Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Potential of Methanolic Extract of Ceiba Pentandra (original) (raw)
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2016
The use of medicinal plant is accepted as the most common form of traditional medicine in the world. The present study determined the anti-inflammatory potentials of methanol extract of Ceiba pentandra stem bark using different models such as xylene-induced ear oedema, egg albumin-rat paw oedema and vascular permeability tests, while the analgesic properties were determined using acetic acid-induced writhing and tail flick latency tests. The methanol extract of Cieba pentandra stem bark showed significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of xylene-induced ear oedema and egg albumin-induced paw oedema, and reduction of acetic acid-induced vascular permeability. It also significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of writhes in acetic acid-induced writhing test and protected against heat-induced pain in the tail flick latency test, all in a dosedependent manner. The presence of flavonoids in the plant extract might be responsible for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the ext...
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of Ceratonia siliqua L. methanol barks extract
2016
Ceratonia siliqua L. has been used in Moroccan trad i ional medicine as antidiarrheal and diuretic. The infusion of carob leaves is used as an emetic for acute poisoni ng. The present investigation was designed to deter min the antiinflammatory potential of methanolic barks extract of Ceratonia siliqua in rodents using female Swiss mice (20-30 g) and Wistar male rats (150-250 g). The acute toxi city studies were carried out based on OECD 423 gui delines. The LD50 of Ceratonia siliqua was found to be more than 5 g /kg and did not produce mortality or changes in general behavior of the tested animals. Methanolic barks extract of Ceratonia siliqua was investigated for antiinflammatory properties by using carrageenan and ex perimental trauma-induced hind paw oedema in rodent s at the dose of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg p.o. respectively, Indom ethacin at 10 and 20 mg/kg was used as standard. Fr om the results obtained, the methanolic barks extract of C eratonia siliqua showed significant reducti...
Acute and Subacute Toxicity Study of Methanolic Extract of ceiba pentandra (Linn.) Gaertn. on Rats
Journal of Scientific Research, 2013
The purpose of toxicity testing is to provide adequate database to make decisions concerning the toxicology properties of chemical and commercial products. In some situations, the purpose is to decide whether a material will be safe. Under the conditions of expected use in other situations, the objective is to establish the safe limits in condition of use. The methanolic extract of ceiba pentandra was evaluated for acute and subacute toxicity in adult Wistar rats. For the study of acute toxicity, the methanol extract of roots of C. pentandra (MCP) was given separately in various doses (50, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg) by oral route. The results showed no signs of toxicity such as general behavior change, mortality, or change in gross appearance of internal organs. Subacute toxicity was studied by daily oral doses 100, 400 and 750 mg/kg (low dose, intermediate dose and high dose) orally for 28 days. The results showed no abnormalities in treated groups as compared to the controls. Although...
Acute and Subacute Toxicity Study of Methanolic Extract of ceiba pentandra (Linn.) Gaertn. on Rats
Journal of Scientific Research, 2013
The purpose of toxicity testing is to provide adequate database to make decisions concerning the toxicology properties of chemical and commercial products. In some situations, the purpose is to decide whether a material will be safe. Under the conditions of expected use in other situations, the objective is to establish the safe limits in condition of use. The methanolic extract of ceiba pentandra was evaluated for acute and subacute toxicity in adult Wistar rats. For the study of acute toxicity, the methanol extract of roots of C. pentandra (MCP) was given separately in various doses (50, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg) by oral route. The results showed no signs of toxicity such as general behavior change, mortality, or change in gross appearance of internal organs. Subacute toxicity was studied by daily oral doses 100, 400 and 750 mg/kg (low dose, intermediate dose and high dose) orally for 28 days. The results showed no abnormalities in treated groups as compared to the controls. Although...
