Comparative Study between Exogenously Applied Plant Growth Hormones versus Metabolites of Microbial Endophytes as Plant Growth-Promoting for Phaseolus vulgaris L (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019
Endophytic bacteria, as the most promising components of effective, biofertilizers biostimulating and biocontrol preparations, should be very intensively obtained from various plants and studied in terms of the conditions determining the potential ability to promote plant growth. For this reason, endophytic bacteria have been isolated from both stems and roots of up to six systematically distant species of vascular plants: one species belonging to the seedless vascular plants (Monilophyta), and five seed plants (Spermatophyta). The 23 isolated strains represented nine genera: Delftia, Stenotrophomonas, Rhizobium, Brevundimonas, Variovorax, Achromobacter, Novosphingobium, Comamonas and Collimonas, notably which were closely related—belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria. Stenotrophomonas sp. strains showed the greatest ability to synthesize indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-like compounds, while Achromobacter sp. strains produced the highest levels of siderophores. The presence of the nifH ...
Annals of Microbiology, 2011
Desert plants are able to survive under harsh environmental stresses inherent to arid and semiarid regions due to their association with bacterial endophytes. However, the identity, functions, and the factors that influence the association of bacterial endophytes with desert plants are poorly known. These bacterial endophytes can be used as an untapped resource to favor plant growth and development in agro-ecosystems of arid regions. The present study is therefore focused on the isolation and identification of bacterial endophytes from two native medicinal plants (Fagonia mollis Delile and Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk) Sch. Bip.) growing spontaneously in the arid region of the South Sinai (Egypt), and characterization of their plant growth promoting (PGP) traits. Thirteen putative bacterial endophytes were isolated from the leaves of both plant species and characterized for their plant growth promoting abilities using molecular and biochemical approaches, as well as greenhouse trials. Selected endophytic bacterial strains were applied to maize plants (Zea mays L. var. Single cross Pioneer 30K08) to further evaluate their PGP abilities under greenhouse conditions. Isolated bacterial strains have variable plant growth promoting activities. Among these activities, isolated bacterial endophytes have the efficacy of phosphate solubilizing with clear zones ranging from 7.6 ± 0.3 to 9.6 ± 0.3 mm. Additionally, the obtained bacterial endophytes increased the productivity of indole acetic acid (IAA) in broth media from 10 to 60 µg•mL −1 with increasing tryptophan concentration from 1 to 5 mg•mL −1. Bacillus and Brevibacillus strains were frequently isolated from the leaves of both plant species, and had significant positive effects on plant growth and shoot phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) contents. Results suggest that these endophytes are good candidates as plant growth promoting inoculants to help reduce chemical input in conventional agricultural practices and increase nutrient uptake and stress resilience in plant species.
JOJ Horticulture & Arboriculture, 2018
The strain HLA was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Colonies were small and growth rapidly on TSA medium. Microscopic observation with Gram staining and epi-fluorescence revealed Gram positive and long bacilli bacteria. Strain HLA 16S rDNA similarities to the respective species were greater than (79 %). The phylogenetic analysis grouped Strain HLA with strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NR 117946.1 (95 %) and two strains of Bacillus subtilis NR113265.1 and NR112116.1 (95%). Strain HLA showed positive results for production of lecithinase, gelatinase and amylase. Inoculation of Phaseolus vulgaris L seed with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HLA resulted on significative growth stimulation of plantules compared to the control, within 21 days of culture in pots. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HLA increased, stem length (34.08 %), leaves area (96.5 %), root fresh weight (46.15 %) and root dry weight (70.41 %).
Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 2016
Background: Endophytic bacteria are ubiquitous in all plant species contributing in host plant's nutrient uptake and helping the host to improve its growth. Moringa peregrina which is a medicinal plant, growing in arid region of Arabia, was assessed for the presence of endophytic bacterial strains. Results: PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA of bacterial endophytes revealed the 5 endophytic bacteria, in which 2 strains were from Sphingomonas sp.; 2 strains from Bacillus sp. and 1 from Methylobacterium genus. Among the endophytic bacterial strains, a strain of Bacillus subtilis LK14 has shown significant prospects in phosphate solubilization (clearing zone of 56.71 mm after 5 d), ACC deaminase (448.3 ± 2.91 nM α-ketobutyrate mg-1 h-1) and acid phosphatase activity (8.4 ± 1.2 nM mg-1 min-1). The endophytic bacteria were also assessed for their potential to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Among isolated strains, the initial spectrophotometry analysis showed significantly higher IAA production by Bacillus subtilis LK14. The diurnal production of IAA was quantified using multiple reactions monitoring method in UPLC/MS-MS. The analysis showed that LK14 produced the highest (8.7 μM) IAA on 14th d of growth. Looking at LK14 potentials, it was applied to Solanum lycopersicum, where it significantly increased the shoot and root biomass and chlorophyll (a and b) contents as compared to control plants. Conclusion: The study concludes that using endophytic bacterial strains can be bio-prospective for plant growth promotion, which might be an ideal strategy for improving growth of crops in marginal lands.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2020
