Exportation Rates of Nutrients in Snap Bean with Indeterminate Growth Habit (original) (raw)
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Macronutrients requirement of a snap bean genotype with determinate growth habit in Brazil
Obtaining nutrient accumulation curves is very important in knowing the plant nutritional requirement dynamics and to direct the strategies for its supply. The aim of this work was to study the uptake, compartmentalization and exportation of macronutrients of a snap bean genotype with determinate growth habit. An experiment at field conditions at Londrina State University – UEL, Londrina-PR, Br azil, was performed in a randomized block design with five replications, using UEL-1 genotype. It was observed that dry matter production, as nutrients accumulation, were slow until 20 days after emergence (DAE), V4 stage, and became more pronounced after that period. The macronutrients were more accumulated in the pods, except for Ca, which had the leaves as preferred organ. The maximum amounts of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S uptaken were 91.0; 35.2; 131.1; 35.2; 9.1 and 4.7 kg ha-1 , respectively, while exportation to produce each ton of pod's fresh matter were 7.01 kg of N; 3.30 kg of P; 7.91 kg of K; 0.6 kg of Ca; 0.48 kg of Mg and 0.31 kg of S. One must pay attention to the proper management of quantity and epoch of N and K supply, because of the high demand and exportation of these nutrients.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 1999
Understanding the mechanisms that regulate xylem transport of calcium (Ca) to snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pods could allow approaches to enhance pod Ca levels, and thereby improve the value of this food source for humans. Pods of greenhouse-grown plants of `Hystyle', `Labrador', `Tendergreen', `Green Crop', `BBL94', and `Gold Crop' were examined for stomatal density and rates of pod transpiration throughout pod development. Among pods ranging from 6 to 14 mm in diameter, Ca concentration and pod stomatal density varied inversely with increasing diameter in all cultivars; Ca concentration for pods of a given diameter also varied among cultivars. To assess the influence of pod stomatal density on pod transpiration, water loss was measured from detached pods of `Hystyle' and `Labrador', which have high and low pod stomatal densities, respectively. Pod transpiration rates were similar for the two cultivars, being ≈15% the rate measured in leaves und...
Rates of calcium, yield and quality of snap bean
Scientia Agricola, 2007
Calcium ions (Ca) play an important role in many biochemical processes, delaying senescence and controlling physiological disorders in fruits and vegetables. The objective of this experiment was to analyze the effect of increasing calcium concentrations in snap beans. Snap bean cultivar UEL 1 was sown in sand containing 80 mg L-1 of calcium supplemented with nutrient solution, plus calcium at different contents: 0, 75, 150 and 300 mg L-1. Ca was mainly recovered in the shoots, followed by roots and pods. Calcium concentrations in the pods were 130, 259, 349 and 515 mg 100 g-1dry matter on a dry weight basis, in relation to the enhancement of calcium contents in the nutrient solution, respectively. A negative relationship between nitrogen content in the pods and calcium concentration in the nutrient solution was observed. Pods from plants grown in a solution without Ca presented necrosis in their apical region. Dieback of roots, shoots and young leaves also occurred under low calcium supply. Dry matter of pods, roots and shoots, number of pods per plant, pod weight and pod length increased proportionally to calcium concentration in solution. Increasing rates of calcium improved biomass production in snap bean cultivar UEL 1.
This study was conducted to determine the influence of nutrient solution levels on the growth, yield, mineral contents and some physiological characters of bush snap bean, and to determine their effects on water and nutrient uptake. The treatments used were 1/4, 1/2, 1, 11/2 and 2 times of the standard Enshi-shoho solution concentration. Increasing nutrient strength reduced vine length, but increased plant fresh and dry weights, leaf chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance at flowering and early pod development stages. Water and nutrient uptake increased with increasing nutrient levels. N, P and K contents in the leaf blades and young pods increased while Ca and Mg decreased with increasing nutrient strength. Leaf blades had higher total-N, Ca and Mg contents, while pods did higher P and K. Percent pod set was slightly improved in 1/2 to 2-strength treatments. Pod yield was comparable among 1/2, 1, 11/2 and 2-strength treatments. The results indicate that 1/2 strength is sufficient for high yield of bush snap bean.
International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of N-K concentration in the nutrient solution on the growth, yield, and physiological characters of two bush snap bean cultivars. 'Torukatto' exhibited a longer vine than 'Super Light Green.' 'Super Light Green' had a larger canopy, more leaves produced, greater leaf area, more shoots developed, and heavier shoot fresh and dry weights. 'Super Light Green' produced a few flowers and low pod number and yield. 'Torukatto' had a higher percent pod setting, but 'Super Light Green' had a heavier weight per pod. There was a significant influence of N-K levels on leaf area and number of shoots produced. Increasing the N-K level slightly increased the leaf area. 'Torukatto' had significantly higher SPAD values and rate of net photosynthesis than that of 'Super Light Green'. The stomatal conductance and transpiration rate differed significantly between the cultivars. Increasing the N-K level markedly improved the physiological measurements at a slightly increasing trend. There was a strong correlation between yield and number of pods and between photosynthesis and leaf color.
