was first discovered as 'Australian antigen' and later named hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the blood of patients. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) was discovered later as a marker for patients at a high risk for transmission of the disease. [2] Infection caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious public health problem causing about two billion infections worldwide. [3] Transmission is commonly through blood transfusion, blood products, body fluids (urine, semen, sweat, saliva, and tears), use of contaminated needles, vertical transmission (mother to child through infected birth canal), and sexual contact. [1] Neonates born of chronically infected mothers have a 70-90% risk of the infection progressing to a chronic phase. [3] Most countries in Africa have a high HBV endemicity, with the exception of Morocco and Tunisia, which have intermediate endemicity. [4] A prevalence rate of 10% of HBV was found among pregnant women in Hong Kong, [3] 12% in Taiwan, [5] and17.3% in Burkina Faso. [6] A b s t r A c t Background: Pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) can transmit the infection to their fetuses and newborns. Neonates who contract the HBV have about 90% risk of developing chronic HBsAg carriage (HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen) and chronic liver disease. Neonatal immunization interrupts this vertical and perinatal transmission. Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) and to identify potential risk factors associated with HBV infection. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted involving a total of 303 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at AKTH and 303 nonpregnant women of childbearing age. Blood sample was collected from each woman and the serum tested for the presence of HBsAg using latex rapid agglutination slide test kit (Cal-Tech Diagnostic Inc., USA) in the laboratory of the hospital. Reactive samples were stored at-20ºC and further confirmed for HBsAg using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (Bio-Rad, France). HBsAg-positive samples were tested for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) using ELISA kits (Orgenics, Israel). A pretested, structured questionnaire was used for the collection of sociodemographic data and possible risk factors. Results: The prevalence of HBsAg among pregnant women and nonpregnant women were 7.9 and 7.6%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant and nonpregnant women. The presence of HBeAg was statistically significant among both pregnant and nonpregnant women who tested positive for HBsAg. The risk factors associated with HBV infection were blood transfusion, ear piercing, history of an affected sibling with HBV infection, tattooing, and abortion among pregnant women. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBsAg in this study was not statistically different in pregnant and nonpregnant women. There was a high level of HBeAg infection among pregnant women who tested positive for HBsAg. History of an affected sibling with HBV infection, tattoo, and abortion were significant risk factors for HBV infection.
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Nigeria has remained a public health issue and a major cause of mortality especially in developing countries. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus infection is thought to be one of the major routes of transmission in developing countries. In spite of this, routine antenatal screening for hepatitis infection is not yet practiced in many Nigerian hospitals. This study was undertaken with the aim of determining the prevalence of HBsAg antibodies among women attending ante-natal clinic at General Hospital Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and fifty women were recruited for this study between January and March, 2012 and were screened for anti-HBsAg antibodies using the one step rapid HBsAg Test Kit (Hypertec. Diagnostic, Germany). The anti-HBsAg prevalence was determined to be 4% (6/150) with the highest prevalence (7.14%) recorded in pregnant women aged 26-30 years. The trimester related prevalence of HBsAg was highest (5.88%) among women on their 2nd trimester. Statistical analysis revealed that age and trimester were not statistically associated (P > 0.05) with HBsAg antibodies prevalence. The findings of high prevalence of HBsAg in antenatal women in their 2nd trimester during which the fetus undergo certain developmental processes possess high risk to the developing fetus.
2015
This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface and core antigens among pregnant women visiting Ring Road Hospital for antenatal care in Ibadan, South-West, Local Government Area. Out of 150 blood samples collected and screened, using Diaspot® test strips, ten were found positive (6.6%). Pregnant women within 25-29 years had the highest prevalence of (2.7%) the lowest prevalence of 0.6% was found among pregnant women within the age group of 35-39 years. Pregnant women that are from polygamous family had (4.0%) while those from monogamous recorded 2.7%. Similarly, pregnant women with history of blood transfusion had 5.3% while those without history of blood transfusion recorded 1.3%. Chi-square analysis revealed that age, history of blood transfusion and family type are not related to infection with hepatitis B virus in the studied area. More awareness campaign should be organized in order to educate populacion on the possible route of transmission...
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2015
Background: Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus infection during pregnancy and delivery remains the major route of transmission in low resource areas. The objectives of this study were to determine the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B infection (HBsAg) and the potential risk factors among pregnant women admitted for delivery. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study of 300 women admitted for delivery was conducted at University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. A pretested questionnaire was used for the collection of socio-demographic data and possible risk factors. Blood sample was collected from each consented woman and the plasma tested for the presence of HBsAg using rapid ELISA test Kits in the laboratory of the hospital. All the data were analyzed using microsoft BJMMR, 8(4): 324-333, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.2015.455 325 SPSS version 17 statistical program. Results: Out of the 300 women studied, positive HBsAg was detected in 14 women, giving a seroprevalence rate of 4.7%. The age of the women studied varied from 16 to 43 years with mean age of 27.9±4.6 years and mean parity of 1.1±1.5. Hepatitis B viral infection was significantly higher among pregnant women who did not attend any antenatal care (unbooked women) than pregnant women who attended antenatal care (booked women). There were statistically significant relationships between HBV infection and 2 or more sexual partners and previous history of induced abortion. Previous histories of blood transfusion, previous surgeries/dental manipulations, tribal marks/tattoos, previous contact with somebody with hepatitis B infection were not statistically significant. The data are related to 14 (4.7%) of HBV infected women in the study. Conclusion: An intermediate prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was identified which justifies the need for routine screening in pregnancy especially among unbooked women in order to identify and treat the infection.