A study of antibacterial efficacy of Alpinia galangal extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Listeria monocytogenes (original) (raw)
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Antimicrobial properties and action of galangal ( Alpinia galanga Linn.) on Staphylococcus aureus
Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 2006
The ethanol extracts of the Zingiberaceae family (galangal, ginger, turmeric and krachai) were evaluated for antimicrobial action on Staphylococcus aureus 209P and Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-2 by using an agar disc diffusion assay. The galangal extract had the strongest inhibitory effect against S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the galangal extract was 0.325 mg/ml and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at 1.3 mg/ml using the broth dilution method. Transmission electron microscopy clearly demonstrated that the galangal extract caused both outer and inner membrane damage, and cytoplasm coagulation. The disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane properties was determined by the releasing of cell materials including nucleic acid which absorbed UV/VIS spectrophotometer at 260 nm. The major compound of the extract was D,L-1 0 -acetoxychavicol acetate which was identified by GC-MS and NMR. r
Antibacterial Activity of Alpinia galanga (L) Willd Crude Extracts
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2010
Methanol, acetone and diethyl ether extracts of Alpinia galanga have been evaluated against pathogens viz. Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2391, Enterobacter aerogene, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli MTCC 1563, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 6642, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus epidermis using Agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of all the extracts were determined using the macrodilution method. Methanol extracts have shown excellent activity towards all the pathogens with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.04–1.28 mg/ml and 0.08–2.56 mg/ml, respectively. The GC–MS analysis of methanol extracts have yielded compounds like 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (59.9%), benzyl alcohol (57.6%), 1,8 cineole (15.65%), methylcinnamate (9.4%), 3-phenyl-2-butanone (8.5%) and 1,2 benzenedicarboxylic acid (8.9%), which could be responsible for its broad spectrum activity. So, A. galanga can be quite resourceful for the development of new generation drugs.
Antimicrobial activity of greater galangal [Alpinia galanga (Linn.) Swartz.] flowers
Food Science and Biotechnology, 2010
Using the agar disc diffusion method, the potential antimicrobial activity of edible galangal [Alpinia galanga (Linn.) Swartz.] flower against Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella, and the effects of different drying methods and solvent types on the flowers' antimicrobial activity were investigated. Oven-dried ethanol (OD Ethanol) extract from galangal flower was the most effective against S. aureus with inhibition zone of about 26-31 mm and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.352-0.547 mg/mL. No antimicrobial activity was observed on E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. Overall antimicrobial activity of oven-dried samples extracted with ethanol (OD Ethanol) was the highest with inhibition zone of 8.94 mm and MIC of 1.457 mg/mL. In contrast, freeze-dried samples extracted with ethanol (FD Ethanol) exhibited the lowest overall antimicrobial activity (7.05 mm and 2.470 mg/mL). This is the first report describing antimicrobial activity of galangal flowers against Grampositive S. aureus.
Antibiofilm Activity of Galangal (Alpinia galanga) Against Staphylococcus aureus
2020
A significant antibacterial effect of Galangal (Alpinia galangal) against foodborne bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes, was reported with higher quantity of active biomolecule 1’-acetoxychavicolacetate. However, the effect on biofilm formation is yet unknown. Therefore, crude extract of Galangal rhizome was investigated for in-vitro antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Galangal extract was tested for antimicrobial activity against six strains of S. aureus including methicillin resisitant S. aureus. The antibiofilm activity was tested against S. aureus SA113 using microtiter-plate assay and scanning electron microscopic imaging. Galangal extract showed antimicrobial activity with an inhibition zone ranging from 36 46 mm against for all tested strains of S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract were 1.25 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml, respectively. More than 50% reduction of biofilm adhered to ...
A Review on Phytopharmacological Activity of Alpinia Galanga
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019
Alpinia galanga plant which is associated with family Zingiberaceae is mainly scattered in tropical areas and widely known for ethno medicine. Against fungi and bacteria rhizome extract have a maximum inhibitory effect. Alpinia galanga plant is used in medicine and in food preparation. Rhizome extract of Alpinia galanga have high phenolic and flavonoid contents when compared to leaf extract. Because of elevated phenolic and flavonoid content in rhizome extract of Alpinia galanga there is noticeable antimicrobial as well as radical scavenging potential. It is a well-known official drug thought out the country as integrated contribution of nature. It is commonly used for the management of eczema, coryza, bronchitis, otitis interna, gastritis, ulcers, morbilli and cholera, pityriasis versicolor, to clear the mouth, emaciation. The different parts of the plant have various effects like antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiplatelet, antiviral, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, ant...
