Complexities of Governmental Affordable Housing Programmes for Urban Poor in Slums of India (original) (raw)
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Affordable Housing is fast taking centre stage in the national agenda. In India, affordable housing is a term largely used in the urban context. This is more a matter of administrative logistics: at the national level, the rural housing sector falls within the purview of the Ministry of Rural Development, while the “Housing and Human Settlements” in urban areas is the jurisdiction of The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation. It is the latter ministry that has spearheaded affordable housing as a concept and policy.Developing affordable housing on a large scale is the greatest challenge in urban India today, promising a solution to the proliferation of slums, unorganized real estate development, unplanned growth and transit congestion. It is vital that certain critical issues are addressed urgently to make affordable housing a possibility. Affordable housing is a larger concept than low cost housing, it includes within its ambit low and middle income group housing with a larger basic amenities like schools and hospitals. From the above, it is clear that a one size fits all approach cannot and will not work in the affordable housing sector.
Affordable housing: Policy and practice in India
IIMB Management Review, 2015
Affordable housing is a problem that many countries are taking stock of, world over. In India, the problem is much more stark with an estimated shortage of around 18 million houses, with 99% of this in the economically weaker sections of society. This paper sets out the definitions of affordable housing in India and across the world; the issues with the various definitions of affordable housing; the institutions and agencies responsible for formulating and implementing affordable housing policies in the state; the opportunities and challenges in affordable housing as well as a discussion on learnings from international experience in this sector.
This is a paper prepared by me for the Indian Institute of Management Bangalore-CRERI Real Estate Research Initiative. The paper is intended as a overview of the affordable housing sector with special emphasis on India. Affordable Housing is fast taking centrestage in the national agenda. In India, affordable housing is a term largely used in the urban context.Affordable housing refers to any housing that meets some form of affordability criterion, which could be income level of the family, size of the dwelling unit or affordability in terms of EMI size or ratio of house price to annual income. The demand drivers for affordable housing are several.Alongside the growth of the urban population, rising incomes have led to the expansion of the middle class. This has led to a spike in demand for housing that is affordable but includes basic amenities. The agencies working in the affordable housing sector can be classified into . the public sector and the private sector. Both are dogged by issues such as scarcity of land,scarcity of marketable land parcels,titling Issues, rising costs and regulatory concerns. The way forward calls for a collaborative multi-pronged multi-stakehoder approach.
Policy approaches to affordable housing in urban India: Problems and Possibilities
IIHS (2015) Policy Approaches to Affordable Housing in Urban India. IIHS: Bangalore., 2015
This publication is a 2015 team-authored policy paper on approaches to affordable housing policy that takes on ten dynamics that shape the context of addressing the housing question through state practice. It is written jointly by faculty at the Indian Institute for Human Settlements. Suggested Citations therefore should be IIHS (2015) Policy Approaches to Affordable Housing in Urban India. IIHS: Bangalore.
Affordable housing development in India: A real deal for low income people?
affordable housing development in India: a real deal for low-income people? affordable housing has been the latest addition in the lexicon of Indian policy circles. as neoliberalism started gathering political and policy momentum, the discourse around low-income housing has shifted towards the government of India's agenda of 'affordable housing for all'. a stated goal of the policy is to increase housing supply, including the low-income category. today, however, the manifesting goals of affordable housing design seem to be a 'walk in two worlds', with inherent contradictions and paradoxes in the housing 'dream' currently being repackaged as affordable homes for low-income people. this paper investigates this aphorism. It argues that both affordability and housing design have several different meanings and identities. transplanting standard housing design across the board suggests a rather elementary confluence of priorities and policies that is capable of producing a range of alternative scenarios, which may not necessarily align with the goal of 'affordable housing for all'.
Identification of Indicators for affordable housing in Indian Scenario
CSVTU research journal, 2022
The world is changing rapidly as the twenty-first century begins, but adequate and affordable housing remains a concern for all countries. To address pressing issues such as slum reduction, economic and social development, and climate change, a new understanding of housing is required. Housing is no longer just a roof; it now plays an important role in achieving sustainable development, as the concept of sustainable housing envisions. This targets to identify the indicators for affordable housing in India. Rapid urbanization including migration to towns have created rigorous urban housing shortages within India, mainly for the economically weaker segments and low-income groups. To bridge aforementioned demand-supply gap we necessitate a substantial abundance of affordable houses in India. To outlines the prevailing situation toward affordable housing including study the different policies and schemes concerning central, state and local governments concerning affordable housing. Understanding urban housing regulations policy and guideline reforms on private participation investment in urban affordable housing, to subdue housing shortage by 2022 in India.
Examination of Affordable Housing Policies in India
Business and Management Horizons, 2016
In this paper we critique the Government of India’s programmes for affordable housing in India, namely the Rajiv Awas Yojana and Housing for All 2022. We analyse the efficacy of these policies in being able to provide the sections of the population who are unable to avail housing from the formal market, both through direct support and most importantly in addressing the many distortions that have made the housing unnecessarily expensive, while taking away much of the value to consumers. We argue that while these programmes and policies are a major advancement over the previous approaches, they do not fully exploit the potential that is there in an increased FSI, appropriate exploitation of locational value, judicious use of government land, reform of titles and squatter rights, and more efficient land use regulations. They are also constrained by an inability to distinguish between what the markets can be coaxed to deliver and where state intervention becomes necessary.
Structure of Housing Deficiency in India and Policy Response at the National Level: A Review
Binucom + KRVIA, 2017
This paper will adopt a technocratic approach to outline the structure of housing deficiency in India, to contextualise nine central government policies/schemes relevant to the housing sector, initiated in the past decade. Deficiency is understood here as a measure of deficit households requiring new houses), inadequacy (existing houses that can be upgraded), and unacceptability (houses requiring replacement). The nine central government initiatives that will be described in terms of their aims and stipulations comprise JNNURM, RAY, NUHHP, MSAHP, SUH, RRY, PMAY, AMRUT, and the Smart Cities Mission. The final section will discuss the main orientations of these initiatives. The paper argues that housing policy in India seems to be a response to factors other than the challenges posed by the urban housing sector. It also argues that the variegated nature of the sector demands diverse policy interventions—with a special focus on supporting and enabling incremental growth, environmental improvements, and self-help—rather than a single-minded pursuit to promote new house construction. ◆
Housing poverty in urban India
Social Change, 2000
In this paper an attempt has been made to understand the nature, extent and causes of housing poverty in India. Housing stock, new household formation, homelessness, type of structure, number of rooms and households, slums and squatter settlements, housing investment, housing affordability, ownership occupancy, water connection and toilets have been taken as indicators of housing poverty. The paper is based on secondary sources. It concludes that mainly critically poor, low income groups and low middle income groups are suffering from housing poverty. The main causes of housing poverty is existing socioeconomic and political systems and unrealistic and insensitive attitude of ruling elite towards the growing needs of poor in growing cities. There is lack of political will rather than the resources. The need of hour is strong political will for comprehensive understanding of phenomenon and enhancement of human capabilities with public action and democratic government support.