Responses of the Nigerian Local Breed of Dogs to Single Pulse, Trickle and Trickle Non-escalated Patterns of Ancylostoma caninum Infections (original) (raw)
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Response of Nigerian local breed of dog to graded doses of Ancylostoma caninum infection
Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences
The experiment investigated the response of Nigerian local breed of dog to different doses of Ancylostoma caninum infection. Sixteen dogs aged 6 to 7 months and assigned to 4 groups (A-D) of 4 dogs each were used. Groups A, B and C were infected with 100, 200 and 400 A. caninum infective larvae (L 3) while group D served as the uninfected control. Faecal egg count (FEC), red blood cell (RBC) counts, haemoglobin concentrations (HBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and body weight (BWT) were evaluated weekly from day 0 (D0) to D56 post-infection (Pi). The dogs were humanely sacrificed on D56 Pi to determine the adult worm count (WC). The mean FEC of dogs given 400 L 3 (group C) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those given 100 L 3 (group A). There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference between the mean FEC of groups B (200 L 3) and C dogs. The group C dogs had significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) worm burden than those in groups B and A. There was a dose dependent reduction in RBC counts, HBC and PCV of the infected dogs which was most significant (P < 0.05) in group C followed by group B. The control and group A dogs had a BWT gains of 0.75 and 0.15 kg, respectively at the end of the experiment when compared to their D0 BWT while groups B and C lost 1.70 and 3.30 Kg of their BWT by D56 respectively. The results of this study showed that while the FEC did not differ significantly among the infected dogs, other measures of parasite intensity, namely, WC, PCV, RBC, HBC and BWT differed in a dose dependent manner.
2013
This study compared the course of infection by Ancylostoma caninum and Ancylostoma braziliense in mixed-breed dogs infected with L 3 larvae. Dogs infected with A. caninum eliminated more eggs than did those infected with A. braziliense. A total of 38 % of A. caninum and 44 % of A. braziliense larvae were recovered as adult worms. There were no marked clinical abnormalities in dogs with either infection. A. caninum was associated with anemia and an increased number of circulating neutrophils, whereas infection with A. braziliense led to a decrease in the number of leukocytes. The humoral response against excreted and secreted antigens from adult worms was more sensitive and specific than the response induced with the crude antigen. No immune response was observed for either crude or excreted-secreted (ES) antigens from larvae of either species. A nonspecific response against the crude antigen of A. braziliense was found at 0 and 7 days postinfection and maintained throughout the infection period. However, antibody titers against ES antigens were elevated in A. caninum infection at patency and death, showing that this antigen has a higher specificity. The immune response elicited by infection with A. braziliense in dogs has not been described previously. No significant differences were observed in the infection processes of the two Ancylostoma species, except for the higher number of eggs eliminated from dogs infected with A. caninum, which may indicate a better evolutionary adaptation of the parasite to its host in comparison with A. braziliense.
Study on prevalence of ancylostomosis in dogs at Anand district, Gujarat, India
Veterinary World, 2015
This study was undertaken to derive the prevalence rate of ancylostomosis in dogs by a collection of fecal samples from Anand district. Materials and Methods: The fecal samples were collected from the dogs brought to the Hospital of Veterinary College (Teaching Veterinary Clinical Service Complex) and the surrounding areas of Anand district. On the day of collection, fecal samples were collected and brought to the Department of Veterinary Parasitology and processed for standard qualitative examination. The sedimentation technique was used to detect the presence of Ancylostoma spp. eggs in the samples. Result: The highest prevalence rate was observed in the month of May (36.66% fecal samples) and the lowest in the month of December (13.79% fecal samples) at Anand district. Conclusion: It can be concluded that heavy infection is present in Anand district especially in the season of summer followed by monsoon and the least in winter.
