Concentrations of Interleukin-1 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker of Periodontal Diseases (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Periodontology, 1999
The levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) have been reported to be higher in sites with periodontitis than in healthy controls. This may be the result of a more severe inflammation and/or constitutional differences in IL-1β production. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that the level of IL-1β in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a characteristic trait of periodontitis, regardless of the degree of tissue destruction. As a secondary aim, we investigated the correlation between IL-1β and neutrophil elastase. An untreated population was used.
Salivary interleukin-1 β concentration and the presence of multiple pathogens in periodontitis
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2009
Aim: This study aimed to find salivary enzymes and/or cytokines that would reflect periodontitis, alone or in combination with salivary microbial markers. Material and Methods: The salivary concentrations of elastase, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-1b (IL-1b), interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-a, and the presence of five periodontal pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, were analysed from salivary specimens of 165 subjects, a subpopulation of Health 2000 Health Examination Survey in Finland; 84 of the subjects had probing pocket depth (PPD) of X4 mm at 14 or more teeth (the advanced periodontitis group), while 81 subjects had no teeth with PPD of X4 mm (the control group). All subjects had at least 20 teeth and no systemic diseases. Results: Among the salivary cytokines and enzymes tested, IL-1b was the only biomarker associated with periodontitis. An association was also found with the presence of multiple periodontal pathogens. Salivary IL-1b and the presence of multiple periodontal pathogens were associated with periodontitis at the same magnitude, when they were in the logistic regression model individually or together. Conclusion: We suggest that salivary IL-1b and the presence of multiple periodontal pathogens in saliva should be studied more thoroughly as markers of periodontitis.
An Overview of Salivary INTERLEUKIN-1 as a Biomarker for Periodontitis
2019
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by destruction of the periodontal tissues resulting in loss of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone, with formation of pathological pockets around the affected teeth. In recent times, salivary diagnostic tests are becoming popular as saliva is an easily accessible source for detecting several chemokines and cytokines related to various oral pathologies. Moreover, this may also help in detecting periodontitis before the appearance of clinical effects, after which treatment becomes difficult. Many cytokines and chemokines related to periodontal tissue destructionare found in saliva. Though majorly produced in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF), these chemicals eventually leech out to become part of the saliva. Interluekin-1 beta (IL-1β), generated through immune response is considered to be one of the most important cytokine that has detrimental effects on the periodontal tissues. This paper aims to convey an extens...
Background: Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an exudate that can be collected from the sulcus or periodontal pocket. It contains a variety of substances including immunoglobulin, microorganisms, toxins , cells, and lysosomal enzymes and markers Analysis of GCF is a non-invasive method to study the host response of the periodontium and inflamed tissues. It has been consider as a promising medium for an early indicator for early detection of inflammatory cytokines that play a major role in destruction of periodontal tissue. Subjects and methods: In the present study (52) males patients were enrolled with an age ranging from (30-55) years. The sample were divided into two main groups (26) healthy control and (26) patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). All were from attendants to department of Periodontics ,School of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani .All subjects were in good general health and had not received previous periodontal therapy or taken antibiotics ,or anti-inflammatory drugs in the three months before the study. Clinical Periodontal Parameters include Plaque index(PLI) ,Gingival Index(GI) , bleeding on Probing(BOP), probing Pocket depth(PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). The gingival crevicular fluid was collected from each subject by using paper point (size30)which was inserted into the gingival crevice and kept in place for30seconds.The fluid volume was determined by using Periotron (Harco6000,USA).The concentration of interleukin-1β and the Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in gingival crevicular fluid was quantified by-sensitivity enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) .The concentrations of interleukin-1β and the Interleukin6 (IL-6) in gingival crevicular fluid was measured in(pg/µl). Results: There were high significant difference between chronic periodontitis and control group in clinical parameters [Plaque index (PLI) ,Gingival Index(GI) , Bleeding on Probing(BOP%]), Pocket depth(PPD)] p-value (0.000). The concentration of interleukin-IL-1ß in GCF was higher in chronic periodontitis group (208.72±52.25) than control group (49.04±16.73). In addition, the concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in GCF was higher in chronic periodontitis group ((9.76±2.98 pg/µl) than control group(3.13 ±1.71).Moreover, in chronic periodontitis group the mean of probing pocket depth group (5.74±1.47) and the mean of clinical attachment loss (3.46±1.51). Conclusion: In GCF the concentration of interleukin-1β(IL-1 β)and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (pg/µl) were higher in chronic periodontitis group than in control group. They can be regard as diagnostic marker which give information about progression of periodontal disease. keywords: cytokine , of interleukin-IL-1β(IL-1ß) ,Interleukin-6 (IL6) , Gingival crevicular fluid ,Chronic Periodontitis
