Essays in planning policy and urban economics (original) (raw)
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Urban Conservation Practice and Theory.DOC
Urban Conservation has been a thriving discipline in planning education for the last fifty years of this millennium. Dramatic shifts in our views about the theory and practice of urban conservation can easily be noticed worldwide. The vocabulary shifts from archeological preservation, to restoration, to conservation and rehabilitation clearly indicate the educators and professionals changing attitudes towards the whole field. This research discusses attitude development of the urban planners and designers towards the older city districts with regard to the objectives of urban conservation and their methodologies. The thesis of this research is that planning education had clearly shifted its focus from keeping the actual physical features of the urban context to regaining the lost urban identity, demonstrating the traditional communal agility, and teaching the new generations about ways of the past. The new international economic order (NIEO) has impacted on educating planners for urban conservation since cultural tourism, and corporate travel incentives on a global level became a major influence on local communities' willingness to conserve their urban heritage.
Sustainability, 2019
The paper presents the analysis of the statistical data on population and real estate in 20 small-to-medium-sized cities in Northern Italy and shows a high rate of vacancy of housing and significant shrinkage of businesses and institutions in the historic centres, where urban heritage is concentrated. Given these findings, the paper analyses the official city plans of the cities with the worst underutilisation conditions, to understand how the plans have reacted to the decline of the centre. The result shows the extensive planning and regulation activity has very limitedly registered the phenomenon and failed to propose the empty inner cores as resources to reduce land consumption and recycle valuable assets in a circular economic vision. Combining the statistical data and the findings from the city plans, the paper concludes that Italian historic centres are living paradoxes—a collection of beauty, icon of well-being, model of sustainability, but abandoned—and therefore, the dense ...
Urban Conservation Should Be Considered In the Framework of the Post-Modern Metropolis
2016
Icinde yasadigimiz kentsel mekânin yapisini anlamak, mevcut dokuya yeni mimari mudahalelerde bulunmak ya da ona eklemlenmek icin onemli bir asamadir. Dunya uzerinde cesitli cografyalarda yer alan kentlerin farkli kulturel ve morfolojilere sahip oldugu gozlemlenir. Cografi kosullar kadar mekânsal yapiyi etkileyen bir diger faktor ise toplumlarin sosyo-kulturel yapisidir. Bu birbiriyle ic ice gecmis iki yapi kentlerin tarihsel bir surec icerisinde degismesine, evrilmesine neden olur. Bu degisimin mekanigini anlamak amaciyla ozellikle yirminci yuzyilin ilk ceyreginden itibaren kentler uzerinde morfolojik ve tipolojik calismalarin agirlik kazandigina tanik oluruz. Avrupa temelli bu calismalar farkli disiplinlerin bakis acilarindan kent dokularinin mekânsal yapilarini cozumlemeye calisir. Ingiltere’de cografya uzerinden giderek kentin morfolojik yapisi incelenirken, Italya’da mimari agirlikli tipoloji ve morfoloji gelenegi on plana cikar, Fransa’da calismalarini surduren Versailles okulu...
This paper presents an overview of how integrated conservation of urban scale heritage is managed in the urban rehabilitation practice in Portugal and its relation with local urban planning. The central argument is that the safeguard of urban scale heritage is mainly a question of urban management and urban planning, which necessarily implies a framework that results from conciliation among the culture and the land use administrations. For that purpose, we consider that special attention to a cultural debate concerning the urban heritage concept itself plays a key role, once it can lead to a focus on urban rehabilitation practice, commonly spread and diffuse in its objectives. We also believe that integrated conservation practice doesn?t belong exclusively to one of the several land use plans of our top-down planning framework and therefore requires a cross-management strategy ? top-down and bottom-up ? and urban management skills to take advantage of each of those land use plans.
European Spatial Research and Policy, 2015
This article analyses the structure of heritage conservation in the national context of Portugal. It assesses the political context in which planning operates, and the place of conservation and heritage planning within the planning system. By exploring how heritage conservation discourses developed within the national planning framework it is possible to understand the emergence of conservation practices and to consider recommendations for improved efficiency. The World Heritage cities in Portugal inform this research, as its designation should stand for best historic practices, internationally recognized and thus also compliant to an internationally coherent approach towards conservation policies. The narrative unveils a regulatory legislative framework exposed in general considerations rhetorically formulated as policy, usually setting out objectives and requirements, but saying ‘very little about the methodologies to be followed in the preparation of the plans’ (Rosa Pires 2001, ...
