EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZA INOCULATION OF PEPPER SEEDLINGS (Capsicum annuum L.) ON THE GROWTH AND PROTECTION AGAINST Fusarium oxysporum INFECTION (original) (raw)
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Effect of Four Mycorrhizal Products on Fusarium Root Rot on Different Vegetable Crops
Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 2015
Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAM) are symbiotic fungi which interact with the root system of higher plants by producing external and internal hyphae, vesicules and arbuscules. This study aimed to determine the efficiency of different vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in improving plant resistance against Fusarium oxysporum. Four mycorrhizal products; Bacto_Prof, Endomyk_Basic, Endomyk_Conc and Endomyk_Prof were used. Glomus intraradices was the mycorrhizal fungus. All products reduced Fusarium infection by increasing the plant height and reducing the root infection. Bacto_Prof was the best product in the presence of Fusarium infection of tomato plants which showed an increase in plant height up to 44% and 154% in plant fresh root weight (FRW). Fusarium was reduced by 50% in Bacto_Prof treated tomato plants and mycorrhizal colonization was enhanced from 31% to 42% in Fusarium infected tomato seedlings. In pepper experiment; Endomyk_Basic was the best product in all treatments which enhanced mycorrhizal root colonization from 56% to 68%. Fusarium infection was suppressed in pepper treated plants with Endomyk. Basic from 2.45% to 1.5%. Mycorrhizal colonization with all products was enhanced by the presence of Fusarium more than in non-infected plants. In squash experiment Endomyk_Basic was the best product, but in root colonization Endomyk_Conc performed the best form 52% to 64%. From the results of this study, it was concluded that all mycorrhizal products were significantly inhibited Fusarium infection by enhanced and increased mycorrhizal root colonization, so enhanced plant growth and increased root volume.
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 2017
Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is an important spice plant of Indonesia. In Bangka Belitung Province, the main pepper producer, pepper has been the most commonly cultivated commodity. However, the production has declined from time to time. One of the causes of the decline is Pepper Fot Rot, caused by Phytophthora capsici. The rapid spread and development of the disease is mainly due to utilization of diseased plant materials for pepper cuttings and infested or diseased plantation soil. The materials used in this research included the infected soil taken from the infected pepper plantation at Bangka Island with disease intensity of pepper foot rot 60%, inoculum of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi in the zeolite medium, compost, and pepper seedling from Natar variety. This research was done by planting pepper seedling on infected soil and observing plant height, disease intensity, and infection of AM fungi on the roots. The results showed that soil from diseased pepper plants harbored high population of plant pathogens inoculum and caused the death of 9 week-old cuttings and retarded growth of the survivors. Sterilization of the infected soil with hot water vapor for 3 hours still could not control the pathogen. Good growth was observed on one node cutting planted in sterile soil amended with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Biocontrol against Fusarium
The present study shows the status of mycorrhization in three test varieties of chickpea. As the results revealed irrespective to the crops when arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were assessed under the influence of soil quality better results were obtained with unsterile soil in comparison to sterile soil. Chickpea variety ICC 11322 showed the best result against the Fusarium wilt and chickpea variety ICC 4951 was susceptible against the Fusarium wilt. Acaulospora spinosa showed best results with JG 74, Glomus mosseae with ICC 4951 and Glomus fasciculatum showed best results with ICC 11322. The lowest percentage mycorrhizal colonization was found on plants with the most severe disease symptoms.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology (Print), 2009
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) plays an important role in the ability of plants to defend themselves against pathogens. Studied the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi on induced resistance against Fusarium Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. lycopersici have been conducted. The results showed that M+P+NPK and M+P have ability to reduce the %of disease incidence of wilt disease by 93.3%, 66.7%respectively and reduction the % of disease severity by 97.3%, 86.1% respectively While treatment with fungicide F1 and F2 gave the lowest reduction to disease incidence% by 46.6%, 66.7% respectively, disease severity% by 45.4%, 43.4% respectively. The results of the effect of AM fungi on growth parameters conducted that a significant stimulation plant growth characters that including fresh weight dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoots length, number of leaves, and leaf area. In this connection total chlorophyll and carotenoids were significant increased in mycorrhizal tomato plants as compared to other treatments. M+P+N was the best treatment which increased total chlorophyll and carotenoids (129.2%, 107.1 %), respectively this was followed by M+P+NPK by 116.7%, 78.6 %. Studied the effect of AM fungi on total phenols and found a significant increase in total phenol contents M+P+NPK gave the highly increase 75.6 % while M+P by 47% compared to the check. While F2 and Topsin-70 were gave increase, 20.3 %, 16.3 %, respectively compared to the check. The activity of TAL, POX, PPO, ACP and ALP of mycorrhizal tomato plants were significantly increased as compared to other treatments. In the same mannes, AM fungi increasing significantly the total nitrogen, phosphorous and protein.
