Slum-Upgrading Rio Grande do Sul : From the Provision of Infrastructure to Strengthening the Self-Management Capacity of the Poor (original) (raw)
Related papers
1997
The PRORENDA slum upgrading program, implemented in some of the major Brazilian city´s with German Technical Assistance since the 80 th concentrated itself in the first years on the provision of infrastructure and changed later to the strengthening of the self-managing capacity if neighbourhood organizations, the adaptation of bureaucratic procedures and planning and infrastructure standards. The advancements and limits of this process in creating new relations between the principal actors and the development of the neigbourhood organizations as participants in Urban Management and planning are discussed on the basis of the project executed since 1990 in Porto Alegre Brazil.
This paper aims to evaluate two slum upgrading projects in the Brazil during the last decades of 20 th century. Firstly, there is a review on the housing policies how they reacted with the slum condition in Brazil. In the research part are presented the geographical, historic, urban and architectural characteristics of the two cases, the favela Rocinha and the Recife shantytown. Then, there is a review on the most important slum policies that affected these two areas and their results. The purpose is to find common characteristics but also diversities between the two cases. The slum upgrading processes of every case study is defined by three steps: the initial one where the social and build environment of these areas is shaped, the proceeding step where is presented the proposal for every case and how the community of the slum reacted on it, and the last one where we see the development of the project and the ways it affected the ex-slum inhabitants. The information is based on other researches about these two cases and on data extracted by the upgrading projects report. The scope of this essay is not to measure the success of two processes but to find common issues which affected the outcome of the upgrading, although the particular diversities of the applied policies.
Unexpected lessons from a slum upgrading program in Brazil
2005
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-101).This paper looks at the Ribeira Azul Slum Upgrading Program in Salvador de Bahia Brazil, implemented by the development agency of the state of Bahia, CONDER, and the Italian NGO Associazione Volontari per il Servizio Internationale (AVSI), which is recognized by the World Bank and Cities Alliance as an exemplary project. The paper aims at understanding the areas in which it was successful, and illustrate how - despite important shortcomings - the project has become to be considered exemplary. The paper first shows that the project is not as participatory as international donors believe. Moreover, it illustrates that project's sustainability is at risk because inter-governmental political competition between the state and municipal government and party politics prevented the inclusion of the Municipality- institution responsible for...
Slum upgrading in Brazil: lessons from evaluation processes.
Revista Ciencia & Tropico v.43, 2019
BALBIM, Renato; KRAUSE, Cleandro. Slum upgrading in Brazil: lessons from evaluation processes. Revista C&Trópico, v. 43, nº special, p177-195, 2019. Slum population has had a relative decrease during the 21st century in Brazil. Beginning in the 1990"s, the Brazilian public policy towards slums has been notable, both at national and local levels. Nevertheless, priority has been given to improvement works, evaluation of their results has been a neglected aspect, and a knowledge gap between investments and their impacts has broadened. This paper aims at summarizing the contributions of researchers at the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA), who conducted slum-upgrading evaluations from 2009 until 2014. They comprise methodologies and procedures for a meta-evaluation of intervention projects as a means to improving programs; a logical model for the evaluation of the intervention in one of the largest favelas in the country; an evaluation guideline proposal for a nationwide precarious settlements urbanization program; and relevant findings of the focus group technique as a qualitative research method. The paper seeks to publicize the results achieved in an effort to advise governments and improve their policies; to foster discussion on tailored evaluation methodologies; to contribute critically with international development agencies; and to reinforce the exercise of citizenship through evaluation practices, transparency, and accountability. Resumen BALBIM, Renato; KRAUSE, Cleandro. Mejoramiento de asentamientos precarios en Brasil: qué se puede aprender de los procesos de evaluación. La población de las favelas brasileñas tuvo una reducción relativa desde el comienzo del siglo XXI. La política pública para los asentamientos precarios, iniciada en la década de 1990, sea por el gobierno federal como por las administraciones municipales, ha sido notable. Sin embargo, la prioridad ha sido dada a obras de mejoramiento por medio de la urbanización, mientras la evaluación de sus resultados no ha recibido la misma atención. Eso contribuyó para alargar una falla de conocimiento de la relación entre inversiones y sus impactos. Este artículo busca resumir las contribuciones que han sido aportadas
All that Glitters is not Gold: Unexpected Lessons from a Slum Upgrading Program in Brazil
2012
This paper looks at the Ribeira Azul Slum Upgrading Program in Salvador de Bahia Brazil, implemented by the development agency of the state of Bahia, CONDER, and the Italian NGO Associazione Volontari per il Servizio Internationale (AVSI), which is recognized by the World Bank and Cities Alliance as an exemplary project. The paper aims at understanding the areas in which it was successful, and illustrate how despite important shortcomings the project has become to be considered exemplary. The paper first shows that the project is not as participatory as international donors believe. Moreover, it illustrates that project's sustainability is at risk because inter-governmental political competition between the state and municipal government and party politics prevented the inclusion of the Municipalityinstitution responsible for maintenance in project planning and implementation. If the project did not succeed at eliciting community participation at least in so far as influence on ...
Four Decades of Urbanization of Slums in Rio de Janeiro.
2013
Rio de Janeiro is the place in Brazil where actions focused on the urbanization of informal urban settlements are highly discussed, proposed and experimented. This probably is due to the fact that, in our city, many of these settlements occupy a prominent position in the landscape, disputing the territory with other uses considered nobler. However, the presence of the slum not only manifests itself in the landscape, it is also strongly linked to the city's identity.
2015
Our investigation focuses on urban interventions in lums located in the ABC Region within the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, financed by the “ Informal Settlements Urbanization-Growth Acceleration Program” (PAC-UAP) implemented by the Federal Government since 2007. This Program allocates R$1.3 billion (Reals) for slum up grading in 49 favelas located in the Region (the exchange rate on 06/08/2015 was RS 3.10 for on e d llar). The ABC Region is historically renowned for having implemented pioneering programs in slum upgrading. Despite a considerable increase of federal investments, the u pgrading effort has not produced quantitatively significant results. The persistent low rate of execution of contracted upgrading projects and final payments, observed at the nation l scale, is also evident in the ABC Region. The classification of settlement types and of the r espective interventions provides an overall perspective of the program’s implementation in the region, allowing thus, the ...
Slum Upgrading: A Challenge as Big as the City of São Paulo
Focus, 2013
Eleven million people live in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, 50 percent of them in what is considered "sub normal" housing-squatter settlements, slums, and illegal land subdivisions. They suffer from overcrowding, unhealthy buildings, unsafe environments, lack of basic infrastructure and amenities, and costly public transportation. Elisabete França, São Paulo's deputy secretary for social housing from 2005 to 2012, discusses the city's successful new approaches in public housing and slum upgrading.
Upgrading Suburbs in the Latin American context. A management and transformation review of slums
2013
In the current world situation, it is important to work in the management and transformation of cities in developing countries, such as Latin America. Reports from the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), Latin America is the most unequal region in the world, 31% of the population lived below the poverty line in 2011. This situation highlights the need to work efficiently in this context. Many Latin American cities are, for decades, facing the urban phenomenon of poverty growing. Over the years, cities are becoming more attractive to live because of their economic, social, cultural and educational offer. The crisis of the "welfare states" generated by this situation requires the development of new policies that are able to redirect and enhance the efforts of our societies to overcome inequalities. This research covers some Latin American experiences in different countries where, as a result of the attraction dynamics generated by cities, informal settlements have emerged in critical condition on the peripheries. Since 2007, a number of different initiatives and actions for social inclusion and improving these neighborhoods have been developed. These projects aim to correct the urban imbalances and the excessive private space occupancy, through consolidation of the structural systems of public space. The objective is to reverse the phenomenon of informality in the occupation, use and land profit through the development of urban projects. These projects have to recognize the social construction of habitat, to reformulate the neighborhood project raising the standards of habitability and safety with environmental and equity criteria. The intervention initiatives in these neighborhoods arise from the urgent need to improve living conditions, assuring, as far as possible, equal access to the services offered by the city. The urban projects and the intervention tools proposed are strategies to improve these conditions, promoting social inclusion and reducing the gap between the different sectors of the city. Public investment is essential to work in urban poor and conflicting; this paper will explain the management of these projects, analyzing how they have done and how they can serve as a basis for future interventions.
Journal of Illicit Economies and Development, 2021
The concentration of urban violence in certain settlements in Latin America and the possibility of expansion have been latent concerns in slum upgrading. This intervention is potentially an urban peace strategy, especially when it is open to local participation and the promotion of capacities for collective action. However, the political economy behind upgrading shows that these are settings of competence for power and resources. Different factors (e.g., heterogene-ity and population size, and project design) account for the bias towards a local elite, which is functional to the interests of public authorities. But, in contexts where power is fluid and challengeable, the informal arrangements between actors involved are more important as mediating social mechanisms of the peacebuilding efforts in the upgrading intervention and their outcomes. This article focuses on the Vila Viva slum-upgrading experience in Aglomerado da Serra, starting in 2005 in Belo Horizonte (Brazil). Social Network Analysis (SNA) models were applied to study the ties linking activists with public and private community initiatives. Interviews and a sociometric survey were used to collect information. The analysed social mechanisms (closure and brokerage types) depicted interaction frameworks with public authorities of two profiles of community activists: traditional and emerging. The first one was functional to the situational crime control approach of Vila Viva, in contrast with territorial rooting defended by emerging activists. The Vila Viva program upgraded the area's connectivity with the city and broadened the market share of the favela´s drug dealers. After which, they assumed situational control to protect external buyers.