A Review of an Important Medicinal Plant: Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd
Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2020
Middle class people who live in rural or urban areas often find it difficult to access modern health services, so they more often use traditional medicines obtained from herbal plants that grow around them. Alpinia galanga (Zingiberaceae), often referred to as galangal, is one type of herbal plant that is widely grown in Asia. Many developing countries cultivate this plant, including Indonesia. This plant has a variety of benefits, ranging from being used as a food flavoring, which creates a distinctive aroma in cooking. This plant can also be used as a treatment for various diseases. Although the galangal rhizome is the most widely used and studied part of the plant, the flower on the galangal plant can also provide additional benefits because these flowers have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, although their chemical composition is different from parts of the galangal rhizome. This study, therefore, aimed to describe the traditional use of rhizome galangal, its phytochemi...
Biological Activities of Greater galangal, Alpinia galanga - A Review
Green plants have been used for many years for their biological activities. Many species of Zingiberaceae family have been studied for their potential biological activity. Alpinia galanga from the family Zingiberaceae has been widely used decades ago and is still used for traditional and medicinal purposes. Easy availability and low cost has enabled more people to benefit from this dynamic plant. Studies have been conducted widely using the rhizomes, leaves, flowers, pseudostems and seeds apparently to explore its potential. Active compounds such as 1,8-cineol, α-fenchyl acetate, β-farnesene, β-bisabolene, α-bergamotene, β-pinene and 1’-acetoxychavicol acetate from Alpinia galanga plant. Among all the bioactive compounds, 1,8-cineol known as marker compound in the Alpinia spp provide strong biological activity. Active compounds from this plant cause variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, antiulcer, antiallergic, antioxidant effect and insecticidal activity. Therefore this is the latest information on the biological activity and the active compounds of Alpinia galanga.
Eureka Herba Indonesia
Staphylococcus aureus is a type of bacteria that causes infection through the virulence mechanism of biofilm formation, namely forming a layer by removing the matrix as a form of defense from the immune system and from antibacterial agents. This bacterium makes it very easy to form biofilms, thereby reducing the effectiveness of therapy with antibiotics. Red galangal is a spice plant that grows a lot in Indonesia. It is known to contain flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, which are thought to have activity in inhibiting biofilm formation. This study aimed to determine the effect of red galangal rhizome extract in inhibiting the formation of biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The method used is the test tube method using crystal violet dye. The results of the tube test method were photographed and quantified into the mean gray value (MGV) found in the Adobe Photoshop CS6 application. The thicker the biofilm is indicated by the lower the MGV value. Red galangal extract was o...
A REVIEW ON PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ALPINIA GALANGA Review Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2019
Alpinia galanga plant which is associated with family Zingiberaceae is mainly scattered in tropical areas and widely known for ethno medicine. Against fungi and bacteria rhizome extract have a maximum inhibitory effect. Alpinia galanga plant is used in medicine and in food preparation. Rhizome extract of Alpinia galanga have high phenolic and flavonoid contents when compared to leaf extract. Because of elevated phenolic and flavonoid content in rhizome extract of Alpinia galanga there is noticeable antimicrobial as well as radical scavenging potential. It is a well-known official drug thought out the country as integrated contribution of nature. It is commonly used for the management of eczema, coryza, bronchitis, otitis interna, gastritis, ulcers, morbilli and cholera, pityriasis versicolor, to clear the mouth, emaciation. The different parts of the plant have various effects like antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiplatelet, antiviral, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anti-oxidant effects, hypolipidemic and many others. The essential oil of A. galanga identified 1, 8-cineol as a bioactive agent having antifeeding activity. An aqueous acetone extract of fruit of Alpinia galanga shows inhibitory effect on melanogenesis (formation of melanin). By using different methods, active constituent namely, 1'acetochavicol acetate in hexane extract of Alpinia galanga rhizome was investigated for their corrosion inhibition properties. The current review add significant information about its, pharmacological activities, medicinal properties and phytochemical investigations as a traditional drug to cure for a number of diseases. Every fraction of the plant has valuable properties that can deliver humanity. The complete plant will be broadly investigated for further future prospective.
Studies on antibacterial activity of four medicinal plants
The present investigation has been carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Acorus calamus rhizome, Alpinia galanga rhizome, Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark, Piper cubeba fruit, against two gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and two gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) organisms respectively. Antibacterial activity was assessed by agar disc diffusion method. The activity of the extracts was measured by zone of inhibition and compared with a standard antibiotic Gentamicin. Among the various concentrations (50, 100, 150 µg/ml), 150µg/ml was found to be very effective. From the data of the results obtained in the present study, it can be concluded that, among the four plants selected, ethanol extracts of Acorus calamus and Alpinia galanga have given scopeful results against the microorganisms selected. Even though the extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Piper cubeba have antibacterial activity, at low concentration there was no appreciable activity.