Toxicological studies of Ceiba pentandra Linn
The toxicity profile of aqueous methanol extract of Ceiba pentandra leaves was investigated in mice. Two parameters were determined; acute toxicity and chronic toxicity. For acute toxicity test, the LD 50 was found to be over 5000 mg/kg. For chronic toxicity test, the mice were injected with graded doses (250-500 mg/kg) of the leaves extract daily for 21 days and the effects on body weight, hematological and serum biochemical parameters were determined. The results revealed that there was no significant change in body weight, meaning that the extract is relatively safe for oral medical use. In fact there were no variable changes in the body weight of the mice from day zero (D 0) to day twenty one (D 21) in all the groups. The parameters determined during chronic toxicity test reveals that the concentrations of urea, chloride ion sodium ion ,potassium ions and bicarbonate were 11.2, 83.2, 131.6, 8.44 and 38 mMol/L respectively for the test animals .The result shows that apart from urea, all other parameters were within physiological acceptable range. The results further reveals, that there was a decrease in Craetinine (88 uMol/L) and Total Protein (57.4 g/L), while AST (19 IU/L), ALT (10 IU/L) and ALP (204 IU/L) concentrations has significantly increased .While there was no significant change in PCV and bilirubin concentrations The finding reveals that C. pentandra has very low toxicity profile in all the tested animals and the plant is relatively safe for herbal oral medication.
Objective: Among the invention of novel anti-inflammatory agents from modern research and drug development, the natural sources exist as evergreen to produce potential secondary metabolites that possess multiple efficacy against inflammatory mediators with no adverse reactions. Methods: Accordingly, Cadaba indica lam (Capparidaceae) produced the positive results for phenol, flavonoids, steroid, and saponins in preliminary phytochemical screening and exhibited the potent anti-inflammatory activity (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) by methanolic leaf extract against carrageenaninduced paw edema using rats in dose-dependent manner stayed closer to reference standard indomethacin (25 mg/kg) compared to petroleum ether and aqueous extract. Results: Thus, the plant C. indica lam might be considered to posses potential secondary metabolites against inflammatory agents and act as lead to isolation of novel therapeutic compounds. Conclusion: The phytochemical test indicates the presence of phenol, flavonoids, steroid, and saponins in leaf extract of C. indica may be known to possess anti-inflammatory property. The result of anti-inflammatory activity produced by the methanolic extract was threshold of isolation of bio molecules from the natural sources in diverse drug development in the near future being responsible for the pharmaceutical industries.
Oriental Pharmacy and …, 2011
Cat's claw is an herbal medicine from the Amazon that is used widely to treat inflammatory disorders. The purpose of this study was to characterize the antioxidative and antiinflammatory properties of cat's claw, Uncaria tomentosa (UT) and Uncaria guianensis (UG). Alkaloids and flavanols were determined using reversed-phase HPLC; scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radicals, and lipid peroxidation by spectrophotometry; and TNFα production by ELISA. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in vitro by inhibition of TNFα and nitrite production from RAW 264.7 cells exposed to LPS (50 ng/ml) and in vivo using the indomethacin-induced gastritis model. Apoptosis was assessed using the TUNEL technique and TNFα mRNA by in situ RT-PCR. In each of the antioxidant assays tested, UG was more potent than UT (P < 0.01). The total oxindole and pentacyclic alkaloid content of UT was 35-fold > UG. The IC 50 value for inhibition of TNFα production was significantly (P < 0.01) higher for UT (14.1 ng/ml) vs UG (9.5 ng/ml), yet at concentrations that were considerable lower than that required for antioxidant activity. Non-alkaloid HPLC fractions from UT decreased LPS-induced TNFα and nitrite production in RAW 264.7 cells (P < 0.01) at a concentration range comparable to the parent botanical. Oral pretreatment for 3 d with UT protected against indomethacin-induced gastritis, and prevented TNFα mRNA expression and apoptosis. These results indicate that while both species of cat's claw provide effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, U. guianensis is more potent. In conclusion, the presence of oxindole or pentacyclic alkaloids did not influence the antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties of cat's claw.