Veterinární Medicína, 2017
The molecular prevalence of Ancylostoma caninum was determined in stray and pet dogs in Lahore, Pakistan from July 2014 to August 2015. A total of 500 dog faecal samples were first evaluated using a sedimentation technique and further through a PCR assay targeting the ITS-2 region of the A. caninum genome. Overall, 130 (26%) samples were positive for hookworm infestation by microscopic examination. Only microscopically positive samples were processed for PCR and 89 (17.6%) were positive for A. caninum. Sequence analysis of amplicons showed 100% homology with A. caninum and the genotypes clustered in one clade with Brazilian A. caninum hookworms. There was a significantly (P < 0.05) increased prevalence in male dogs younger than six months old. Labrador retrievers had higher A. caninum incidence compared to German shepherds and other breeds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the molecular prevalence of A. caninum in dogs in Pakistan. The novel results of th...
2020
A 4-month old Caucasian dog was presented recumbent, with a stiff neck and inability to control his head at the University of Nigeria, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Nsukka. No wound was found on the body. There was hyperesthesia and paddling of the limbs. The mucous membrane was slightly pale. Laboratory examinations indicated no hemoparasite but fecal sample revealed a very high hookworm egg count. The dog was first treated with a combination of Albendazole suspension at 10 mg/kg BWT and Pyrantel pamoate @ 9 mg/Kg BWT once. Subsequently, following the persistence of high FEC (264 EPG, 700 EPG), Albendazole was again given at the manufacturer’s highest recommended dose of 25 mg/Kg on day 4 (3 days after the initial treatment). The faecal hookworm egg count was monitored every other day during the course of the treatment. Thereafter, on day 13 as the high FEC persisted (13,400 EPG), Ivomec super® (Ivermectin and Colorosum) at 1 ml/50 kg was given to the dog. Fecal examination reveale...
The efficacy and side effects of single dose treatment at different dose regimen of four anthelmintics against Ancylostoma caninum in experimentally infected pups were evaluated and compared based on total worm count and egg per gram (epg) count. Ancylol at both normal (1 mg/kg/BW) and elevated dose level (1.5 ml/kg/BW) showed 93.15 % and 93.87% (based on worm count) and 93.13 and 93.75 % (based on epg count) respectively. Whereas Ivomec ® (a brand of Ivermectin) at normal dose level (1 ml/50 kg) and elevated dose level (1.5 ml/50 kg) was found to be effective. The resul s were 79.48 % and 86.81% based on worm count and 89.44 % and 92 50 % based on epg count. Mebendazo e and P perazine even at elevated dose level was observed ineffective. Pups treated at normal and elevated dose level revealed acute toxicosis whereas those treated with Mebendazole showed cough and vomiting tendencies which later subsided and also, there was no risk involved in the adminis ration of the drugs. Statistical analysis showed that there was statistical difference (P < 0.05) in the efficacy of the drugs. However there was signif cant d ference (P < 0.05) between % efficacy and dosage. There was also significan difference between (P < 0 5) between epg count and drugs. The use of various compounds against ancylostomiasis in dogs has been discussed.
Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 2016
Ancylostoma caninum, a blood feeding nematode parasite (Family: Ancylostomatidae, Superfamily: Ancylostomatoidea) can cause anaemia, dark reddishbrown to black haemorrhagic diarrhoea, dehydration, wasting and deaths due to heavy blood loss. Adult hook worm parasites recovered from the intestine of a stray dog at the time of necropsy were identified as A. caninum based on morphological characters and morphometric observations involving scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different developmental stages of hookworm eggs viz. 8 cell stage, morula, gastrula and vermiform were observed during the culture process of faecal sample. High quality SEM photographs showed teeth of dimensions 52.5, 42.3 and 23.5 lm on one side and 55.4, 43.8 and 21.0 lm on the other side along with the presence of characteristic transverse cuticular striations on body surface of A. caninum parasites.
