Environmental Pollution and Economic Growth in China: A Test of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (original) (raw)
Related papers
An Empirical Test of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in China
Based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve theory, the author seeks to empirically test the theory with data from 31 regions in China from 2004 to 2016. This paper adds value to past research, which has predominantly focused on developed countries. Five representative pollution indices are investigated in this paper, giving a fuller picture of how economic growth interact with different types of pollution. With a fixed effects model, this paper concludes that the relationship between economic growth and pollution does not necessarily follow the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. Instead, it depends on the choice of regions, pollution indices, and time period.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
This paper examines the relationship between economic growth and environmental sustainability in the People’s Republic of China by empirically estimating environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) models using provincial-level panel data from 1985 to 2005. The results show that there exists an inverted-U shaped relationship as hypothesized by the EKC model between per capita income and per capita emissions (or discharges) in
Environment and Development Economics, 2004
This paper addresses the existence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve for China, using a sample of thirty regions, covering the period 1982-1997. The types of pollution included are wastewater, waste gas and solid waste. We consider the development of the sources of pollution in a pooled cross-section analysis with pollution in absolute levels, in per capita terms and relative to real Gross Regional Product (GRP). At intermediate levels of GRP per capita, the increase of solid and gas emissions tends to decelerate, but accelerates again at high levels of GRP per capita.
Research Square (Research Square), 2022
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis posits an inverted-U relationship between pollution emissions and economic growth. This means that economic growth goes hand-in-hand with environmental pollution emissions until a turning point is reached where pollution emissions and economic growth begin to decouple. This study examined the nonlinear cointegrating relationship of pollution emissions with economic growth alongside select developmental variables to test the EKC hypothesis using a panel data sample comprising 34 Asian economies over the period 2001 to 2013. The study estimated panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models in the forms of Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Mean Group (MG) models, which were tested against one another using the Hausman speci cation test. For robustness checks, the same procedure was applied to disaggregated panel groupings by income classi cations of Asian economies. The results reveal that the EKC hypothesis holds in the total Asia sample; but not robust across the disaggregated panel groups. Interestingly, the EKC holds only among the middle-income economies and not among the low-income and high-income economies. The turning point GDP in the Asian EKC was estimated to be within the range of US$ 32,003 to US$ 38,793 per capita, con rming that only Singapore, Japan, and the United Arab Emirates were the only economies to have transitioned towards the coveted second half of the EKC, while some economies like Hong Kong and Israel are almost at the turning point. These ndings support the argument that majority of the Asian economies have not yet reached the ideal phase where economic growth decouples with environmental degradation.
This study analyzes the core energy consumption among countries specific variables by Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC), for a panel data of 29 (14 developed and 15 developing) countries during the period of 1977-2014. By assessing Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) regressions with first generation test such as common root, individual Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), and individual root-Fisher-PP have been computed individually, the results confirm the EKC hypothesis in the case of emissions of solid, liquid, gases, manufacturing industries and also construction. Hence, we computed the cointegration test by Pedroni Kao from Engle-Granger based and Fisher. Onward, since the variable are co-integrated, a panel vector error correction model is estimated in GDP per capita, emission from manufacturing industries, arms import, commercial service export and coal rent, order to perform Pairwise Granger Causality test and indicate Vector Error Correction (VEC), with co-integration...
The Effectiveness of Environmental Spending in China and the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Sustainability, 2021
The aim of this study is to determine whether recent environmental spending in China has enabled it to reduce its emissions of greenhouse gases in the context of an Environmental Kuznets Curve-based model and promote sustainable economic development. Following the Paris Agreement in 2015, there has been a coordinated effort to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and prevent the excessive warming of the climate. The study uses annual regional data across China and a dynamic panel data approach for estimating an EKC model which includes measures of the increased use of fossil fuels and the spending across China to reduce environmental damage. The results suggest that the policies have been effective in controlling emissions across a variety of pollutants and that the EKC tends to hold in China but varies according to the pollutant. This suggests that these policies should be continued and where possible, extended.
International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2022
This study contributes to the analysis of the Environmental Kuznets hypothesis (EKC) for 31 industrialized countries during 1980-2019 using long-term static and dynamic panel data methods. According to Pesaran's CD tests, the CSD issue is present in all variables. The EKC model had a long-run relationship, according to the results of the second-generation Pesaran CIPS unit roots and Westerlund tests. The estimation results of the static model (MG) and dynamic models (CS-DL and CS-ARDL) reached the same conclusion as the reliability of the EKC hypothesis, implying that environmental pollution and economic growth are linked in an inverted N-letter shape.
Pollution and economic growth: a maximum likelihood estimation of environmental Kuznets curve
2011
As in Brock and Taylor (2011) in this paper we consider the importance of the relationship between the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Literature and the Economic Growth Theories. To address this issue we construct country production functions that directly incorporate CO 2 emissions as input and estimate them using Stochastic Frontiers. This approach differs from that of Brock and Taylor (2011) but is similar to the one followed by Koop (1998). By introducing the environmental "bads" directly in the production function, we can analyse their contribution to total output growth. We highlight an important contribution of CO 2 emissions to growth and find out that the EKC seems not to hold, at least for most countries.
Energies, 2021
This study empirically examines the effect of economic development on carbon emissions and revisits the environmental Kuznets curve in Suzhou, China. The study made use of the Gross Domestic Product Per Capita (GDPPC) of Suzhou, China as an indicator of economic development as it depicts the entire developmental ecosystem that indicates the level of production activities and total energy consumption. Bearing this in mind, the authors postulate that economic development directly increases carbon emissions through industrial and domestic consumptions. For this purpose, linear and non-linear approaches to cointegration are applied. The study finds the existence of an inverted U-shape relationship between economic development and carbon emission in the long run. Trade openness and industrial share are positively contributing to increasing carbon emissions. Energy use shows a positive sign but an insignificant association with carbon emissions. The study concludes that carbon emissions i...