Ceiba pentandra is huge, wide, normally found in wild forest of West Africa. The present study investigated the nutritional and bioactive components of the leaf of the popularly consumed vegetable in some part of Nigeria and other West Africa countries. The proximate analysis and bioactive constituents were determined by standard methods of AOAC, while vitamins A, E, micro/macro elements and fatty acids were determined using AAS and HPLC respectively. The results showed that the leaf contained 4.891 ± 0.35% moisture, 12.97 ± 1.60% protein, 52.06 ± 2.10% carbohydrate, 4.35 ± 0.60% fat, 7.54 ± 0.46% ash, 18.15 ± 0.05% crude fiber, 0.73 ± 0.07 µg/g vitamin A, 4.91 ± 0.16 mg/g vitamin C and 0.18 ± 0.02 mg/g vitamin E while micro/macro elements and fatty acids showed that the leaf contained 0.33 ± 0.05, 7.66 ± 1.40, 2.46 ± 0.46, 11.40 ± 2.10, 5.53 ± 0.95, 0.02 ± 0.04, 0.03 ± 0.01 and 0.04 ± 0.02 mg/100 g of Fe, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu and Zn respectively. 15.92 ± 0.17% palmitic acid and 0.72 ± 0.02% linolelic acid. The bioactive compound found were 173.94 ± 3.09 mg/g phenolics, 4.54 ± 0.02 mg/g alkaloids, 26.06 ± 0.16 mg/g flavonoids, 0.48 ± 0.03 mg/g tannins, 1.55 ± 0.04 mg/g saponnins, 0.15 ± 0.02 mg/g phytate, 14.54 ± 0.50 TUI units/mg trypsin inhitors, 9.65 ± 1.28 HUI unit/mg hemagglutinin inhibitors. All these results indicate that the leaves of this C. pentandra contained nutrients and mineral elements that may be useful in nutrition, while the bioactive compounds explained the medicinal action of the plant leaves encountered in its therapeutic uses and or which provide scientific basis for its use in folk medicine. dalam pengobatannya yang menggunakan atau menyediakan dasar ilmiah untuk penggunaannya sebagai obat rakyat.
Ceiba pentandra is a tropical tree of order Malvales and the family Malvaceae. The basic objective of this research work is to determine the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of Ceiba pentandra. Fresh leaves and bark of Ceiba petandra was collected at Akungba Akoko. Ceiba pentandra (leaf and bark) were prepared for extraction using ethyl acetate. The test organisms used for this research work are: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Kleibsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial assay was carried out using Agar dilution method. Four concentrations were used namely; 60, 30, 15, and 7.5mg/ml. Ethyl acetate was most highly reactive with the highest zone of inhibition (11.0) and lowest zone of inhibition (1.0). The phytochemical screening shows that flavonoid and Anthraquinone are absent while Cardiac Glycoside, Steroid, Phenol, Tannins, Saponin and alkaloid is present. Quantitative analyses were carried out on the elemental composition of Ceiba pentandra. The elements present are: Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, lead, copper and manganense. In Ceiba pentandra leaf, calcium has a higher value (29.34) while copper has the lowest value (1.00). Potassium has the highest value (43.21) while iron has the lowest value (4.36) in bark extract of Ceiba pentandra while lead and copper are not detected. Quantitative analyses of anti-nutrients were carried out on Ceiba pentandra. The anti-nutrients present are: Tannin, Phenol, Phylate, Oxalate, Saponin, Flavonoid and Alkaloids. Phylate has the highest ant-nutrients percentage (leaf 12.33% and bark 12.45%) while Tannin has the lowest value (leaf 2.30% and bark 2.25%). Proximate analysis was carried out on Ceiba pentandra. Ash, moisture content, crude protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate are present. Carbohydrate has the highest percentage (leaf 53.72% and bark 53.79%) while and Fat has the lowest percentage wh
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011
Treatment of animals with EDS significantly inhibited the numbers of acetic acid-induced writhing responses at doses of 0.5 g/kg (P < 0.01), 1 1.0 g/kg (P < 0.001) and 2.0 g/kg (P < 0.001). This inhibitory effect of EDS (1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) on acetic acid-induced writhings was similar to that of the positive control indomethacin (10 mg/kg) (P < 0.001). EDS did not significantly inhibit the formalin-induced pain in the early phase; however, at doses of 0.1 g/kg (P < 0.01), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg, EDS significantly inhibited the formalin-induced pain in the late phase (P < 0.001). Finally, EDS at doses of 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg also inhibited the development of paw edema induced by l-carrageenan (carrageenan). EDS (1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg) decreased the level of nitiric oxide (NO) in edematous paw tissue and in serum level, and diminished the level of serum tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) at the fifth hour after carrageenan injection. Based on these findings, EDS probably exerts antiinflammatory effects by suppressing TNF-a and NO. These results suggest that EDS might be a potential pharmacological analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent.