Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Children Is Attributable to Parenting Style, Not to Family Type and Child’s Gender (original) (raw)
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Parenting Styles as Predictors of Emotion Regulation Among Adolescents
The present study was sought to examine the role of maternal and paternal parenting styles on the prediction of emotional regulation among adolescents. Parental Authority Questionnaire (Babree, 1997) and Early Adolescents Temperament Questionnaire (Ellis & Rothbart, 2001) were used to collect the information from the participants. Sample of the current research consisted of adolescents (N = 194) belonging to 7 th , 8 th , and 9 th classes. Multiple Regression analysis was applied to test the hypotheses. The results indicated that maternal authoritative parenting style had significant positive effect on emotion regulation. Maternal permissive parenting style had significant negative effect on emotion regulation. Similarly authoritative paternal parenting style had significant positive effect on emotional regulation whereas paternal permissive parenting style had significant negative effect on emotion regulation. However, results on the maternal and paternal authoritarian parenting style were non-significant. Current study is pretty insightful in understanding the role of parenting styles in emotion regulation.
Maternal Emotion Regulation: Links to Emotion Parenting and Child Emotion Regulation
Journal of Family Issues, 2014
This study examined the link between maternal emotion regulation (ER) and emotion parenting behaviors and child ER, particularly emphasizing the previously understudied potential associations between mothers’ ER and concurrent emotion parenting behaviors. Community-recruited participants included 64 mother–child ( M = 9.5 years, 38 girls) dyads. Mothers completed measures on their own ER, their child’s ER, and their emotion parenting strategies. Children completed measures on their ER and mother–child dyads engaged in a conflict discussion task that was coded using an ER behavioral observation scale. Results indicated that observed maternal ER was negatively associated with unsupportive emotion parenting, whereas self-reported maternal emotion dysregulation was positively associated with unsupportive parenting and child emotion dysregulation and negatively associated with child adaptive ER. Partial support was provided for the mediating role of emotion parenting behaviors on the lin...
Trait Emotion, Emotional Regulation, and Parenting Styles
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The present study investigated relations among parenting styles and emotion regulation, trait emotion, and general well-being among 153 emerging adults. Two path models were tested, finding that parenting styles contributed to multiple pathways to emotional regulation. As expected, not only did participants who reported high levels of authoritative parenting endorse high levels of positive emotion, they also reported lower levels of emotional control and emotional self-awareness. These low levels were, in turn, associated with emotional well-being. Permissive parenting positively predicted negative emotion. Because authoritarian parenting did not directly predict trait emotion, a closer examination was conducted, showing that outcomes associated with this parenting style depended upon self-reported emotional control and trait emotion. The findings suggest that the effects of authoritarian parenting depend upon the emotional climate established in the family, a factor that may help to explain variability in outcomes for children of authoritarian parents depending upon socioeconomic status and ethnicity.
Parenting Style and Emotion Regulation in Mothers of Preschool Children
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The aim of the study was to compare emotion regulation among the authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles of mothers with preschool children. Methods: The statistic community of this study was all the mothers in Tehran who had preschool children aged between 4 and 6 years. By convenient sampling, 8 kindergartens were selected, and the questionnaires were completed by mothers. The sample consisted of 270 mothers with preschool children. The participants completed the questionnaires, and the data were analyzed with MANOVA. Results: Significant difference between the groups in terms of emotion regulation was observed. The authoritative mothers had the highest score in emotion regulation. Conclusion: Our results indicated that emotion regulation played the main role in different parenting styles.
Research Paper: Parenting Style and Emotion Regulation in Mothers of Preschool Children
Objective: The aim of the study was to compare emotion regulation among the authoritative, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles of mothers with preschool children. Methods: The statistic community of this study was all the mothers in Tehran who had preschool children aged between 4 and 6 years. By convenient sampling, 8 kindergartens were selected, and the questionnaires were completed by mothers. The sample consisted of 270 mothers with preschool children. The participants completed the questionnaires, and the data were analyzed with MANOVA. Results: Significant difference between the groups in terms of emotion regulation was observed. The authoritative mothers had the highest score in emotion regulation. Conclusion: Our results indicated that emotion regulation played the main role in different parenting styles.
