Promising Antibiofilm Agents: Recent Breakthrough against Biofilm Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (original) (raw)
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Applied Nanoscience, 2014
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major nosocomial pathogens responsible for a wide spectrum of infections and the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has lead to treatment drawbacks towards large number of drugs. Formation of biofilms is the main contributing factor to antibiotic resistance. The development of reliable processes for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles is an important aspect of nanotechnology today. Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles comprise well-known inhibitory and bactericidal effects. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance by pathogenic bacteria is a major health problem in recent years. This study was designed to determine the efficacy of zinc and titanium dioxide nanoparticles against biofilm producing methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Biofilm production was detected by tissue culture plate method. Out of 30 MRSA isolates, 22 isolates showed strong biofilm production and 2 showed weak and moderate biofilm formation. Two strong and weak biofilm-producing methicillinresistant S. aureus isolates were subjected to antimicrobial activity using commercially available zinc and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Thus, the nanoparticles showed considerably good activity against the isolates, and it can be concluded that they may act as promising, antibacterial agents in the coming years. Keywords Biofilms Á Zinc oxide nanoparticles Á Titanium oxide nanoparticles Á Antimicrobial activity Á Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Antibiotics
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative human pathogen that causes a wide range of infections, including nosocomial infections. Aside from the intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance against many classes of antibiotics, P. aeruginosa can produce an extracellular polymeric matrix called “biofilm” that protects bacteria from antibiotics and harmful factors. Biofilm enables P. aeruginosa to develop chronic infections. This study assessed the inhibitory action of ZnO-nanoparticles against biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. A collection of 24 clinical strains of P. aeruginosa were tested for their antimicrobial resistance against different antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. The antibiofilm activity of ZnO-NPs was assessed using the microtiter plate biofilm assay. The application of ZnO-NPs dramatically modulated the resistance profile and biofilm activity of P. aeruginosa. The combination of ZnO-NPs and meropenem showed synerg...
Antibacterial activity of Zinc oxide nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus
2016
Introduction: One of the main healthproblemsis increasing resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial agents world-wide. Nanoparticles can be useful for preventing the distribution of resistant bacteria in the hospital and community. This study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial activity ofzinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle against isolated Staphylococcus aureus. Method of study:This study was conducted on 268 Staphylococcus aureuswhichwas isolated from healthy carriers, patients and food materials in Golestan province, innorth –east Iran.Antimicrobial activity of ZnOnanoparticles (10-30 nmdiameters) against Staphylococcus aureus was carried out by Agar dilution method and subsequently by Microdilution method for thedetermination of its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Distribution of MIC were evaluated and statistically analyzed on the basis of source, antibacterialresistance, the ability of biofilm formation and virulence factors. Results: The minimum concentration of Zn...
In the present study, the efficacy of antibiotic-nanoparticle conjugates against the clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) were invesitgated. MRSA and MSSA were isolated from ICU patients and successfully confirmed by molecular methods. Antibiotic disc diffusion susceptibility revealed multiple antibiotic resistances in isolates. The MRSA and MSSA were also assesed against the oxide nanoparticles of calcium, magnesium and zinc. Among the nanoparticles, the zinc oxide was found more lethal against these potent pathogens. Thus, ZnO was conjugated with antibiotic which showed a synergistic antibacterial activity. Interestingly, the 1 to 3µg/mL of methicillin conjugated ZnO particles was found as a benchmark concentration range during evaluation of MIC. However, similar concentration ranges of antibiotics alone were incapable of producing good antibacterial activity. Conclusively, the synthesized conjugates can be used as an alternative to the currently available drugs especially the ones to which bacteria are getting resistant.
Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Disrupt Established Biofilms of Pathogenic Bacteria
Applied Sciences, 2022
Global emergence and persistence of the multidrug-resistant microbes have created a new problem for management of diseases associated with infections. The development of antimicrobial resistance is mainly due to the sub-judicious and unprescribed used of antimicrobials both in healthcare and the environment. Biofilms are important due to their role in microbial infections and hence are considered a novel target in discovery of new antibacterial or antibiofilm agents. In this article, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) were prepared using extract of Plumbago zeylanica. ZnO-NPs were characterized and then their antibiofilm activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The ZnO-NPs were polydispersed, and the average size was obtained as 24.62 nm. The presence of many functional groups indicated that phytocompounds of P. zeylanica were responsible for the synthesis, capping, and stabilization of ZnO-NPs. Synthesized NPs inhibited the biofilm formation of E. coli,...
Nanostructured zinc oxide enhances the activity of antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus
J. Biosci. …, 2010
The synthesis and bioactivity of zinc nanoparticles has been extensively studied. However, the antibacterial activity of zinc nanoparticles individually or in combination with different antibiotics has not been demonstrated. In the present study the .effect of zinc nano particles on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus. Disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of various classes of antibiotics in the absence and presence of sub inhibitory concentration of zinc nano particles. A clinical isolate of S. aureus was used as the test strain. In the presence of sub-inhibitory concentration of zinc nano particles (100µg/disc) the antibacterial activities of all antibiotics have. Increased from minimum 2 mm to a maximum of 10mm. The highest increase was observed for Penicillin G and Amikacin. These results signify that the zinc nano particles potentiate the antimicrobial action of beta lactums, cephalosporins, amino glycosides, glycopeptides, macrolids and lincosamides, tetracycline, suggesting a possible utilization of nano compounds in combination therapy against S. aureus.
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2012
Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is an important cause of pyogenic skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). MRSA is an important pathogen in the healthcare sector that has neither been eliminated from the hospital nor community environment. In humans, S. aureus causes superficial lesions in the skin and localized abscesses, pyogenic meningitis/encephalitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, invasive endocarditis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections and septicemia. Investigations focused in the search of other alternatives for the treatment of MRSA infections are in progress. Among the range of compounds whose bactericidal activity is being investigated, ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) appears most promising new unconventional antibacterial agent that could be helpful to confront this and other drug-resistant bacteria. The aim of present study is to investigate the antibacterial potential of ZnO-NPs against Staphylococcus species isolated from the pus and wounds swab from the patients with skin and soft tissue infections in a tertiary care hospital of north India. ZnO-NPs (&19.82 nm) synthesized by sol-gel process were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction , and Atomic force microscopy. The antibacterial potential was assessed using time-dependent growth inhibition assay, well diffusion test, MIC and MBC test and colony forming units methods. ZnO-NPs inhibited bacterial growth of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), MRSA and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) strains and were effective bactericidal agents that were not affected by drug-resistant mechanisms of MRSA and MRSE.
International journal of drug delivery technology, 2022
INTRODUCTION Microparticle (MPs) use extended to biomedical applications, including antibiotic drugs for conventional uses in clinics, implants, and cosmetics. 1,2 Their particle size thereby influences antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms. 3 Delivery into tumor cells of ZnO NPs as carriers of antitumor drugs for targeted drug, on different types of cancers along with their mode of actions, 4,5 less cytotoxic metal oxide NPs of metallic oxide display promising prospects withinside the area of biomedicine. 6 There are many sorts of metallic oxides nanoparticles like ZnO, CuO, TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , MgO, NiO, and ZrO 2 nanoparticles. 7 In scientific settings, this has a profound effect on the remedy of implant-related infections, as those are characterized by biofilm formation. 8 Different characterization nanocomposite materials such as physical and chemical NPs gave greater properties. 9 Staphylococcus aureus, even though commonly recognized as a commensal, human bacterial infection in which different gentle tissues include pores, skin, bones, and bloodstream. Antistaphylococcal antimicrobial drugs have higher resistance to every new category. 