Entrepreneurial Intention of Undergraduate Students: Impacts of Attitudes and Role Model. (in Case Of College Of Business and Economics of Addis Ababa University) (original) (raw)
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With the rapid population growth and expansion of higher learning institutions unemployment of university graduates will be a major socioeconomic problem in Ethiopia. Given the increasing importance of entrepreneurship in contemporary careers, this research uses quantitative survey methods to uncover the determinants of students' entrepreneurial intentions. The total population of the study was nine hundred sixty seven (967) graduating class students of Assosa University and Government TVET College in BenishangulGumuzRegional States and the sample size 282 respectively.The data was gathered through questionnaire and Yamane's sample size determination method was used. The data obtained through questionnaire was first statistically analyzed through statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20.First the data was analyzed with a descriptive statistical analysis and then mean and standard deviation were computed for the interpretation of respondents' characteristics and their entrepreneurial intentions. Then the Cronbach's coefficient alpha was employed to test reliability.Further, correlation and multiple regression techniques was conducted to test whether there was a positive significant relationship between social norm, personal attitude, perceived behavioral control, formal entrepreneurship education program and gender and students entrepreneurship intentions. The research result reveals that significant number of graduating class students' job preference right after graduation was government or private employment and majority of students do not have short-term self-employment plan in the foreseeable future after graduation. However, students' personal attitude towards entrepreneurship was positive and their entrepreneurial interest relatively highbut the execution of this interest in practice is insteadlow. Personal attitude and perceived behavioral control are emerges as the most important determinant of entrepreneurial intention. Where the impact of entrepreneurship education is concerned, the entrepreneurship course offered by the institutes under study was unable to motivate, encourage and equip students with necessary courage, skills and knowledge to create jobs. Furthermore, it'sadvised that entrepreneurship education should focus practically on development of competencies related to entrepreneurshipand cultural awareness.
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Entrepreneurship is a catalyst for economic development irrespective of sectors. Learning entrepreneurship will become integral part of agriculture education which provides opportunities for the agriculture students to develop skills, changing their attitudes and prepare them to become prospective entrepreneurs. Keeping in view, the present study was carried out in four farm universities viz., Bangalore, Dharwad, Raichur and Shimoga in Karnataka state during 2019-20 to analyze entrepreneurial behaviour among agriculture students. Data was collected from 200 final year students from four agricultural colleges located at headquarters of universities using pre-tested interview schedule through personal and online interview. Standardized scale to measure entrepreneurial behaviour was developed and used in the study. The study revealed that two fifth of the students (38.50 %) belong to low level of entrepreneurship category, followed by 36.00 per cent and 25.50 per cent of the students had medium and high entrepreneurial behaviour, respectively. This because of students not evident about their entrepreneurial idea, not having proper plan and support from peer groups like family, friends, relatives etc. Even some them want to do the higher studies.
STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL INCLINATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Presently, in India, more than half of the population is in the age group of 15 to 59, known as the economically active age group. It is projected that every year around 6 to 8 million youth will enter the labour force each year for coming ten years. However, on the supply side, there are not these many jobs being created. This indicates that there is a pressing need to effectively implement the system which can absorb the youth in profession. Promoting entrepreneurship in society is one well accepted mechanism to generate employment which has potential to cater to the said problem. However, there are various factors which affect the inclination towards self-employment. Study of these factors will help to understand the perspective of youth towards entrepreneurship. The research study presented here has identified various demographic and non-demographic factors affecting youth towards entrepreneurship. The empirical study has been undertaken focusing on the undergraduate students with sample size of 108 selected mainly from Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar as both the districts are having many institutes offering education in different streams. The research finding has revealed that factors like age, gender, family income, entrepreneurship course etc. do not influence undergraduate students to opt for entrepreneurship. However, the factors like association with entrepreneurship related activities at university level, parents' encouragement and role models from business community are significant in motivating the students towards starting their own business. Based on the findings of the present study and learning lessons from other countries, the author provides recommendations for universities and policy makers to boost the spirit of entrepreneurship among youth.
Testing the Entrepreneurial Intention Model among Agricultural Students at Razi University
The present study was conducted to testing the entrepreneurial intention model among agricultural students at Razi University. The population of this study consisted of all fourth year agricultural students at Razi University (N=276), that 154 of them were selected the sample using the proportionate stratified random sampling. The main instrument in this study was questionnaire which its validity was confirmed by the panel of experts and its reliability was established by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Data was analyzed by SPSSwin21 software. Findings of this study revealed that attitudes towards entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial self-efficacy had positive and significantly effects on entrepreneurial intentions among agriculture students at Razi University, but social norms had not effect on entrepreneurial intention of them. Hence, entrepreneurial intention model was accepted among agricultural students at Razi University by deleted the variable of social norms. The results of this study, in additional on contribute to the literature of entrepreneurial intentions; have applications for planners of higher agricultural education system in order to improving the agricultural student's entrepreneurial intention.
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The study was to assess the entrepreneurial future intention of student in three selected universities. Intention towards entrepreneurship was measured through three dimensions of entrepreneurship, i.e. family business background, perceived desirability and perceived self efficacy. The sample consisted of 405 graduating class students, from which 135 students from Hawassa University and 135 students from Dilla University and the remaining 135 students are from Arbaminch University were collected through a questionnaire. The results indicated that there is positive relationship between the dimensions of entrepreneurship and intention towards entrepreneurship among university students. Moreover, the two dimensions of entrepreneurship, i.e. family business background and perceived self-efficacy explain the variation on students’ intention to start a new venture.
The purpose of this study was to determine the entrepreneurial intention of graduating universities students in Ethiopian and to identify factors which influence students' entrepreneurial behavior. A survey design was employed where 665 final year university students from five universities were randomly selected as participants. Quantitative data were collected through self-evaluation survey questionnaire and analyzed using Pearson Correlation and Logistic Regression. Additionally, data from open-ended questions were used to identify factors which influence students' entrepreneurial behavior. The study found high entrepreneurial intention for final year university students in Ethiopia, but, low propensity to venture into business within two years after graduating. Findings from the Logistic Regression analysis found strong support for perceived feasibility, perceived desirability and course support as predictors of entrepreneurial intention, and to some extent perceived locus of control, but, gender and prior experience in a business had no effect. Barriers that deter entrepreneurial attitude include: poor government support (policies and bureaucracy), institutional issues (lack of start-up capital, business premises, and poor access to adequate and quality inputs and markets), personal issues (lack of self-confidence and motivation, fear of failure, poor entrepreneurial skills and knowledge on opportunity identification), and societal issues (society/family support and perception). From this study, it was concluded that university students recognize entrepreneurship as the way forward for curbing unemployment, but, universities need to equip students with relevant competencies that are appropriate for business start-up. The government on its part should provide positive business environment and proper infrastructure for starting a new business.