Association between iron supplementation and anaemia in pregnant women in Ghana (original) (raw)
Related papers
Iron Deficiency among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at the KNUST Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2015
Background: Pregnant women constitute a high risk group for iron deficiency due to increased iron requirements for foetal and maternal tissues growth. This study sought to find out the prevalence of iron deficiency among Ghanaian pregnant women obtaining antenatal care at the University hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. Methods: The study was conducted between January and May, 2013. A total of 180 women, 150 at various stages of pregnancy and 30 non-pregnant women as control group were recruited for the study. Information on socio-demographic characteristics was obtained from the subjects by means of face-to-face interviews. Using venous blood samples, iron status of subjects was Obirikorang et al.; BJMMR, 6(8): 823-832, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.2015.256 824 assessed by the determination of haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean cell volume, red cell distribution width, serum ferritin, serum iron, serum transferrin, total iron binding capacity, unoccupied iron binding capacity and percentage saturation of transferrin. Intestinal helminthic infestation was determined by stool examination. Results: Decreasing levels of haemoglobin, serum iron, transferrin, Total iron binding capacity and increasing levels of Mean cell volume and RDW-SD were observed as pregnancy advanced. None of the subjects had helminthic infestation. Anaemia, iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) were present in 44.0%, 21.5% and 10.4% of the pregnant women, respectively. These prevalence rates increased as pregnancy advanced to term (15.2%, 51.2%, 56.0% for anaemia; 13.8%, 22.9%, 26.1% for ID and 0%, 12.0%, 17.4% for IDA, respectively for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters). Conclusions: In spite of iron supplementation in pregnancy, a high percentage of the pregnant women are iron deficient and/or anaemic and this remains a public health problem.
Journal of Nutritional Disorders & Therapy, 2016
Background: Anemia is one of the most widespread public health problems, especially in developing countries. It impaired cognitive development, reduced physical work capacity and in severe cases increased risk of mortality particularly during prenatal period. Anemia in pregnant women is defined by low hemoglobin levels, below 11g/dL in 1st and 3 rd trimester and less than 10.5 g/dl 2nd trimester. The objective of this study is to assess prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women at Woldia general hospital. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted within a five month period at Woldia General Hospital. Results: Out of 243 women enrolled in the study, ninety five (39.1%) were found to be anemic. Anemia was more prevalent in the first (52.2%) and second (52.6%) trimesters. nine women (9.5%) had severe anemia, and 86 women (90.5%) had mild anemia. Association with previous antenatal care follow up, the pregnant women who has history of ANC follow up in previous pregnancy has low prevalence (48.2%) whereas those who did not have antenatal care follow up previously have high prevalence (94.4%). Conclusion: Prevalence of anemia is high in the study area and determined by different factors like feeding habit, level of education and history of antenatal care follow up. Based on this finding we recommend that; iron supplementation should be encouraged as a prophylactic measure. Health education for women on antenatal care follow up and diversified feeding practice should be given for the reduction of anemia.
Correlations of adherence to iron supplements and prevalence of anemia in antenatal women
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016
Background: The prevalence of anemia in pregnant women has remained unacceptably high worldwide despite the fact that routine iron supplementation during pregnancy has been almost universally recommended to prevent maternal anemia. The major problem with iron supplementation during pregnancy is compliance. The objective of this study was to correlate iron supplements compliance among pregnant women and incidence of anemia during pregnancy. Methods: A Prospective observational study was conducted over a period of nine months from August 2015 to April 2016 in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Bharati Hospital and Research Center, Pune. Pregnant women more than 14 weeks who attended antenatal care unit were enrolled in this study. Data for compliance was collected by two methods-first by personal interview as well as looking for the empty iron tablet strips. Pregnant women were followed till the date of delivery and maternal outcome were noted. Results: Our results show that 64% were strictly compliant, 33% with partially complaint and 3% with non-complaint with iron supplements. The mean Hemoglobin concentration of pregnant women who strictly complies with iron supplements were 11.6 g/dl where the non-compliant and partially complaint to iron supplements were 9.7 g/dl. The prevalence of anemia was found to be more in partial and non-compliant to iron supplements (13% p value <0.001). Conclusions: Anaemia, low haemoglobin levels were found more in non-complaint and partially complaint pregnant women. The findings from our study highlighted that antenatal health and a nutritional intervention program for pregnant women is needful.
The prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency among pregnant Ghanaian women, a longitudinal study
PLOS ONE
Background Gestational iron deficiency (ID) can be deleterious to mother and fetus. However, iron status is not routinely measured during pregnancy in Ghana. Therefore, the scope of ID in this population is unknown. Objective To determine the prevalence of anemia and ID across pregnancy in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods Women were recruited during their 1st trimester of pregnancy (< 13 weeks; n = 116) and followed through to their 2nd (n = 71) and 3rd (n = 71) trimesters. Data on socio-demographic variables, weekly intake of iron-rich foods and vitamin C-rich fruits were collected. Blood samples were drawn and the concentrations of hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin (Ft), serum iron (sFe), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), were measured; transferrin saturation (TSAT) was calculated. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine change in anemia and iron variables over time with groups categorized by 1st trimester iron status. Results Participants were 27.1 ± 5.2 years, on average....
Prevalence and risk factors of iron deficiency anaemia with pregnancy at Minia University Hospital
Minia Journal of Medical Research
Background; Anaemia in expectant women is a serious worldwide public health problem with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The study aim is to investigate prevelance, sosciodemographic characteristics, medical and obstetrical risk factors of iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy at Minia maternity university hospital in one year, Subjects and methods; This study is A prospective analytical study, was conducted at the Minia university hospital for gynecology and obstetrics on all pregnant women with hemoglobin level less than 11 gm/dl in the first trimester and less than 10.5 gm/dl in the second and third trimester from November 2019 to October 2021, Result; this study was conducted on 5500 women; 2211 of them had iron deficiency anemia (40.2%), The only factors which emerged as statistically significant were rural residence, low education, Low Family income, Multi-para, low Pregnancy interval, insufficient meals per day, insufficient Meat intake, insufficient vegetables intake, insufficient egg intake, insufficient milk intake, and Parasitic infestation. Conclusion; Based on our findings, there was highly significant difference between the cases with iron deficiency anemia and cases without iron deficiency anemia regarding residence, education, family income, BMI, parity, gestational age, Pregnancy interval, and delivery mode. Iron deficiency anemia was significantly higher with cases took ‹ 3 times per day, meat intake less than 2 times per week, vegetables intake less than 2 times per week, egg intake and milk intake less than 2 times per week and cases that did not take iron supplementation,
PREVALENCE OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN
The major health problem mainly in the developed countries is anemia during the pregnancy which is linked with the many side effects. [1] World health organization (WHO) has set the limit to define the anemia if the hemoglobin (hb) level is less than 11 g/dl [2] WHO has stated that if the prevalence of anemia is 5.0% or higher it should be considered as significant problem. If in any population the prevalence of anemia is more than 40% it must be specified as major health problem. It was a cross-sectional study containing 350 women age rages between 19-40 years. All healthy pregnant women with HB less than 11g/dl were recruited into the study. A detailed health data could be acquired such as parity, menstrual characteristics, infections, previous iron or blood transfusions, etc. The Government needs to take solid steps to improve the quality of education and socioeconomic status of females, increase the number of health care providers and intensify public education. Health behavior's need to be changed and adherence to the prescribed programs by the government is needed. Providing long term iron supplementation and dietary modification starting from adolescence may improve the hemoglobin levels and later on prevent anemia in pregnancy.
Comparison of routine prenatal iron prophylaxis and screening and treatment for anaemia
2016
To present the pregnancy results and interim birth results of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial comparing routine iron prophylaxis with screening and treatment for anaemia during pregnancy in a setting of endemic malaria and HIV. Design: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Setting: Two health centres (1°de Maio and Machava) in Maputo, Mozambique, a setting of endemic malaria and high prevalence of HIV. Participants: Pregnant women (≥18-year-olds; non-high-risk pregnancy, n=4326) attending prenatal care consultation at the two health centres were recruited to the trial.
PLOS ONE
Anaemia in pregnancy is a major health problem and an important cause of adverse foetomaternal outcomes in developing countries. Iron deficiency is the cause of the overwhelming majority of the cases of anaemia in pregnancy. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) has been linked with adverse foetal and maternal outcomes. This study investigated the prevalence of IDA and evaluated its effects on foetomaternal outcomes among parturients in Lagos, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 220 women aged 15-49 years with singleton gestation at term, between May 1, 2016, and March 31, 2017. Participants were selected by systematic sampling and baseline data were collected through interviews. Venous blood samples were obtained to measure haemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations, and the associations between IDA (defined as anaemia and iron deficiency) and pregnancy outcomes were examined. A P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The prevalence of IDA was 12.3%. Routine antenatal iron supplementation (adjusted odds ratio 0.18, 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.46; P = 0.001) and interpregnancy interval of at least 2 years (adjusted odds ratio 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.05-0.97; P = 0.021) have significant association with IDA. Iron deficiency anaemia was not significantly associated with adverse perinatal outcomes but there were significant associations with increased risk of blood transfusion (P = 0.001) and maternal infectious morbidities such as puerperal pyrexia (P = 0.041) and wound infection (P = 0.020). IDA is still a fairly common condition among parturients in Lagos and it's mostly associated with maternal peripartum morbidities. Adequate pregnancy spacing through the use of effective contraception and routine antenatal iron supplementations in pregnancy is a recommended preventive measure against IDA and its adverse sequelae. Future studies should adopt the use of transferrin saturation (TSAT) in compliment with serum ferritin assay as a more sensitive marker of iron deficiency.
Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 1990
A prospective cohort study with a 1-year follow-up of 156 neonates was carried out specifically designed to test the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between iron deficiency during pregnancy and the development of the same disease in newborn infants. Exposure was defined as being born of a mother with ferropenic anaemia at delivery, and cases as the infants who developed iron deficiency during their first year of life. A statistically significant positive association was detected with an odds ratio of 6.57 (95% confidence limits 1.81-25.97). A stratified analysis was also performed to control the effect of potential confounders such as socio-economic variables, feeding practices and other factors linked with the iron status of infants. This second analytical procedure showed no alteration in the association detected in the simple analysis but that there was a statistically significant strong interaction between the quantity of cow's milk intake and the ferropenic...
IRON USE IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND PREVALENCE OF PRENATAL ANEMIA
Turkish Journal of Family Medicine & Primary Care, 2014
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common medical disorder of pregnant women. Especially severe anemia is an important factor increasing mortality. Therefore, promoting use of appropriate doses and duration of iron has great importance in preventing iron deficiency in terms of health of the mother and baby.This crosssectional study was designed to determine the number of women who consumed iron and the duration of intake during pregnancy; to examine the effect of age and the number of births on prenatal iron intake, and to determine prenatal anemia prevalence in a tertiary hospital which provides service for an area of medium and low-income families in Istanbul. 4,041 pregnant women who got admitted to Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital for labor were enrolled in the study during the period between 2001-2004. Age, number of pregnancies and duration of iron intake were recorded. Pregnant women with a less than 11 g /dl hemoglobin concentration were considered anemic. Iron intake rate in pregnant women was 56% and the prevalence of anemia was 46%. Mean hemoglobin concentration was 11.1±1.5 g/dl, mean age was 26.5±5.4 years, and mean duration of iron intake was 3.0±2.2 months. Anemia was found in 36.4% of the iron supplemented group, and 58.1% of the unsupplemented group. Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (Hct), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) values were statistically different between two groups. It was determined that maternal age does not influence the use of iron; but an increase in parity caused a decrease in iron use and an increase in anemia prevalence. It was observed that there was an increase in the use of iron from 2001 to 2004. In conclusion, it was determined that approximately half the pregnant women admitted to the hospital for delivery received iron during their pregnancy; anemia is less common among iron receivers; iron intake is mainly affected by parity not by maternal age and the effect of iron on blood parameters is positive. Demir eksikliği anemisi gebe kadınlarda en sık rastlanan medikal problemdir. Şiddetli anemi, özellikle mortaliteyi artıran önemli bir faktördür. Sonuç olarak demirin uygun doz ve sürede kullanımı anne ve bebekte demir eksikliğini önlemek açısından büyük önem taşır. Bu kesitsel araştırma İstanbul'da orta ve düşük gelirli ailelerin yararlandığı bir 3. basamak hastanede demir kullanan kadınların sayısını, alım süresini, yaş ve paritenin demir kullanımına etkisini ve prenatal anemi prevalansını tespit etmek amacıyla planlandı. Çalışma 2001-2004 yılları arasında dört yıllık dönemde doğum için hastaneye kabul edilen 4041 gebe kadınla yapıldı. Yaş, gebelik sayısı ve demir kullanma süresi kaydedildi. Hemoglobin konsantrasyonu < 11 g/dl olan gebe kadınlar anemik kabul edildi. Gebe kadınlarda demir alımı sıklığı %56, anemi sıklığı %46 bulundu. Ortalama Hb konsantrasyonu 11,1±1,5 g/dl, ortalama yaş 26,5±5,4 yaş ve ortalama demir kullanımı 3,0±2,2 ay aydı. Anemi sıklığı demir alan grupta %36,4, almayan grupta %58,1 bulundu. Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematokrit (Hct), MCV (Ortalama Eritrosit Hacmi) değerleri iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak farklıydı. Anne yaşının demir kullanımı üzerine etkisi olmadığı ama kullanımın parite ile azaldığı ve aneminin arttığı tespit edildi. 2001 yılından 2004 yılına gidildikçe yıllar içinde demir kullanımında artma olduğu görüldü. Sonuç olarak doğum için hastaneye kabul edilen gebe kadınların gebelikleri sırasında yaklaşık yarısının demir kullandığı, demir takviyesi alanlarda aneminin daha az olduğu; demir alımının yaş yerine pariteden etkilendiği ve kan parametreleri üzerine pozitif etki yaptığı tespit edildi.