10 MATERIAL AND METHODS Zinc acetate heptahydrate (ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O) and (NaOH), used chemicals were employed without any treatment in this work. Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Directly by precipitation, The ZnO-NPs were prepared from two aqueous solutions, NaOH and ZnSO 4 .7H 2 O. 11 The precursor solwution with vigorous stirring for 20 minutes. A solution with pH=7 containing a white precipitate can be observed as shown in Figure 1. was collected the white precipitate filtered with distilled water and washed several times. Characteristics of Synthesis Samples Techniques were used to conduct this work, such as Atomic absorption analysis, which was applied to estimate all ZnO NPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ABSTRACT A novel technique for nanoparticles with a chemical method and impact for resistance bacteria methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), UV-visible analysis confirmed the by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction pattern estimation antimicrobial excellent antibacterial activity against MRSA (with zone of inhibition of 11 ± 02 mm , 9 ± 01 mm,8 ± 03 mm and 7.5 ± 02 mm and 6.5 ± 02 mm) at different concentrations (0.5 ,0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.03125) mg/ml while good activity was 16 ± 03 mm at 17 ± 02 mm zone at 0.25, 0.125 mg/mL, respectively. The increase in microorganism resistance to antibiotics a couple of have caused Antimicrobial factors are widely recognized (ZnO NPs) and are less toxic and biological safety. evaluation of MRSA by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.5, 0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.03125) mg/Ml of ZnO NPs. This research aims to study zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesis and antibacterial. In vivo evaluation precipitation method of cytotoxicity was determined WRL68 normal A375 cells.
International Journal of Nanomedicine
Background: Considering the timeline required for the development of novel antimicrobial drugs, increased attention should be given to repurposing old drugs and improving antimicrobial efficacy, particularly for chronic infections associated with biofilms. Methicillinsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are common causes of biofilm-associated infections but produce different biofilm matrices. MSSA biofilm cells are typically embedded in an extracellular polysaccharide matrix, whereas MRSA biofilms comprise predominantly of surface proteins and extracellular DNA (eDNA). Nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to enhance the delivery of antimicrobial agents into biofilms. However, the mechanisms which influence the interactions between NPs and the biofilm matrix are not yet fully understood. Methods: To investigate the influence of NPs surface chemistry on vancomycin (VAN) encapsulation and NP entrapment in MRSA and MSSA biofilms, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with different surface functionalization (bare-B, amine-D, carboxyl-C, aromatic-A) were synthesised using an adapted Stöber method. The antibacterial efficacy of VAN-loaded MSNs was assessed against MRSA and MSSA biofilms. Results: The two negatively charged MSNs (MSN-B and MSN-C) showed a higher VAN loading in comparison to the positively charged MSNs (MSN-D and MSN-A). Cellular binding with MSN suspensions (0.25 mg mL −1) correlated with the reduced viability of both MSSA and MRSA biofilm cells. This allowed the administration of low MSNs concentrations while maintaining a high local concentration of the antibiotic surrounding the bacterial cells. Conclusion: Our data suggest that by tailoring the surface functionalization of MSNs, enhanced bacterial cell targeting can be achieved, leading to a novel treatment strategy for biofilm infections.
PLoS ONE, 2014
The formation of bacterial biofilm is a major challenge in clinical applications. The main aim of this study is to describe the synthesis, characterization and biocidal potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) against bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These nanoparticles were synthesized via soft chemical solution process in a very short time and their structural properties have been investigated in detail by using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements. In this work, the potential of synthesized ZnO-NPs (,10-15 nm) has been assessed in-vitro inhibition of bacteria and the formation of their biofilms was observed using the tissue culture plate assays. The crystal violet staining on biofilm formation and its optical density revealed the effect on biofilm inhibition. The NPs at a concentration of 100 mg/mL significantly inhibited the growth of bacteria and biofilm formation. The biofilm inhibition by ZnO-NPs was also confirmed via bio-transmission electron microscopy (Bio-TEM). The Bio-TEM analysis of ZnO-NPs treated bacteria confirmed the deformation and damage of cells. The bacterial growth in presence of NPs concluded the bactericidal ability of NPs in a concentration dependent manner. It has been speculated that the antibacterial activity of NPs as a surface coating material, could be a feasible approach for controlling the pathogens. Additionally, the obtained bacterial solution data is also in agreement with the results from statistical analytical methods.