Effect of Four Mycorrhizal Products on Fusarium Root Rot on Different Vegetable Crops (original) (raw)
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Biocontrol against Fusarium
The present study shows the status of mycorrhization in three test varieties of chickpea. As the results revealed irrespective to the crops when arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were assessed under the influence of soil quality better results were obtained with unsterile soil in comparison to sterile soil. Chickpea variety ICC 11322 showed the best result against the Fusarium wilt and chickpea variety ICC 4951 was susceptible against the Fusarium wilt. Acaulospora spinosa showed best results with JG 74, Glomus mosseae with ICC 4951 and Glomus fasciculatum showed best results with ICC 11322. The lowest percentage mycorrhizal colonization was found on plants with the most severe disease symptoms.
Present study deals with the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of chickpea using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus hoi (Gh), Glomus fasciculatum (Gf) and Rhizobium leguminosorum Biovar. (Rl), which are the important members of rhizosphere and biological control agents, were examined on both the patho-system of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Foc) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum). The colonization and nodulation of two biocontrol agents exhibited differences as a result of reciprocal interactions of these items as well as the effect of the Foc. Nodulation of Rl particularly decreased in triple inoculation. In addition, colonization of AMF signifi cantly decreased in treatment of Foc+AMF than control, AMF. It was determined that single biological control agents inoculations were more effective than dual inoculations (AMF+Rl). When the morphological parameters of chickpea were considered, all of the morphological values were decreased in treatments which present Foc. Beside this all biological control agent increased total contents of P and N in treated plants compared to controls.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus
A study was conducted to investigate the ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in enhancing the growth and control of a root rot caused by different isolates of Fusarium oxysporum in sweet pepper seedlings. The plants were grown in plastic pots filled with sterilized horticultural soils. There were four treatments applied as follows: Fo (seedlings infected with fungus), M (seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi), Fo + M (seedlings inoculated with mycorrhiza and infected with fungus) and control. A randomized experiment was used and the growth, disease index, and photosynthetic activity of the plants were measured after 4 weeks. The investigations showed that the mycorrhizal inoculation had a protective effect on the F. oxysporum-infected pepper seedlings. The plants were characterized by a higher growth rate and a lower disease index than those growing only in the presence of the pathogenic fungus. The roots inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi were better developed than t...
Current Plant Biology, 2018
The protection of plants from pathogens results to better performances in growth and yield characters. Therefore, the efficacy of Glomus clarum and G. deserticola as biocontrol agents against Fusarium verticillioides (AKR 05, ILR 06 and ERW 05) strains on maize T2L COMP.4 was investigated. Concentration 10 g (20 spores), 20 g (48 spores) and 30 g (72 spores) of Glomus clarum and G. deserticola were inoculated separately into 8 kg of soil at four weeks after planting (WAP), with a control (0 g). In addition, spore suspension (1.0 × 10 6 spores/mL) of Fusarium verticillioides was inoculated at 8 WAP. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The pathogenic effects of F. verticillioides on plant height and shoot weight were significantly reduced by the application of 20 g of G. clarum and 30 g of G. deserticola. Also, 10 g of both G. clarum and G. deserticola significantly enhanced the production of the husk cover, while 30 g G. clarum and G. deserticola significantly reduced the severity of maize ear rot. Therefore, 30 g G. clarum and G. deserticola had biocontrol potential against Fusarium verticillioides. Hence, they are recommended to maize producers in Fusarium endemic agro-ecological zones for optimal production.
International Journal of BioSciences, 2019
Biological control agents (BCA) are important as some establish symbiosis with plants hence controlling plant diseases, improving plant nutrients uptake and water absorption. Use of BCA in soil borne disease management is not fully harnessed and is also faced with inconsistencies in developing their formulations. We therefore investigated the use of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AMF), Glomus intraradices, and Trichoderma harzianum (T-22) against soilborne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici (Fol) in tomato. G. intraradices isolate 510 held on expanded clay as carrier material was incorporated into the substrate during germination of tomato seeds and at the transplanting stage. T-22 inoculum was also initiated from potato dextrose agar and inoculated at each transplanting stage, while Fol was applied through drenching. To test the possible synergistic effects, AMF and T-22 were applied in combination under varying niches. Results showed that application of AMF and T-22 together had significant reduction (30.5% p<0.005) in Fol. Tests under varying phosphorous (P) regimes revealed significant reduction in wilting symptoms by 40.3% (p<0.005) following Fol infection. Plants grown under high levels of P showed typical Fol symptoms characterized by yellowing and gradual wilting, while plants with low levels of P wilted directly without undergoing the yellowing stages. The results show the significant role of AMF and T-22 as BCA against the soil-borne pathogen Fol and contributes to development of safe and sustainable disease management strategy.
Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) was applied as an induced resistance mean against Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by F. oxysporium f.sp. lycopersici. Results proved that (VAM+NPK) and VAM alone could reduce disease incidence and severity (%) by (93.3% & 66.7%) and (97.3%, 86.1%), respectively, relative to the untreated control. Whereas, treating with the fungicide Topsin M resulted in the lowest reduction regarding these parameter by 46.6% and 45.4%, respectively. VAM+NPK proved to be the superior treatment as it increased total phenols by 75.7% relative to the untreated control. Also, this treatment improved plant growth parameters such as fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, shoot height, No. of leaves/plant as well as leaf area. On the other hand, this treatment increased the total chlorophyll (a&b) and carotenoids in fresh leaves relative to the control by 139.1% and 107.1%, respectively. Also, it recorded the highest activities of tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) enzymes. Moreover, VAM+NPK treatment recorded the highest increase (%) of total nitrogen (666.7%), protein (605.3%) and phosphorus (135.8%) in dry tomato plant tissues relative to those determined in the infected untreated control.
Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management
The productivity of onion in Indonesia is generally low due to fusarium wilt disease. Biological controls can be applied using PGPR and Mycorrhizae. The purpose of this research was understand the interaction between PGPR and Mycorrhizal inoculation against fusarium wilt intensity as well as the growth and yield of onions. The isolation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cepae and PGPR, followed by the tests of PGPR inhibition ability, phosphate solvent and HCN compound productivity. The method used in the field was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 replications. Results showed that the combination of PGPR and mycorrhizae as a whole was unable to suppress Fusarium wilt disease, but had significant effect to postpone the incubation period (26,19 days after inoculation) and increase the growth and yield of onion compared to the onion plants infected with Fusarium but without the combined treatment of PGPR and mycorrhizae and the PGPR treatment and mycorrhizal treatment as single tr...
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 2017
ABSTRACTTomato is a vegetable crop which is preferred by the Indonesian people. The problem encountered in tomato production is Fusarium wilt which is known as devastating disease. Studies have been done to solve the problem but effective and inexpensive control technique is still questioned. This study aimed to ascertain the ability of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi as biological control agent in reducing tomato Fusarium wilt. Research was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 10 replications. The treatments were untreated plants, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici inoculated plants, AM fungi inoculated plants, AM fungi + F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici inoculated plants, F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici + benomyl inoculated plants. The results showed that plants which were inoculated with AM fungi had better growth compared to those which were not inoculated with AM fungi. Moreover, plants which were inoculated with AM fungi showed lower...