Lab-on-chip systems for integrated bioanalyses (original) (raw)
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A lab-on-a-chip for biological fluids analysis
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This paper presents a microfluidic system for helping health professionals with rapid and accurate biological fluids analysis as well as for helping the patient himself at home. This microsystem consists of two wafers: a Pyrex glass wafer containing the microlaboratory (microchannels to carry chemical reagents and sample solutions) and a silicon wafer including the protein detection system (by colour analysis based on optical absorption). Albumin in urine is the first target of the microsystem, but it can be applied to other proteins. This microsystem eliminates the need of expensive readout optics and opens the road to low-cost disposable devices.
Microfluidics in Bioanalytical Instrumentation
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Portable and field deployable analytical instruments are attractive in many fields, including medical diagnostics where point-of-care and on-site diagnostics systems capable of providing rapid quantitative results have the potential to improve the productivity and quality of medical care. A major limitation and impediment to the usage of portable and field deployable microfluidic chip based analytical instruments in solving real world analytical problems has been the scarcity of commercially available portable or field deployable platforms, which are fully flexible for research. The bench-top analytical instrument , the Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 used in this research is a microfluidic chip-based platform with fluorescence detection system, available on the market since 1999. Originally, this instrument was capable of electrophoretic analysis of deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and ribonucleic acids (RNA), with user-tailored application solutions including chips, reagents and pre-develope...
Usage of microfluidic lab-on-chips in biomedicine
Lab-on-chip systems comprise a class of devices that integrate fluidics and electronics on a single chip. Lab-on-chip devices are capable of handling and analysing chemical and biological liquid samples. Microfluidic devices comprise a broader group that includes lab-on-chip devices and also micro total analysis systems (TAS). The formers are devoted to laboratory use, such as sample testing and handling, while the latter focuses mostly on biochemical analysis down to molecular level. Lab-on-chip devices facilitate automated operations such as sample handling, separation and liquid mixing. Furthermore, lab-on-chip devices force the development of point-of-care devices, which are expected to become the leading technology for diagnosis and therapeutics in personalized medicine.
Design Techniques for Microfluidic Devices Implementation Applicable to Chemical Analysis Systems
Process Analysis, Design, and Intensification in Microfluidics and Chemical Engineering, 2019
This chapter provides a guide for microfluidic devices development and optimization focused on chemical analysis applications, which includes medicine, biology, chemistry, and environmental monitoring, showing high-level performance associated with a specific functionality. Examples are chemical analysis, solid phase extraction, chromatography, immunoassay analysis, protein and DNA separation, cell sorting and manipulation, cellular biology, and mass spectrometry. In this chapter, most information is related to microfluidic devices design and fabrication used to perform several steps concerning chemical analysis, process preparation of reagents, samples reaction and detection, regarding water quality monitoring. These steps are especially relevant to lab-on-chip (LOC) and micro-total-analysis-systems (μTAS). μTAS devices are developed in order to simplify analytical chemist work, incorporating several analytical procedures into flow systems. In the case of miniaturized devices, the ...
Microfluidic platforms for lab-on-a-chip applications
Lab on a Chip, 2007
We review microfluidic platforms that enable the miniaturization, integration and automation of biochemical assays. Nowadays nearly an unmanageable variety of alternative approaches exists that can do this in principle. Here we focus on those kinds of platforms only that allow performance of a set of microfluidic functions-defined as microfluidic unit operations-which can be easily combined within a well defined and consistent fabrication technology to implement application specific biochemical assays in an easy, flexible and ideally monolithically way. The microfluidic platforms discussed in the following are capillary test strips, also known as lateral flow assays, the microfluidic large scale integration approach, centrifugal microfluidics, the electrokinetic platform, pressure driven droplet based microfluidics, electrowetting based microfluidics, SAW driven microfluidics and, last but not least, free scalable non-contact dispensing. The microfluidic unit operations discussed within those platforms are fluid transport, metering, mixing, switching, incubation, separation, droplet formation, droplet splitting, nL and pL dispensing, and detection.
Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2004
An ideal on-site chemical/biochemical analysis system must be inexpensive, sensitive, fully automated and integrated, reliable, and compatible with a broad range of samples. The advent of digital microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technology offers such a detection system due to the advantages in portability, reduction of the volumes of the sample and reagents, faster analysis times, increased automation, low power consumption, compatibility with mass manufacturing, and high throughput. We describe progress towards integrating sample collection onto a digital microfluidic LoC that is a component of a cascade impactor device. The sample collection is performed by impacting airborne particles directly onto the surface ofthe chip. After the collection phase, the surface ofthe chip is washed with a micro-droplet of solvent. The droplet will be digitally directed across the impaction surface, dissolving sample constituents. Because ofthe very small droplet volume used for extraction ofthe sample from a wide collection area, the resulting solution is relatively concentrated and the analytes can be detected after a very short sampling time (1 mm) due to such pre-concentration. After the washing phase, the droplet is mixed with specific reagents that produce colored reaction products. The concentration of the analyte is quantitatively determined by measuring absorption at target wavelengths using a simple light emitting diode and photodiode setup. Specific applications include automatic measurements of major inorganic ions in aerosols, such as sulfate, nitrate and ammonium, with a time resolution of 1 mm and a detection limit of 30 ng/m3. We have already demonstrated the detection and quantification of nitroaromatic explosives without integrating the sample collection. Other applications being developed include airborne bioagent detection.
Microfluidic for Lab-on-a-Chip
Comprehensive Microsystems, 2008
2.13.7.3 Application Examples 47 2.13.7.3.1 TopSpot for microarray spotting 47 2.13.7.3.2 Dispensing well plate 48 2.13.7.4 Strengths and Challenges of the Platform 49 2.13.8 Conclusion 49 References 49 Glossary g9000 CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor g9005 DWP Dispensing Well Plate g9010 EDC/NHS Carbodiimid/N-hydroxysuccinimide g9015 EOF Electroosmotic Flow g9020 EP Electrophoresis g9025 EWOD Electrowetting g9030 FID Free Interface Diffusion g9035 GC Gas Chromatograph g9040 HPLC High Pressure Liquid Chromatograph g9045 HTS High Throughput Screening g9050 IDT Interdigital Transducer g9055 LSI (microfluidic) Large Scale Integration g9060 MSL Multilayer Soft Lithography g9065 PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction g9070 PDMS Polydimethylsiloxane g9075 SAW Surface Acoustic Wave g9080 TAS Total Chemical-analysis System g9085 TIR Total Internal Reflection g9090 mTAS micro Total Analysis System s0005 2.13.1 Introduction s0010 2.13.1.1 Microfluidics
A modular microfluidic architecture for integrated biochemical analysis
Proceedings of the …, 2005
Microfluidic laboratory-on-a-chip (LOC) systems based on a modular architecture are presented. The architecture is conceptualized on two levels: a single-chip level and a multiple-chip module (MCM) system level. At the individual chip level, a multilayer approach segregates components belonging to two fundamental categories: passive fluidic components (channels and reaction chambers) and active electromechanical control structures (sensors and actuators).