2021
Context: Pepper yields have declined in recent years due to the impact of several factors, including the presence and little availability of nutrients in the soil, and the lack of efficient strains of AMF in the technological package. The application of AMF strains in the nutritional process of pepper improves nutrient availability in the soil, and increases crop yields. Aim: To evaluate the yields of pepper (Capsicum annum L.) inoculated with efficient strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Methods: Direct inoculation of microorganisms during transplantation with a 10% proportion, depending on the rootball volume. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with four treatments, and four repetitions, with a control that was not inoculated, and three levels of inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices (INCAN-11), Glomus cubense (INCAN-4), and Funneliformis mosseae (INCAN-2). The zigzag sampling of fungal variables was done along the field, and several variables were...
Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on the performance of chilli (Bell) pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Journal of Applied Horticulture
Mycorrhizal application is known to increase crops productivity and enhance their tolerance to attacks of diseases, through improvement of crops uptake of phosphorus. Semi-controlled experiment was conducted in a green house to evaluate the influence of arbuscular-mycorrhizae (AM) fungi on the improvement of chilli pepper ('tatase') production in sub-humid soils of the tropics. The experiment was arranged in complete randomized design with six replications. Glomus mosseae and G. etunicatum were used to inoculate the pepper plants. Non-mycorrhizal inoculation served as control experiment. G. etunicatum was found to be effective in improving the biomass production of tatase and its fruiting potentials. Mycorrhizal inoculation also reduced the number of the abscised flowers and fruits. Tatase was found to respond differently to different Glomus spp. Dual inoculation of the plant with both AM fungi did not improve its performance above that of single inoculation with G. etunicatum. This experiment showed that mychorrhizal association induced early flowering and fruit production of tatase.
Date palm seedlings derived from Jihel (JHL), a susceptible cultivar to Bayoud disease (fusariosis caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis, Foa), were subjected to root inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) collected from south Morocco and multiplied on barley as host plant. Successfully colonized plants by mycorrhizal fungi (85 % of treated plants) produced typical intraradical structures (arbuscules, vesicles, hyphae). After ten months of colonization, mycorrhizal plants showed a significant increase in their growth expressed as shoot height, number of leaves per plant, shoot weight, root weight and the total biomass. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal (controls) date palm seedlings showed great differences in their leaf contents of phosphorus (P), potassium (K + ) and sodium (Na + ). When compared with controls, P increased more than two folds in mycorrhizal plants, while the values of K + and Na + doubled. When inoculated with Foa by injecting roots with a spore suspension, mycorrhizal (M + Foa) and nonmycorrhizal (C + Foa) date palm seedlings showed significant increases in their root total phenols and peroxidase activities during the first month after inoculation. The highest increases were found in mycorrhizal seedlings accompanied by limited plant death. Mycorrhization alone did not affect significantly total phenols and peroxidase activities during the first week of culture. Plant death decrease in plant lots subjected to root inoculation with the he AMF fungus. As revealed by mycorrhization of date palm seedlings, these results supported the hypothesis that induced resistance to Bayoud disease is mediated by high increases in phenolic compounds and peroxidase activities. These results highlight the importance of mycorrhizal fungi as biocontrol agents to combat Bayoud disease and improve date palm culture in infected palm groves.
Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2010
Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is a vascular pathogen that alters water status and growth of pepper plants and causes drastic reductions in yield. Its control is difficult because it can survive in field soil for several years. The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bioprotector agents against V. dahliae is an alternative to the use of chemicals which, in addition, is more respectful with the environment. The establishment of the mutualistic association of plant roots and AMF involves a continuous cellular and molecular dialogue between both symbionts that includes the preactivation of plant defense responses that may enhance the resistance or tolerance of mycorrhizal plants to soil-borne pathogens. Some AMF can improve the resistance of Capsicum annuum L. against V. dahliae. This is especially relevant for pepper cultivars (i.e. cv. Piquillo) that exhibit high susceptibility to this pathogen. Compared with non-mycorrhizal plants, mycorrhizal pepper can exhibit more balanced antioxidant metabolism in leaves along the first month after pathogen inoculation, which may contribute to delay both the development of disease symptoms and the decrease of photosynthesis in Verticillium-inoculated plants with the subsequent benefit for yield. In stems, mycorrhizal pepper show earlier and higher deposition of lignin in xylem vessels than nonmycorrhizal plants, even in absence of the pathogen. Moreover, AMF can induce new isoforms of acidic chitinases and superoxide dismutase in roots. Mycorrhizal-specif ic induction of these enzymatic activities together with enhanced peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in roots may also be involved in the bioprotection of Verticillium-induced wilt in pepper by AMF.