Study on possible economic and environmental impacts of electric vehicle infrastructure in public road transport in Kolkata (original) (raw)

Electric vehicles and India's low carbon passenger transport: a long-term co-benefits assessment

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017

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Electric vehicle: a futuristic approach to reduce pollution (A case study of Delhi

World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research, 2007

In developing countries, city traffic is growing at a very fast rate. Rapid urbanisation, industrialisation, insurance and loan facilities etc., are some of the important factors which accelerate the growth of traffic in urban areas. The city of Delhi, like other cities in developing countries, is facing an acute transport management problem. This primary transport management problem leads to many more secondary problems such as traffic congestion, high energy consumption, loss of productivity, increase in accidental death rates, vehicular parking problem and deterioration of the environment. In this paper, we conducted a survey based on a structured questionnaire for the need for electric vehicles. By analysis of the data collected, we found that if the people opt for the Electric Vehicle (EV), the pollution emitted by all the cars and jeeps will be reduced to 75,991 tonnes from 1,01,051 tonnes per year. Similarly, on the adoption of EV cars in Delhi, an amount of Rs. 4940.51 -3715.26 = Rs. 1225.25 crores (Approx. USD 28,16,663) can be reduced, which is now being annually spent on petrol.

Is Electric Street Car a Sustainable Public Transport System in India? A Demand Side Analysis

2018

Electric Street Car (ESC) is well acknowledged as a public transport system in urban space which offers better safety, minimum pollution, conservation of fossil fuel and hence establishing as an ideal one for urban agglomeration. Yet, India embarked on an ambitious plan for going all-electric by 2030 by procuring E-buses rather than ESCs (i.e., tramways). The crucial question is, when the government is trying to implement electric public transport system with a drive towards a low carbon emission technology then why not upgrade the existing ESC as a part of that initiative considering that the E-buses need a profound infrastructure development in India? This paper identifies the factors under which the stated preferences of the commuters to avail the ESC service are more than e-buses. Our study is based on the primary survey from randomly selected 1028 daily public transport commuters’ responses from the city of Kolkata, as in the Indian sub-continent it is the only city having ESCs...

Greening of Public Transport in Pune -A Feasibility Study

Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 2023

India's commitment to Electric Vehicles (EV) is a prime program furthering the country's achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 7. However, in spite of the muchneeded policy push, EV adoption in India has been slow, both in private ownership and in public mobility. The average Indian commuter still depends heavily on public transport such as public buses, railways and rickshaws. Thus, the success of the EV transition in India lies in the speed with which e-vehicles can be developed and adopted in public transport solutions. This study assesses the feasibility of converting the public transport fleet (buses and 3 wheelers) into e-vehicles for the city of Pune. Pune records high per capita private vehicle ownership, resulting in high traffic congestion, traffic indiscipline issues and high vehicular fatalities. It is thus imperative that not only should public transport usage increase in the city, but it should also be electric, such that sustainability goals are achieved. This study presents a techno-economic analysis of greening Pune's public transport fleet. This paper begins with section 1, which introduces the EV landscape in India. Section 2 details the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) framework, which evaluates financial costs associated with EVs in public transport fleets. Section 3 presents model results from the TCO analysis. Payback calculations are also presented to understand the minimum number of years to realise EV investment payback. Section 4 finally concludes this paper by presenting demand-side and supply-side interventions for a speedy EV transition for public transport fleets in Pune Metro Region.

Energy Consumption by Battery Operated Auto-rickshaws

Daffodil International University Journal of Science and Technology, 8(2), 71-76, 2013

The paper contains primary data based analysis on the energy consumption aspect of battery operated auto-rickshaws which is one of the crucial issues in the transportation system of a developing country like Bangladesh. Several aspects associated with the mode such as its energy consumption rate, effects of recharging of the mode on local town’s energy provision capacity, and the mode’s contribution in attenuation of transport related emissions are explored in the paper. The paper with scientific research outcomes would provide guidelines to the policy makers of a country regarding whether and how to incorporate the mode in the local town’s transportation system. Battery operated auto-rickshaw offers lower travel cost than rickshaw and greater travel comfort than other urban para-transits like auto tempo, nosimon and public transport like minibus, and therefore attracts urban passengers significantly from those modes. Around 88% of people living in a city where battery operated auto-rickshaws are available, use the mode now to meet their travel demand. Through attracting passengers from fuel operated vehicles, thus the mode replaces them at great extent. A considerable percentage of daily electricity demand of local towns is consumed by the mode which creates pressure on local electricity supply in turn. However, considering the duration and period of load shedding caused due to recharging the mode, energy consumption by the mode can be negotiated as the mode is liable only for 1.53 hours of load shedding a day which takes place at off-peak period (between 11:00 PM and 7:00 AM) at night.

