Modeling the effect of static stretching and strengthening exercise in lengthened position on balance in low back pain subject with shortened hamstring: a randomized controlled clinical trial (original) (raw)
Related papers
Objectives: As the hamstrings and lumbar extensors have their muscular origin in the pelvis, there may be possible relationship among these structures. So weakness or inflexibility of one structure may correspondingly change the strength and position of the other to maintain pelvis control, which may lead to development of low back pain. So the aim of the study is to compare the prevalence of hamstrings tightness in subjects with chronic low back pain versus normal individuals. Methods: A comparative study was conducted at S.B.B. College of Physiotherapy. A convenience sample of 60 participants with age group between 20 to 60 years was taken, 30 in each group. Group A were patients with chronic low back pain who were not taking any physiotherapy treatment and Group B were age and gender matched normal individuals. For both the groups, persons with previous history of knee injury, knee deformity and fractures around knee joint with limited range of movement and radiating pain were excluded. Patients with low back pain of more than 3 months and normal individuals who were not involved in any flexibility programme were approached and flexibility of hamstrings was measured by active knee extension test. Results: Means of hamstrings flexibility in groups A & B were compared using Mann Whitney U test. Mean degree of hamstrings tightness for A=31.63°±8.34°, B=14.30°±9.70°, U=81.00, p<0.01.Conclusion: There was significant difference of hamstrings flexibility between patients having chronic low back pain and age and gender matched normal individuals.
Negah Institute for Social Research & Scientific Communication , 2021
Flexibility is an essential component of muscle function, and insufficient muscle flexibility may lead to muscle injuries. Decreased hamstring flexibility is one of the frequently reported risk factors for a hamstring strain and diminished athletic performance. Stretching is a commonly used intervention for increasing muscle length. There is a lack of evidence concerning the possible effects of hamstring stretching in balance and gait biomechanics. So, this study was designed to investigate the potential effects of static hamstring stretching on the range of motion (ROM), dynamic balance, and biomechanical variables of gait in athletes with hamstring tightness. Materials and Methods: This study is a single-group, pretest-posttest clinical trial performed on semi-professional female athletes. Twelve female athletes aged 20 to 35 years with bilateral hamstring tightness received a single session of unilateral static hamstring stretching on their randomly selected side. All subjects were assessed for straight leg raise, popliteal angle (using standard goniometry), perceived hamstring tightness (using a visual analog scale). They completed single-leg standing and 15-m walking and running tasks before and immediately after the intervention. The biomechanical parameters, including gait-line length, swing duration, and stance duration in walking tasks, maximum total force and mean total force in running task, and center of pressure (COP) displacement and standard deviation during balance task were measured using OpenGo sensor insole system. The pre-post values were compared using the paired sample t-test, and the level of significance was 0.05. Results: The values for straight leg raise and popliteal angle significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with the baseline, while perceived tightness significantly decreased following stretching (P<0.001). The amplitude (P₌0.006) and standard deviation (P₌0.016) of COP displacement in the mediolateral direction during the single leg stance balance task were significantly decreased after the intervention. Stance duration in slow walking (P₌0.004), as well as stance duration (P₌0.012) and swing duration (P<0.001) in fast walking, were significantly decreased (P<0.05) after stretching. No change was observed in gait biomechanical variables during the running test (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that static hamstring stretching can be a promising intervention not just for increasing hamstring flexibility but also for improving balance ability.
Effects of Various Therapeutic Techniques in the Subjects with Short Hamstring Syndrome
International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, 2016
Background: Decreased flexibility of Hamstrings has a negative impact on the posture of lumbo-pelvic region and may serve as a cause of low back pain. It is also a major contributing factor for lumbar spine disorders, hamstring strains and other sports related injuries. Aims: The objective of the study is to determine the effects of various therapeutic techniques such as Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition Technique, Neurodynemic sliding and Static Stretching Technique in the subjects with Short Hamstring Syndrome. Materials and Methods: Present study conducted as Pre-test-Post-test Experimental study with a simple Random Sampling for a duration of 5 days/week *2 weeks. Outcome Measures of the study includes Passive SLR (<80 0) Active knee extension test (<125 0) Sit and reach test. Group Wise Interventions: Group 1: Suboccipital muscle inhibition group. 20 subjects were given suboccipital muscle inhibition technique continuously for 2min. Group 2: Neurodynamic sliding group. 20 subjects were receive neurodynamic sliding technique passively for continuous 180 seconds. Group 3: Static stretching group. 20 subjects were receive static stretching 30 seconds *3 repetition. Group 4: Control group. 20 subjects who does not receive any treatment. Sample Size: 80 subjects were participated in study. 20 subjects in each group. Statistical Analysis: Paired t-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the obtained data. Results and Conclusion: All three techniques SMI, NDS and static stretch are very effective (p-value<0.0001) in improving hamstring flexibility in subjects with short hamstring syndrome.