EFFECT OF BIO-AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS ON GREEN PODS YIELD OF SOME BROAD BEAN CULTIVARS
Plant Archive, 2019
A field experiment was carried out at 2017/2018 growth season in Babylon / Saddat al-Hindia in loam clay soil to study the effect of two levels of bio-fertilizer (control and seed inoculation with bio-fertilizer) and three levels (0, 40 and 80 kg.ha-1) of chemical fertilizers NPK (19-19-19) on green yield of three broad bean cultivars (Local, Rico and Luzdi). Randomized complete block design with four replications was used. The seeds were soaked in water for 24 hours before planting and then inoculation with bio-fertilizer and then cultivated at 20/10/2017 in hills 25 cm apart on both sides of ridges 75 cm apart. The results showed that Local variety was superior in pods number.plant-1 , pod length and green pod yield (18.65 pods, 20.8 cm and 13.483 tons.ha-1), respectively. Rico cultivar gave the highest number seeds.pod-1 (6.3 seeds). Bio-fertilizer gave highest number of pods.plant-1 , seeds.pod-1 , pod length and green pods yield (19.14 pods, 6.3 seeds, 20.2 cm and 12.672 t.ha-1), respectively compared to control treatment. Chemical fertilizer at the level of 80 kg.ha-1 gave highest number of pods.plant-1 , seeds.pod-1 , pod length and green pods yield (19.20 pods, 6.4 seeds, 20.9 cm and 13.998 t.ha-1) respectively compared to control. The interactions showed significant effect, and bio-fertilizer with 80 kg.ha-1 chemical fertilizer to local cultivar gave the highest number of seeds.pod-1 and green pods yield (6.9 seeds and 16.153 t.ha-1) respectively, while the same interaction with Luzde cultivar gave high pods.plant-1 (21.25).
Nutrient extraction and exportation by castor bean hybrid lyra
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2012
suMMary information about nutrient extraction and exportation by crops, as well as the periods of highest nutrient demand is important for an adequate fertilization management. However, there are no studies on the nutrient uptake of shortstature hybrid castor bean. therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrient extraction and exportation by short-stature castor bean hybrid Lyra, in the spring-summer and fall-winter growing seasons. the experiments were conducted in the 2005/2006 spring-summer and 2006 fall-winter growing seasons on an oxisol, in botucatu, sp, in a randomized block design, with four replications. the plots consisted of plant samplings, which occurred 17, 31, 45, 59, 73, 97 and 120 days after emergence (dae) in the spring-summer and 17, 31, 45, 59, 80, 100 and 120 dae in fall-winter growing season. the growth of hybrid Lyra was slow and nutrient uptake lowest between emergence and the beginning of flowering. the period of highest dry matter (dM) accumulation rates and highest nutrient demand were observed 40 to 80 dae, in both growing seasons. the order of nutrient extraction by the plants in the spring-summer growing season was: N>K>ca>Mg>s>p>Fe>Mn>Zn>b>cu>Mo. in fall-winter, s was more absorbed than Mg. seed yield was higher in the spring-summer (2.995 kg ha -1 ), but nutrient extraction and exportation per ton of seed were similar in both growing seasons. around 58 % of N and 84 % of p, and approximately half of the s and b absorbed throughout the cycle were exported with the seeds. However, most of the other nutrients accumulated in the plants returned to the soil in plant residues. index terms: Ricinus communis, uptake curves, uptake rates, seed yield.
Colloquium Agrariae, 2021
Snap bean is a vegetable crop presenting high requirements of mineral nutrients, such as nitrogen (N). However, studies on the response of this crop to N fertilization are scarce, mainly with determinate growth habit genotypes, making it difficult to manage this nutrient supply. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen nutrition and the productive performance of snap bean with determinate growth habit as a function of N sources and rates. The experiment was carried out in pots, under greenhouse conditions, in a Eutrophic Red Oxisol with 36.60 g dm-3 of soil organic matter content. The cultivar 'Macarrão rasteiro' TopSeed was grown in a completely randomized design at factorial scheme 3x4, with four replications. It was studied three sources of N (urea, ammonium sulfate and sulfammo) and four rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1), applied 20% at sowing time, 40% at 12 days after emergence (DAE) and 40% at 20 DAE. It was evaluated the N content of the index leaf and the N accumulation in shoots, the plant height at the end of the cycle and the number, total fresh mass, mean fresh mass and mean length of pods. The N content of the index leaf and N accumulation in shoots were linearly increased by the N rates, regardless of the N source, while the plant height and the pod's characteristics were not influenced by any of the factors studied.
Macronutrient Fertilization on the Yield Components and Nutrition of Lima Bean
Journal of Agricultural Science
Lima bean stands out in the agricultural sector as a source of income for small and medium farmers, being an important protein source for the population. However, there few studies related to the adequate management of fertilization that subsidize the maximization of crop production. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of macronutrient doses on the yield components and nutritional status of lima bean. The treatments were chosed based on the statistical arrangement of the Baconian method. Six nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur) were applied in three different doses along with two additional treatments, one with reference doses and the other with no addition of nutrients, totaling 20 treatments that were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. The pod length, pod number per plant, pod weight, number of grains per pod, number of grains per plant, grain weight per plant and macronutr...
HortScience
Pod stomatal density and Ca concentration levels were analyzed for six commercial snap bean cultivars harvested at four planting dates in an attempt to find morphological traits that are related to cultivar differences in pod Ca concentration. The experimental layout was a randomized complete-block design with two replications per planting date, all grown in one location. Snap beans were planted at 1 week intervals beginning 9 June 9 1995 and were harvested in August. Sampling consisted of five pod sizes (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 according to commercial standards) from each genotype. Stomatal countings were performed using a microscope linked to a television camera. Determinations for pod Ca concentration were made using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. No differences were detected for pod Ca concentration among planting dates, although there were differences for pod Ca concentration and stomata density among cultivars. Pod stomatal density was positively correlated to pod Ca concen...