Adolescent Emotion Regulation Who were Raised with Authoritarian Parenting Style
Proceedings of the 3rd Tarumanagara International Conference on the Applications of Social Sciences and Humanities (TICASH 2021)
Emotional regulation is a process of directing and expressing emotions which impacts on various aspects, such as affect, social, cognitive, physical, and psychological. Less adaptive emotion regulation leads to the increase of psychopathological symptoms. During adolescence, individuals experience various developments, changes, and demands. Adolescents' emotions are less stable and their parents still hold important roles in adolescents' lives. This study aims to understand how adolescents with authoritarian parenting style regulate their own emotions. This qualitative research used interviews for primary data collection and was assisted with parenting styles questionnaire which is used to ascertain their parenting styles. The subjects of this research were three adolescents who experience authoritarian parenting styles from both parents. All subjects felt under pressure from high demand, while parental responsiveness is low. The study found that all subjects used every emotional regulation strategy, including situation selection, situation modification, attentional deployment, cognitive changes, and response modification. However, their emotional regulation was shown to be relatively less adaptive. This is due to the use of emotion regulation strategies such as suppression, rumination, self-blame, and blame on others.
A Psychometric Evaluation of the Revised Parental Emotion Regulation Inventory
Journal of Child and Family Studies, 2016
Despite significant research on parental emotion, parents' regulation of their own emotions during discipline encounters is an understudied topic. Progress in this area of inquiry would be enhanced by the development of valid measures of emotion regulation. The present article describes an evaluation of such a measure, the revised Parental Emotion Regulation Inventory (PERI2). Mothers of 2-year-old children (N = 232) completed the PERI2, additional questionnaire measures, and a parent-child observation during home visits. The present findings support the factorial and concurrent validity of the PERI2's suppression (e.g., concealing negative emotion), capitulation (e.g., giving into aversive child behavior to reduce negative emotion) and escape (e.g., walking away mid discipline encounter to reduce negative emotion) factors. Suppression, capitulation, and escape were distinct but interrelated emotion regulatory behaviors that were associated with such factors as harsh parenting, lax discipline, parental maladjustment, and child physical aggression. In contrast, the psychometric adequacy of the reappraisal factor (e.g., thinking differently about the child's behavior to reduce negative emotion) was not supported. The results support the future use of the PERI2, minus the reappraisal factor's items.
Mothers' and Fathers' Emotion Socialization and Children's Emotion Regulation: A Within-Family Model
Social Development, 2014
In the current study, we examined whether mothers' and fathers' reactions to young children's positive and negative emotions were associated with children's negativity and emotion regulation. We utilized a within-family design with 70 families (mother, father, and two siblings between the ages of 2 and 5 years). Mothers and fathers completed questionnaires about their emotion socialization as well as children's negativity and emotion regulation. Results indicated that mothers' and fathers' unsupportive reactions to children's positive emotions were associated with children's negativity. Fathers' unsupportive reactions to children's emotional displays were differentially associated with older and younger siblings' emotion regulation. Fathers' unsupportive responses to children's positive and negative emotions also contributed jointly to children's emotion regulation. The results suggest that exploring the withinfamily correlates of children's emotion regulation and negativity is useful for understanding children's emotional development.
Journal of Adult Development, 2009
This study examined the relations between maternal parenting styles (including warmth, behavioral control, and psychological control) and young adults' emotion regulation. Participants included 246 young adults from a large Midwestern university, as well as their mothers. Higher levels of maternal control, particularly psychological control, were related to lower levels of young adults' emotion regulation. This study is among the first to explore the above relations within the context of young adulthood. Limitations and clinical implications are discussed.
This study evaluated the internal consistency and factor structure of the Swedish version of the 10-item Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and its relation to family warmth and conflict, marital satisfaction, and parental discipline strategies, in addition to obtaining norms from the general population of parents of children aged 10-13 years. The ERQ has two subscales measuring an individual's use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression as emotion regulation strategies. A random non-referred sample of parents of 1433 children aged 10-13 years completed the ERQ and other questions targeting the family functioning and couple adjustment (Warmth/Conflict in the family; Dyadic Adjustment Scale-short form) and parental strategies (Parent Practices Interview). The results indicated adequate internal consistencies (Cronbach's alpha) of the two subscales (cognitive reappraisal .81; expressive suppression .73). Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in close to acceptable fit (RMSEA = 0.089; CFI = 0.912; GFI = 0.93). Norms are presented as percentiles for mothers and fathers. The ERQ cognitive reappraisal scale correlated positively with marital adjustment (DAS), family warmth, appropriate discipline (PPI), and negatively with harsh discipline (PPI). The ERQ expressive suppression subscale was negatively correlated with marital satisfaction (DAS) and family warmth, and positively with harsh discipline (PPI). To conclude, this study showed the adequate reliability and construct validity of the ERQ in a large sample of Swedish parents. Specific use of suppression or reappraisal as a parental emotion regulation strategy was related to couple satisfaction, warmth in the family and employment of adequate discipline strategies in expected direction.