Background: Hamstring tightness or decreased flexibility is a predisposing cause for the hamstring strain, lumbar spine disorders, and low back pain.. Objective: To determine whether muscle energy technique or static-passive stretch is the better treatment for increasing hamstring flexibility in patients suffering from nonspecific chronic low back pain. Materials and methods: It were a quasi-experimental study which completed in 4 months from November 2016 to February 2017. A total of 60 subjects of chronic nonspecific low back pain who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected from different hospital settings of Lahore through convenient sampling and allocated into Group A and Group B. After pre-testing through active knee extension test, subjects in Group A were given muscle energy technique along with conventional physiotherapy and subjects in Group B were given static passive stretching along with conventional physiotherapy treatment. Post-test measurements were taken after 4 weeks. The treatment of five sessions a week, for a total of four weeks, was given to both groups. Improvement in hamstring flexibility was measured through active knee extension test. Results: SPSS version 20 was used for analysis. Within groups analysis showed that mean popliteal angle of Group A in pretest measurements was 146.03±12.92 and in posttest measurements was 158.70±9.87 (p<0.001*) and mean popliteal angle of measurements in Group B for pretest readings was 147.30±10.75 and in posttest reading, was 155.67±11.55(p<0.001*) showing significant improvement with both interventions. Mean of difference of pretest-posttest popliteal angle measurement in Group A was 12.67±6.53 and in Group B was 8.37±3.85 (P=0.003) showing that there was statistically significant difference between improvement of both groups and interventions of Group A (METs) are better in improving hamstring flexibility as compared to interventions in group B (static passive stretch) Conclusion: Muscle energy techniques and static passive stretching, both were effective in improving the hamstring flexibility but muscle energy techniques were found to have better effect as compared to static passive stretching in improving hamstring flexibility in patients with non-specific low back pain
Effect of Static Stretching on Muscle Activation During Sit to Stand Among Low Back Pain Population
Jurnal Teknologi
Differential muscle activation pattern following hamstring stretching among low back pain (LBP) is being reported. Reduce in hamstring extensibility can alter the lumbar lordosis during sitting thus put pressure on lumbar intervertebral discs and increase load on the lumbar spine. This can lead to changes in the pelvic motion and altered the functional movement especially during sit to stand (STS). Thus, the faulty motion and muscles will be used and further lead to the changes of muscle activation especially to the back and lower limb muscles. Previous study showed that static stretching can help to increase activation of muscle among LBP population. However, limited evidence exists regarding the effects of static hamstring stretching on muscle activation of gluteus maximus during STS among LBP population. The main objective is to determine the effect of static hamstring stretching on hamstring flexibility on muscle activation of gluteus maximus (GM) during STS among LBP population...
International Journal of Research Publications, 2021
Background: The hamstring muscle is one of the lower extremity muscles that has shortened tendency. Shortening hamstring muscle, that called hamstring tightness, is associated with decreased extensibility of the hamstring muscles and pelvic tilt angle. Static stretching exercise is one of the stretching exercise methods that is used to increase hamstring muscle length. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of static stretching exercise on hamstring muscle extensibility and pelvic tilt angle in hamstring tightness. Material/Methods: Quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control group design. The subjects of this study were 28 male students, who were divided into 2 groups. The treatment group and control group both consisted of 14 people. the hamstring muscle extensibility will be measured by examining active knee extension (AKE) and pelvic tilt angle will be measured with an inclinometer, which will be evaluated in four weeks in both groups. Result: Static stretching exercise had a significant effect on increasing the extensibility of hamstring muscles (p < 0.05) when compared to the control group. Meanwhile, static stretching exercise does not have a significant effect on the pelvic tilt angle (p > 0.05) as well as the control group. Furthermore, there is no correlation between the value of hamstring muscle extensibility and pelvic tilt angle after the intervention (p > 0.05).
Effect of Body Position and Type of Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility
2016
Background and objective: Stretching exercise protocols, as part of outpatient treatment or home exercise programs, are used to improve muscle flexibility. So, the aim of the study was to examine the body position effect (standing and supine) and dynamic range of motion (DROM) stretching technique on hamstring flexibility. Material and Methods: Seventy five subjects with decreased flexibility of hamstring (defined as ≥30 ° loss of active knee extension, from 90°hip flexion position), participants were randomly assigned to one of three equal groups. The first group performed static stretch from standing for 30 sec. The second group performed static stretch from supine for 30 sec. The third group performed DROM stretch. The stretching procedure conducted three times per week for four weeks. Results: There was a significant increase in the knee extension range of motion for standing, supine and DROM stretch (p < 0.05). Stretch from standing and supine was significantly higher than D...
The Effect of Standing , Supine and Dynamic Stretching on Hamstring Muscles Flexibility
2014
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of standing, supine and dynamic range of motion (DROM) stretch on hamstring flexibility. Methods: Forty-five subjects, ranging in age from 18 to 32 years and with limited hamstring flexibility (defined as lacked at least 25° of active knee extension with the hip flexed to 90°) volunteer to participate in this study, were randomly assigned to one of three groups. One group performed 30 second standing static stretch, three days a week. The second group performed 30 second supine static stretch, three days a week. The third group performed DROM stretch three days a week by lying supine with the hip held in 90° of flexion. The subjects then actively moved the leg into knee extension (5 seconds), held the leg in end range knee extension for 5 seconds, and the slowly lowered the leg to initial position (5 seconds). These movements were performed six times per session (30 seconds of total actual stretching time). All previous procedure ...
Purpose: To find and compare the effectiveness of standing and supine hamstrings stretching techniques in increasing hamstring flexibility. Methods: A Total of 25 subjects were selected for the study from girl’s hostel at NIMS University by random sampling. The design used was experimental design. A plastic hand held full circle goniometer was used to measure the hamstring flexibility. Crossbar was used to maintain hip in 90 degree flexion during active knee extension test.A stop watch was used for the time management. Results: The change in Pre stretching and Post stretching values of knee extension ramge of motion(in degrees) was 9.77+5.54 in right and 9.66+4.35 .The comparison of post stretching mean range of motion was 145.27 while standing and 143.61 while in supine position. The mean increase range of motion by standing ans supine hamstring stretching technique were 9.77 on standing and 9.66 while in supine position. Conclusion: Improvement in the knee extension range of motion as calculated were approximately equal. The “t” value calculated was 0.11, which was not significant at any level. Thus, standing hamstring and supine hamstring stretching techniques are equally effective in improving hamstring flexibility.