'The Governance of Urban Heritage', 2015 08 (text)
The term integrated conservation first entered the lexicon of urban heritage in the 1975 Council of Europe European Charter, recognising that the future of the architectural heritage depends on the weight attached to it within the framework of urban and regional planning. Since then, the agendas of sustainability, sustainable development and climate change have entered the debate, and various attempts have been made to re-position urban heritage from a specialist to a mainstream activity in the European context. In ‘The Geography of Urban Heritage’, we argued that the quantum of urban heritage recognised and appreciated today underscores a level of responsibility for the maintenance and processes of continuity whose realisation is beyond the scope and capacity of a specialist field. Additionally, that the complementary values of community, heritage, resource and usefulness, harnessed to common purpose, afford a potent combination for responding to the challenge. That article promoted the thesis that for urban conservation to become a mainstream activity, heritage professionals need to nurture relationships centrally within the broad discipline of geography – the core discipline of urban planning; and reciprocally, geographers need to recognise the vital role of urban heritage beyond a limited perception of its compass. The 2010 European Union Toledo Declaration acknowledged the importance of urban heritage, and defined the multiple dimensions of sustainability as economic, social, environmental, cultural and governance. Governance at the municipal level is the key to integrated urban planning policy and practice. This article explores current initiatives in the field and proposes directions for further research and implementation.
2018
The management and conservation of cultural heritage, including architecture and urban sites, is a necessity and a duty of the modern world. The identity of European society is strongly linked to the architectural heritage, it represents an irreplaceable resource for its inhabitants, in terms of psychological, economic and social wellbeing. During the 20th century several international charters and conventions were adopted, developing and evolving conservation principles and methods. Meanwhile the object of the protection has changed, moving from the archaeological and artistic heritage to the historic towns, which require an integrated conservation in the society, in order to reconcile the urban renewal actions with the protection of historical and architectural values of each site. This means making delicate choices and difficult operations, which change from country to country depending on the attitude adopted regarding to the conservation. This work compares the legislative and ...
Introduction to Urban Conservation (the complete book)
The historic origins of the conservation movement on the international level The origins of the conservation movement in the United Kingdom The historic roots of the French conservation movement The historic origins of the conservation movement in Italy The historic roots of the historic preservation movement in the United States of America The historic roots of the Egyptian experience in architectural and urban conservation Chapter Two: Arguments for and Against Architectural and Urban Conservation The motives that have stimulated the conservation movement in Europe The social factor: the reaction against comprehensive development The environmental motive The motives that stimulate further practice of urban conservation in Egypt The economic motive The architectural motive The management of World Heritage Sites, as a motive for conservation The didactic and cultural motives Chapter Three: The Legislative Framework Involved with Architectural and Urban Conservation
The governance of urban heritage
The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice, 2016
The term integrated conservation first entered the lexicon of urban heritage in the 1975 Council of Europe European Charter, recognising that the future of the architectural heritage depends on the weight attached to it within the framework of urban and regional planning. Since then, the agendas of sustainability, sustainable development and climate change have entered the debate, and various attempts have been made to re-position urban heritage from a specialist to a mainstream activity in the European context. In ‘The Geography of Urban Heritage’, we argued that the quantum of urban heritage recognised and appreciated today underscores a level of responsibility for the maintenance and processes of continuity whose realisation is beyond the scope and capacity of a specialist field. Additionally, that the complementary values of community, heritage, resource and usefulness, harnessed to common purpose, afford a potent combination for responding to the challenge. That article promoted the thesis that for urban conservation to become a mainstream activity, heritage professionals need to nurture relationships centrally within the broad discipline of geography – the core discipline of urban planning; and reciprocally, geographers need to recognise the vital role of urban heritage beyond a limited perception of its compass. The 2010 European Union Toledo Declaration acknowledged the importance of urban heritage, and defined the multiple dimensions of sustainability as economic, social, environmental, cultural and governance. Governance at the municipal level is the key to integrated urban planning policy and practice. This article explores current initiatives in the field and proposes directions for further research and implementation.