Bioactive Properties and Metabolite Profiles of Endolichenic Fungi in Mangrove Ecosystem of Negombo Lagoon, Sri Lanka (original) (raw)
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Journal of Chemistry
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of Phanerochaete sordida, an endolichenic fungus (ELF) isolated from the host lichen Bactrospora myriadea, collected from Negombo lagoon, Sri Lanka, led to the isolation of a bioactive compound. Following the identification of the fungus using morphological and DNA barcoding techniques, the pure compound was isolated using column chromatography, preparative TLC, and semipreparative HPLC. The structure elucidation was carried out using IR, HR-ESI-MS and 1H, 13C & 2D NMR spectroscopic methods. The in vitro bioassays conducted revealed that compound 1 has a high antioxidant activity with ABTS•+ (IC50 58.91 ± 1.35 μ M ), moderate anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 254.79 ± 1.41 μ M ), comparable antibacterial activity against the oral-bacterial strain Streptococcus mutans (MIC 898.79 μM and MLC 1797.58 μM), moderate tyrosinase inhibition (IC50 1713.69 ± 8.65 μ M ), and moderate cytotoxicity against oral cancer (IC50 13.65 ± ...
Endolichenic fungi (ELF) are unexplored group of organisms as a source for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites with radical scavenging activity, antilipase and amylase inhibitory activities. Endolichenic fungi in lichens collected from mangrove or mangrove associated plants are least known for their fungal diversity and potential to produce bioactive compounds. A total of 171 ELF strains were isolated from the lichens collected from mangrove and mangrove associated plants in Puttalam lagoon. Out of this collection, 70 isolates were identified using rDNA-ITS region sequence homology to the GenBank accessions and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. Commonly isolated genera of ELF from lichens were Aspergillus,
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019
The utilization of mangrove plants as traditional medicinal ingredients has long been utilized by the community for treatment of various diseases in favour of bioactive components from its secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites from mangroves could act as an antioxidant to prevent oxidative stress. Mangrove may contain endophytic microbes in its tissues that are capable of producing secondary metabolites. In theory, endophytic microbes isolated from a plant can produce secondary metabolites similar to those of the original plants or even in relatively high numbers. In this research, two mangrove species Avicennia marina and Xylocarpus granatum from Serang, Banten province, samples have been taken to investigate the antioxidant activities of its extracts. Furthermore, isolation of endophytic microbes from both mangroves had been done. This research succeeded to isolate six fungi and three bacteria as endophytic microbes. Meanwhile, the highest extraction yield was obtained by t...
2019
This study revealed the identification of emdophytic fungi of Ceriops decandra and to determine their antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Five isolates were identified on the basis of sequencing the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Four genera viz. Curvularia sp., Colletroticum sp., Chaetomium sp. and Fusarium sp. were identified. The sequenced data of ITS region was matched with genebank that revealed the relatedness of each of the isolated in species level. Extract GRN-18 (methanolic extract of Fusarium solani) showed maximum zone of inhibition (19.0±0.05mm) against Pseudomonas areruginosa at 500g/disc concentration. However, GRN-18 also showed almost similar zone of inhibition against all the test bacteria. To evaluate the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, extracts GRN-16 (methanolic extract of Curvularia jeniculate) showed better IC value (10.81) comparing with standard as Ascorbic acid (10.96μg/ml). Endophytic 50 fungi isolated from the C. decandr...
Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from mangrove fungal endophytes
World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2000
The aim of this work was to select endophytic fungi from mangrove plants that produced antimicrobial substances. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) or minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) of crude extracts from 150 isolates were determined against potential human pathogens by a colorimetric microdilution method. Ninety-two isolates (61.3%) produced inhibitory compounds. Most of the extracts (28–32%) inhibited
Antioxidants in mangrove plants and endophytic fungal associations
Botanica Marina, 2000
The manner in which fungal endophytes activate host stress response systems is unknown; the occurrence of additional mechanisms involved in symbiotically-conferred stress tolerance in mangrove plants (the primary producers of estuarine food chain) is also an unresolved issue. Here, we report antioxidant potentials of four different mangroves and their endophytic fungi. We elucidated the possible roles of antioxidants in symbiotic association between mangroves and their endophytic fungi. Four different mangrove species and the predominant endophytic fungus Aspergillus fl avus were analyzed using various in vitro assay systems (such as iron chelating capacity, reducing power, and hydroxyl radicals/hydrogen peroxide/l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation using the β -carotene -linoleate model system). In vitro models clearly established the antioxidant potency of extracts of mangrove plants and their respective endophytic fungi, which aids in understanding the mutualistic associations of plant and endophyte against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Re-infection analysis of endophytic A. fl avus in tobacco plants confi rmed the endophytic status of the fungus and its enhancement effect on plant growth.
Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from mangrove species
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
Mangroves have proven to possess strong bioactivities to survive their complex environmental condition. However, apart from the primary function of mangroves as an ecosystem keeper, mangroves are often overexploited for construction materials. Hence, their medicinal purposes are often overlooked, and the direct exploration of pharmacologically active compounds derived from mangrove species seems illogical. Endophytic bacteria are found capable of producing secondary metabolites similar or even the same as their host plant. Therefore, exploration of endophytic bacteria from mangroves becomes an excellent alternative for bioproduction of certain plant-specific bioactive compounds. Moreover, mangroves live in an extreme living environment, and therefore, may contain interesting endophytic bacteria that possess remarkable bioactivities, particularly antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from mangrove species collected from the Segara Anakan Lagoon, on the south coast of Java, Indonesia. Isolated bacteria were cultivated to produce secondary metabolites. Fermentation liquid was then extracted and investigated for its antioxidant activity and cytotoxic activity. Secondary metabolites from isolated bacteria showed to have potentials to be used as an antioxidant as well as a cytotoxic agent.
Frontiers in Microbiology
The Sundarbans forest in Bangladesh is the world's largest mangrove. It is a unique ecosystem where living organisms face extreme challenges to compete for survival. Such competition results in the production of bioactive molecules which are useful for agriculture and human health. In this study, eighty fungal endophytes from nine mangrove plants growing in a region, as yet unexplored, of the Sundarbans were isolated by surface sterilisation and pure culture techniques. Among the eighty isolates subjected to a preliminary antimicrobial screening using an agar plug diffusion assay, only fifteen showed some promising activity. These were subsequently identified by polymerase chain reaction of their ITS gene. Extracts prepared from the identified isolates were screened for antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Their total polyphenol and flavonoid content and their FRAP value were also determined. All endophytes are reported for the first time in the plants under investigation.
Endophytic Fungi of Marine Alga From Konkan Coast, India—A Rich Source of Bioactive Material
Frontiers in Marine Science, 2020
Endophytes are an unexploited source of pharmacologically relevant compounds owing to their species richness and diversity. In this study, a total of 26 endophytic fungi were isolated and identified from 10 marine algal samples collected from the Konkan coast, Goa, India. Eighteen of the fungal isolates belonged to phylum Ascomycota while one belonged to phylum Basidiomycota based on ITS sequencing. Further, the genus Aspergillus sp. was the most common and abundant endophyte found in the sampled algal species. A significant antibacterial activity against five pathogenic bacteria was exhibited by the extracts of fungal isolates AG1.1, AG1.1 (G) and VG2.6 (agar diffusion assay). The extracts of fungal endophytes VB1.1, PG1.2 and VG2.6 demonstrated good antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging assay). Further, cytotoxicity of all the endophytic extracts on human cancer cell lines was determined by MTT and resazurin assay. The crude extract of Aspergillus unguis (AG 1.2) showed the highest cytotoxic potential on cervical cancer (HeLa), breast cancer (MCF-7), lung cancer (A549), and skin cancer (A431) cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis of the extract of A. unguis (AG 1.2) confirmed the presence of several bioactive metabolites including azelaic acid, azetidine, and furopyrans. The extract of A. unguis (AG 1.2) demonstrated G1 phase cell cycle arrest, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent MMP loss and apoptosis-dependent cell death in A431 cells. The algae-derived fungal endophytes of Konkan coast are a rich source of novel pharmaceutically active compounds as indicated by this work.
Introduction: Medicinal plants growing in the " sacred forests " of Meghalaya (20.1°N-26.5°N latitude and 85.49°E-92.52°E longitude), in the northeastern region of India are used by the traditional medical practitioners of the ethnic tribes of the region to treat a diverse range of diseases. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to elucidate the antimicrobial and antioxidant potency of the most dominant fungal endophytes of some selected medicinal plants of the " Sacred forests ". Material and methods: Isolation of the endophytes was done in water agar plates followed by subsequent pure culturing in potato dextrose agar plates. Molecular characterization of the endophytic fungal isolates was done by sequencing their β-tubulin gene. The antimicrobial properties of the culture broths and the crude ethyl acetate extracts of endophytic fungal metabolites were ascertained as per standard protocols against five human pathogens, namely, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The total antioxidant power and free radical scavenging activity of the metabolites was estimated using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assays. Results: Molecular characterization of the endophytes showed their relatedness to human pathogenic fungi. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethyl acetate extracts against the test pathogens ranged from 13-45 μg/ml. The metabolites of the endophytic fungi also showed high anti-oxidant activity. Conclusion: Endophytic fungi of the medicinal plants from the " Sacred forests " of Meghalaya, India are potential treasure troves of novel antimicrobial molecules and antioxidants.