Cytokine, 1996
Interaction of bacterial products and antigens from several putative periodontal pathogens with inflammatory cells has been reported to result in the release of cytokines such as interleukin 1, 1-3 a key mediator of various immunological and inflammatory phenomena. 4 In humans, IL-1 has been shown to exist in two distinct forms, IL-1α and IL-1β, which were encoded by separate genes. IL-1β is found to be somewhat more active than IL-1α. 5-7 A wide range of both in vitro and in vivo activity of IL-1 has been reported, including induction of PGE 2 and collagenase synthesis by cultured fibroblasts, 8-12 and increased production of IL-2 by T-lymphocyte and interferon. 13 Moreover, IL-1 is one of the factors known to stimulate bone resorption and secretion of proteinases and may be involved in the attachment loss and bone resorption which are characteristic features of periodontitis. 14-20 All of these IL-1β-dependent mechanisms may contribute to the inflammation and destruction of the bone and soft connective tissue in periodontal disease. 12,21-23 Recent clinical studies have illustrated that the amount of IL-1β is much higher in the periodontitis pockets or in the underlying inflamed gingival tissue than in healthy sites, and IL-1β is markedly reduced following treatment. 22,24-26 The presence of cytokines may be detected earlier than the appearance of acute symptoms of periodontal disease. 27,28 Measurement of IL-1β in GCF or tissue of periodontitis patients has been suggested as an important aid to monitor the severity of disease.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022
Periodontitis (P) is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease of the oral cavity. The objective of the study was to evaluate the stages of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in initial, moderate and severe periodontitis. One hundred and twenty two patients were included in the study. Periodontitis subjects had at least 20 natural teeth and ≥8 sites with pocket depths of >4 mm and clinical attachment loss (CAL). A questionnaire was used with respect to the socio demographic parameters which included age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital, residence and occupation. To categorize the severity of the disease, teeth were assessed for, Plaque index (PI), Bleeding on probing (BOP), CAL, missing tooth, tooth mobility and bone loss. Unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) was collected and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) cytokine levels were analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with microplate reader at 450 nm. Clinical parameters and salivary cytokine concentrations were assessed using one-wa...
Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine
Background/Aim: Periodontal diseases are inflammatory diseases that occur against microbial pathogens. Cytokines are biologically active molecules involved in this inflammatory process. This study aims to evaluate interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals with stage III grade C (SIIIGC) periodontitis, gingivitis (G) and periodontally healthy (PH). Material and Methods: A total of 64 individuals, including 22 PH, 22 G and 20 SIIIGC periodontitis were included in this study. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) parameters were evaluated. GCF samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: IL-1b and IL-6 levels in the GCF were significantly higher in the SIII-GC periodontitis group compared to the other groups (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between IL-1b and IL-6 ...
Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plasma Acute-Phase Cytokine Levels in Different Periodontal Diseases
Journal of Periodontology, 2012
Background: The aim of the present study is to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma acute-phase cytokines, interleukin-1b (IL-1b), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-11 (IL-11), oncostatin M (OSM), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) levels in patients with different periodontal diseases. Methods: Eighty individuals were included in this study; 20 with chronic periodontitis (CP), 20 with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), 20 with gingivitis, and 20 classified as healthy (H). Probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and papilla bleeding index were recorded. Plasma and GCF IL-1b, IL-6, IL-11, OSM, and LIF levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: CP and GAgP groups had significantly higher GCF IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-11 levels when compared with the H group (P <0.05). Conversely, GCF LIF levels of the CP and GAgP groups were lower than those of the H group (P <0.05). GCF OSM levels did not differ significantly among study groups. Plasma levels of all the cytokines studied were not significantly different among the study groups. Conclusions: Based on the present data, elevated IL-1b, IL-6, and IL-11 GCF levels, but not plasma levels, are suggested as reliable inflammatory biomarkers in periodontal diseases. Decreased LIF levels in diseased groups might reflect the possible beneficial effects of LIF in the modulation of inflammatory response in gingiva.
Bioassay of interleukin 1 (IL-1) in human gingival crevicular fluid during experimental gingivitis
Archives of Oral Biology, 1992
Sunumuy-lrhe cytokine IL-l was demonstrated in crevicular fluid during a 14-and 21-day experimental gingivitis in healthy human volunteers. A sensitive and specific bioassay allowed detection of biologically active IL-1 a.t levels ranging from 0.18 ng/pl at baseline to 1.70 ng/pl in inflamed gingiva. Levels of IL-1 increased rapidly with plaque accumulation and in advance of the subsequent gingival inflammation, peaking within 7 days of the start of gingivitis. As changes in IL-l were detected before clinically recognizable gingival changes, IL-I may have potential as an early marker of gingival inflammatory changes.