Comparative efficacy of ivermectin and fenbendazole against ancylostomiasis in dogs
The present experiment was carried ut to assess the comparative efficacy of ivermectin and fenbendazole individually for anthelmintic therapy for the hookworm infested dogs. Dogs presented to the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine or Veterinary Clinical Complex, Bhubaneswar were randomly screened for Ancylostoma caninum infection and the positive dogs were selected for the therapeutic trial Faecal samples were collected randomly from presented dogs immediately after defaecation or from the rectum directly using a faecal scoop. The collected sample was examined by floatation technique to detect the positive cases of Ancylostoma caninum infection. The dogs with normal clinical parameters and no eggs or ova in the faeces were included in in group 1 (n=12). Dogs with faecal sample positive for Ancylostoma caninum ova were recruited for the comparative study (n=24) which were grouped into two groups consisting of 12 dogs in each (group 2 and 3). Group 2 dogs (n=12) were treated w...
Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo, 2011
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and intensity of Ancylostoma spp. in 33 dogs and 52 cats by means of coproparasitological examinations and parasitological necropsy, and assess the presence of contaminated feces with eggs of that parasite in public places of Andradina Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil. Willis-Mollay and Sedimentation methods indicated Ancylostoma spp. eggs in 87.8% (29/33) dogs and 94.2% (49/52) cats. The species A. caninum and A. braziliense were found in 63.6% (21/33) and 30.3% (10/33) of dogs, respectively. Considering cats, 67.3% (35/52) were parasitized by A. braziliense, 21.1% (11/52) by A. caninum, and 9.6% (5/52) by A. tubaeforme. Forty-two canine fecal samples were collected from public environments, including 23 squares/gardens and 19 streets/sidewalks. Positive samples for Ancylostoma spp. accounted for 64.3% (27/42); squares/gardens had 60.9% (14/23) positive samples, and streets and sidewalks, 68.4% (13/19). No association was observed between the number of Ancylostoma spp parasites and age, sex and breed of the animals and also the ratio of EPG counts and the parasitic intensity observed at necropsy (p > 0.05). Based on the high occurrence of hookworm in dogs and cats in this study, the treatment with anti helminthics are needed even in those animals with negative stool tests, besides adopting control of the number of animals in public places, in order to decrease the likelihood of environmental contamination, since this parasite represents a potential hazard to human and animal health.
Epizootiology of zoonotic parasites of dogs in Abua Area of Rivers State, Nigeria
Veterinary and Animal Science
The study investigated zoonotic parasites of dogs in Abua area of Rivers State. Out of the 400 samples analysed 260(65%) were found to be positive with different parasite species. Parasite species recovered showed, Ancylostoma caninum and Strongyloides stercoralis were found in all the communities while Taenia spp. was found in only one community. There was a statistically significant difference in infection rates among the different age groups of dogs examined (X 2 = 59.79, df = 4, P = 0.000). Parasites species detected with respect to age of dogs showed that Ancylostoma caninum had the highest infection rate as it infected the three age groups of dogs in significant numbers (X 2 = 50.28, P = 0.000), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (X 2 = 24.87, P = 0.000). Other parasites that showed significant infections across the age groups include Diphylidium caninum (X 2 = 9.63, P = 0.008) and Toxocara canis (X 2 = 6.98, P = 0.03). All the other parasites; Spirocerca lupi, Baylisascaris procyonis, Taenia spp were not significant across the age groups. There was an overall mixed infection of 51(19.62%) of which 22 (8.46%) samples had mix infection of two parasite species of Ancylostoma caninum and Strongyloides stercoralis, 12 (4.62%) had Ancylostoma caninum and Diphylidium caninum, while 1(0.34%) with Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum. A mix infection of three parasite species was 6.15% comprising Ancylostoma caninum, Strongyloides stercoralis and Diphylidium caninum was recorded. In conclusion, Prevalence of zoonotic parasites of dogs in Abua was high. So, there is an urgent need for education of dog owners in the area to reduce this high infection rate and to reduce the danger of transmission of these infections to human as a result of ignorance on the part of the dog owners.