Cognitive and behavioural correlates of different domains of psychological adjustment in early-stage multiple sclerosis (original) (raw)
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Prediction of psychological adjustment to multiple sclerosis
Social Science & Medicine, 1997
This study examined the utility of self-efficacy as a predictor of social activity and mood control in multiple sclerosis (MS). Seventy-one subjects with MS were recruited from people attending an MS centre or from a mailing list and were examined on two occasions that were two months apart. Clinic patients were more disabled than patients who completed assessments by post, but they were of higher socioeconomic status and were less dysphoric. We attempted to predict self-reported performance of mood control and social activity at two months, from self-efficacy or performance on these tasks at pretest. Demographic variables, disorder status, disability, self-esteem and depression were also allowed to compete for entry into multiple regressions. Substantial stability in mood, performance and disability was observed over the two months. In both mood control and social activity, past performance was the strongest predictor of later performance, but self-efficacy also contributed significantly to the prediction. The disability level entered a prediction of social activity, but no other variables predicted either type of performance. A secondary analysis predicting self-esteem at two months also included self-efficacy for social activity, illustrating the contribution of perceived capability to later assessments of self-worth. The study provided support for self-efficacy as a predictor of later behavioural outcomes and self-esteem in multiple sclerosis. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
A review of psychological correlates of adjustment in patients with multiple sclerosis
Clinical Psychology Review, 2009
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease which poses significant psychological adjustment challenges. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify factors that are related to adjustment in people with MS and may be modifiable through psychological intervention. It aimed to gain an overview of the strength of evidence for relationships between psychological factors and adjustment and identify limitations to existing studies and directions for future research. Seventy two studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review and a narrative synthesis was conducted. A wide range of psychological factors have been studied in relation to adjustment outcomes. The strongest and most consistent finding was that perceived stress and certain emotion-focussed coping strategies are related to worse adjustment in MS. Uncertainty was fairly robustly associated with worse adjustment. There was also more tentative evidence available for relationships between adjustment outcomes and a range of other factors including social support and interactions with others, cognitive errors and biases, illness and symptom cognitions, control perceptions, positive psychology factors, and health behaviours. Implications for therapeutic interventions are discussed and a preliminary model of adjustment to MS is outlined. In light of the shortcomings of extant studies, suggestions for future research are offered.
Psychological Changes in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
2019
Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) as a stressful event, despite causing negative psychological changes, may lead to positive ones as well. Objective: This study was mainly conducted to examine the implications of posttraumatic growth and demoralization and also to determine the relationship between them in patients with MS. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, in which the research population included all patients with MS who were the member of Ardabil Multiple Sclerosis Association. Using convenience sampling method, 146 eligible patients completed the posttraumatic growth tool and the demoralization scale. The obtained data were analyzed by using descriptive (mean, range, frequency, standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson correlation coefficient) statistics. Results: The Mean±SD age of the participants was 33.59±8.70 years, and most of them were female (67.8%), married (67.1%) and had a high school diploma (49.3%). The Mean±SD scores of posttraumatic growth and demoralization were 65.23±17.1 and 34.71±18.22, respectively. Also, a significant inverse correlation was obtained between demoralization with posttraumatic growth (P<0.001; r=-0.57) and its dimensions (P<0.001; r=-0.23 to -0.57). Conclusion: By decreasing the score of negative psychological changes (demoralization), the score of positive psychological changes (posttraumatic growth) increases in the MS patients. Nurses, psychological counselors, and other community caregivers can provide the context to create positive changes in MS patients, by reducing demoralization and resolving patients’ psychological problems.
PLOS ONE, 2021
Low level of self-management in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to be a predominant factor that leads to poor rehabilitation efficacy. Studies focusing on the relationship between self-management and psychological variables that can be modified could contribute to expanding the knowledge needed to propose interventional programs aiming at patient activation. This study aimed to analyze whether coping strategies play a mediating role in the association between the perceived impact of MS and level of self-management in people with MS. The cross-sectional study included 382 people with MS. The participants completed the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Scale—Revised, Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29, and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. The study hypothesis was evaluated using mediation analysis. The STROBE checklist specifically prepared for cross-sectional research was applied in this study for reporting. Results indicate that the emotion- and problem-...
Correlates of the personality change judgments of individuals who have MS
Brain Injury, 2021
Objectives: This is the first study to estimate prevalence of self-reported personality change (PC) in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods developed in traumatic brain injury studies explore physical, cognitive, emotional and social triggers for PC judgments. Participants: 69 MS clinic attendees living with their partner. Measures: Participants rated the degree of PC. Current and pre-MS specific characteristics were rated on semantic differential scales. The Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale and the MS Neuropsychological Questionnaire quantified perceived symptoms. The Beck Depression Inventory-FastScreen, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale assessed emotional distress. Perceived social influences were assessed with the Family Questionnaire, McMaster Assessment Device and the Social Provisions Scale. Results: 54% perceived substantial PC. Current characteristics was a better predictor of PC than perceived behaviour changes. PC was associated with specific characteristics denoting stress reactions, emotional distress, perceived cognitive impairment and poorer family functioning. PC was not significantly related to severity of physical symptoms or social support. This study also suggested that the specific characteristics questionnaire probed at least 2 components of reconstructed identity: PC/Reactivity and Disability. Conclusions: This study raises methodological concerns about measures that simply sum ratings of characteristics related to self-identity. It also proposes possible ways of collaborating with individuals in their efforts to respond constructively to PC and other changes. .
The first year after diagnosis: psychological impact on people with multiple sclerosis
Psychology Health & Medicine, 2017
The impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis on newly diagnosed individuals remains so far little explored. Our aim is to outline affective, personality and quality of life (QoL) correlates of MS patients shortly after MS diagnosis. Thirty-eight (22 F and 16 M) newly-diagnosed MS patients (mean interval from diagnosis communication 4.7 ± 3.8 months, range 1-12 months) underwent the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and a comprehensive psychological evaluation:
Psychological functioning in primary progressive versus secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
The British journal of medical psychology, 1998
Psychological functioning in two types of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is assessed: primary progressive (PP) and secondary progressive (SP) patients. On the basis of differences in clinical course and underlying pathology we hypothesized that primary progressive patients and secondary progressive patients might have different psychological functioning. Seventy patients treated in an MS centre were examined cross-sectionally. Forty had an SP course of MS and 30 a PP course. The 33 male and 37 female patients had a mean age of 48.4 years (SD 11.2) and mean age of onset of MS of 30.7 years (SD 11.1). Patients completed questionnaires measuring among others the following aspects of psychological functioning: depression (BDI, SCL-90), anxiety (STAI, SCL-90), agoraphobia (SCL-90), somatic complaints (SCL-90), hostility (SCL-90) and attitude towards handicap (GHAS). Patients with a PP-MS scored significantly better on 5 out of 14 subscales than patients with SP-MS (p < .05). On the ...
Development and Initial Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Scale
International Journal of MS Care, 2007
ages 20 and 40 years) is associated with a period of life in which individuals are establishing families, careers, and financial security, 4 MS and its attendant symptoms can create a significant disruption in psychosocial functioning. The illness-related symptoms, medical treatments and their adverse effects, and unpredictable course and prognosis of MS have been associated with a significant impact on quality of life (QOL) and psychosocial adaptation. Furthermore, people with MS frequently experience significant physical, psychological, and social changes of an unpredictable and highly variable nature. Several researchers have suggested that these changes, and their unpredictable and uncontrollable nature, reduce QOL by reducing a person's sense of control and ability to participate in meaningful activities, roles, or pursuits. 5-8 Self-management has been identified as an important means of increasing perceived control over chronic illness, enhancing QOL, and living effectively with MS. 8,9
Journal of Happiness Studies, 2016
The study aimed to describe the levels of depression, positive and negative affect, optimism and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a group of recently diagnosed multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (up to 3 years since the diagnosis), taking into account gender, age, and disease duration differences, and to investigate the possible role of identity, sense of coherence (SOC), and self-efficacy in MS (SEMS) on patients' depression, positive and negative affect, optimism, and HRQOL. The cross-sectional study involved 90 MS patients (61% women; age: M = 37, SD = 12) with an Expanded Disability Status Scale score between 1 and 4 (mild to moderate disability). Patients completed measures of depression (CESD-10), positive and negative affect (PANAS), optimism (LOT-R), HRQOL (SF-12), identity motives, SOC, and SEMS. Depression scores were near the cutoff level for clinically significant depressive symptoms, and negative affect was higher and HRQOL was lower than those in the general population. Women and younger patients reported better adjustment as time passes since the diagnosis. Results of multiple regressions indicated that higher SOC was related to higher mental health, lower negative affect and lower depression. Higher SEMS was predictive of greater positive affect and lower negative affect, whereas higher identity satisfaction was predictive of higher positive affect and optimism and lower depression. The results suggest the usefulness of addressing identity redefinition, SOC and self-efficacy in psychological interventions aimed at promoting patients' adjustment to MS.