Analysing the implications of electrification of public transport buses in Pune city, India

Current Science, 2022

The urban road transport sector in India currently faces the challenge of increased travel demand, increased use of private vehicles, traffic congestion as well as alarming levels of air pollution. The consequent public health problems, energy insecurity resulting from oil imports and pressure to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from the sector have also emerged as serious challenges for the country. Many cities in the world are considering electric buses for public transport as one of the potential solutions to address these issues. This article analyses the feasibility of introducing electric buses in the public transport fleet by estimating the financial burden that such a shift may entail, and the corresponding emissions it would mitigate. It also provides a methodology and illustrates the same for a city in India. The results indicate that while electric buses may not be financially viable at present and require state support and subsidies for operation, careful planning and phased implementation would make them a promising option for the future. The cost analysis indicates that for the immediate future, the replacement of air-conditioned diesel buses with similar electric buses in the fleet makes better economic sense. However, it is necessary to determine how the increased cost of using electric buses is to be distributed across the population of the city to avoid disproportionately burdening one section, i.e. bus commuters, with the cost of cleaning up the city's air.

‘All-Vehicle Electrification by 2030 Project’ in India – Impacts and Solutions

International Journal of Engineering Science, Advanced Computing and Bio-Technology, 2018

As a developing country, India is about to commence the most enthusiastic electric-car transformation in the transportation sector. India is planning to be the first all-electric vehicle country by 2030. Compared to previous years, a booming in electric vehicle sale is clearly visible in the vehicle markets. However, the question is whether India is equipped to welcome this transformation. The purpose of electrification of a vehicle is to ensure a pollution-free transportation. As per the latest reports, out of the 300 GW of electricity produced in India, 80% is from thermal power plants. The pollution contribution by thermal power plants is unquestionable. So the cause of vehicle electrification is violated at this point. Apart from that, the grid effects of plugged in hybrid vehicles is another major issue. As India lies in a geographical condition of high solar energy exposure, integration of renewable energy to the charging stations, grid and facilitating the V2G implementation will support this endeavor as well as help to establish a sustainable transport system. This paper presents a case study of impacts and challenges of vehicle electrification venture in India. In the proposed renewable energy powered wireless charger system according to the Indian model, efficiency of 94% achieved, which can replace the present grid based wired charger used in India. The findings and statements are validated with PSIM simulations and data published from Govt. of India.

Case Study on Challenges and Barriers of Electric Vehicle in India

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2021

Electrical Vehicles can be considered as an essential option for reducing greenhouse gases emission in transport sector. Electrical Vehicles reduces the dependency on fossil fuels such as diesel, petrol etc , also it promotes large scale renewable deployment. However there are various barriers against electrical vehicles in Indian scenario which need to be overcome. This paper provides a general overview on EVs and analysis of barriers against the use of EVs in India. There are some essential barriers such as lack of charging facilities, higher price of EVs as compared to internal combustion vehicles and poor long term planning. So when renewable sources are not available, special features of EVs are mandatory for their operation.

How Can India Achieve Sustainable Transportation Goals Through Electrification?

2020

Air pollution has led to global temperature increases and health hazards. Emission reduction is a global mission, and countries worldwide are working towards this goal. Transportation network electrification is a possible solution. Electrifying only transit systems will not have much impact without energy policy evolution and renewable source share enhancement. Since transportation needs rise with increasing population, emission intensity reduction steps should be implemented soon to affect global emission reduction. This work proposes reducing the share of vehicles with high per-passenger emissions and replacing them with mass transit systems under a generation scenario. It primarily establishes emission trends under the current vehicle scenario with only fossil fuel-burning vehicles and electric vehicle (EV) scenarios. It also considers different fuel mixes and finally compares all vehicle and fuel mix combinations. Results reveal that the proposed transport and fuel mix options h...