Endophytic microbes, since their discovery are known to live asymptomatically inside their host throughout different stages of their life cycle and play crucial role in growth, development, fitness, and diversification of plant. The plant-endophyte association ranges from mutualism to pathogenicity. Endophytic microbes help the host to combat diverse arrays of both biotic and abiotic stressful conditions. Endophytic microbes play a major role in growth enhancement of their host, solubilization of macronutrients such as phosphorous, potassium, and zinc, fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, synthesis of phytohormones, siderophores, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, and act as a biocontrol agent against wide array of phytopathogens etc. Endophytic microbes are beneficial to plant by directly promoting their growth or indirectly by inhibiting the growth of phytopathogens. Over a long period of co-evolution endophytic microbes have attained the mechanism of synthesis of various hydrolytic enzymes such as pectinase, xylanases, cellulase, proteinase etc. which promote the penetration of endophytic microbes into tissues of plants. The enzymes are very specific in their action on substrate and play different roles, such as convert macromolecule into small one as well as toxic substance into less toxic. The effective usages of endophytic microbes in the form of biofertilizers reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers. Endophytic microbes belong to different phyla such as Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Deinococcus-thermus, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The most predominant and studied endophytic bacteria belonged to Proteobacteria followed by Firmicutes and then by Actinobacteria. The most dominant among reported genera in most of the leguminous and non-leguminous plants are Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Fusarium, Burkholderia, Rhizobium, and Klebsiella. In future, for the sustainable agriculture, endophytic microbes have a wide range of potential for maintaining health of plant as well as environmental conditions. The present review is focused on the research being done on endophytic microbes including their diversity in leguminous as well as non-leguminous crops, biotechnological applications, and ability to promote the growth of plant
Legume Research- An International Journal, Volume 47 Issue 10: 1705-1714 (October 2024)
Background: Endophytic fungi in symbiotic association with their host plant are well known to improve plant growth and reduce the adverse effects of abiotic stresses. Therefore, fungal endophytes are beginning to receive increased attention in an effort to find growth-promoting strains that could be applied to enhance crop yield and quality. Methods: In our study, the plant growth promoting activities of endophytic fungi isolated from various parts of India have been revealed and investigated. Fungal isolates were identified using molecular taxonomical methods, while their plant growth promoting abilities were evaluated in plate assays and in vitro studies. Altogether, seven strains were selected, representing the genera Fusarium, Chaetomium and Ulocladium. Result: Six of the isolates possessed phosphate solubilization activities, four secreted siderophores and four showed amylase activity, while all of them were able to produce indoleacetic acid (IAA). In order to investigate the effect of endophytes on plant growth, all seven fungi were selected concerning their potential ability to promote growth in mung bean. The results indicated that microbial endophytes selected from different geographical regions living originally in the plant host are able to influence the growth and fitness parameters of other plants through their promotion effects and could be used as inoculants to establish a sustainable crop production system.
Antagonistic and Plant Growth Promoting Potentials of Indigenous Endophytic Bacteria of Shallots
2018
This research was further study of screening endophytic bacteria that isolated from the roots of healthy shallots. The aim of research was to determine the ability of endophytic indigenous bacteria as anti-microbial agents and plant growth promoters In this study, there are two experiments: 1) In vitro anti-microbial test against pathogens from the group of fungi and bacteria. 2) Testing the physiological and baichemical characteristics of endophytic bacteria as potential biocontrol agents and growth promoters, namely; production of salicylic acid, siderophore, IAA, lipase and protease enzyme as well as the ability to phosphate solubilization. Endophytic bacteria was capable to inhibiting of pathogenic fungi, except Bacillus sp HI that could not inhibit Foc . B. cereus P14, B.cereus Se07, Bacillus sp SJI and S.marcescens had the ability to inhibit of all three pathogenic fungi ( C . capsici, C. gloeosporiodes and Foc ). All endophytic bacteria were able to inhibit Xaa , but we...
Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences
Currently, endophytic microorganisms have become a good source of different enzymes and others metabolites of industrial interest. Among a huge spectral of molecules, enzymes as phytases have been emphasized by the ability to hydrolyze the phytic acid that represents the largest storage form of inorganic phosphorus in cereals, which are the staple diet of monogastric animals such as swine and poultry. Moreover, phytic acid acts as an antinutrient by chelating divalent metal ions, and it is interesting provide phytase as an animal feed supplement for those monogastric animals. In the current study, 158 endophytic bacteria isolated from the leaves of three cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris were assessed for the ability to produce phytase. Among them, four isolates belonging to the Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Microbacterium and Rhodococcus genera were highlighted, due their phytase production. The phytase produced by Microbacterium foliorum BAC1157 exhibited activity at 70 oC and stab...
2021
Use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and rhizobia can have a positive effect on the growth of common bean. This study aimed at determining the mechanisms of action of native bacterial strains; and to determine their effect in enhancing growth of common bean. The strains were screened for their ability to solubilize insoluble inorganic phosphates and production of indole acetic acid in vitro. A greenhouse experiment was set up to evaluate the response of common bean to inoculation with selected bacterial strains. Six of the bacterial isolates tested showed a positive result for IAA production. Rhizobium pusense showed the greatest solubilization efficiency of 648 followed by Bacillus megaterium (322.3) and Rhizobium phaseoli (308.7). Inoculation of common bean with Rhizobia and PSB had a significant effect on the number of nodules per plant. The highest shoot biomass was observed when Rhizobium phaseoli was co-inoculated with P. polymyxa (4.3g plant-1) compared to the single ...