The Impacts of Child Out-Migration on the Parents’ and Migrants’ Livelihood: The Case of Muher and Aklil Woreda of Gurage Zone (original) (raw)
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the culturally and traditionally constructed belief and value towards migration of young family members found to be motivational factor for the out migration to the RSA. Continuous flow of information between the migrants in the destiny and the potential migrant in the origin as well as the liberal migration policy of the host country have contributed for the outflow of the young Hadiya migrants from their society of origin. The effects of social and economic remittance which have manifested on the overall life of the migrant sending households and successful returnees found accelerating the outmigration in the study society. The tradition of sharing the cost of migration per individual in the present Hadiya society by the kin group had made easy to make decision on young migration which indirectly had contributed for the rapid growth of outmigration in the study area. The financial supports of the Diasporas had contributed for the rapid growth of the out migration of the young Hadiyas to the RSA. Hence, migration accelerates the potential migration. Migration and its flow of remittance directly benefited the society by providing young professionals of different sectors and created job opportunities for those beneficiaries through financing educational careers. Even migration benefited the society by creating opportunities of professionalism; it had found exerting critical challenges on the educational system and on the attitudes of the community towards the merits and values of education in the study area. . It was found that the remittances from the destiny had had great contribution for the improvement of health care situation for the migrant sending households. Migration of the young Hadiya society had contributed to strengthen the social bond among the kin groups and even between the clans by providing the chances to cope with social challenges with strong affiliation. Migration of the young and the remittance that flow had had contributed to the shift from the traditional marriage system of the community and aggravated the frequency of family divorce within the origin. Migration of the young Hadiyas to RSA had profound contributions to the flow of huge remittances that directly subsidized the accumulation of assets for the rapid growth of investment at home both at macro and micro levels which effects new job opportunities both in the rural and urban centers. Outmigration of the young Hadiyas had contributed for the widening of the economic hierarchy between the migrant sending and non-migrant households which exerts challenges for the later in the light of the ever increasing market price. Outmigration and its flow of huge remittances for the migrant sending families contributed for the rapid rise in price of commodities and services which had created critical challenges for the non-migrants household Out migration of the working young people to the RSA and the flow of the remittances from the destiny had created the rise on the cost of agricultural heard labour which became the challenge of the non-migrant households of the rural community and which indirectly exerted the high rate of rise on the market price on the agricultural commodities The human casualty of the young migrants to the RSA became one of the critical problems of the society which had been aggravated due to illegal migration and human trafficking that usually taking place through dangerous routes.
Certificate I certify that the above declaration is true to the best of my knowledge and belief. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is unfair of me to thank only a few people by mentioning their names and their contribution in making of the term paper. I would like to give the credit of this term paper to all the great minds and my mentors who have molded my thinking and shown me a vision to do something to secure my future and the future of future generations. Even though I have mentioned only a few names here, I would like to thank each and every one of the readers because in some point of their lives each of them has thought over these ideas. I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my guide Mr. Sunil T. Sarode for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this term paper. The blessing, help and guidance given by him time to time shall carry me a long way in the journey of life on which I am about to embark. I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to Prof. F. Ram, Director, and Senior Professor for the kind of facilities he has provided us and his affability and accessibility was very worthwhile. Dr. D. A. Nagdeve our course coordinator for his immense support and kind of cooperation he has shown for us from the beginning of course until the end was indeed a fruitful for me. I am also thankful to the faculty members for their suggestions, which helped me to ameliorate the quality of this paper, whenever I approached them, their suggestions, remarks, and instructions during this course and the term paper clarified my misconceptions and helped me to improve my sympathetic of demography. I must convey my wholehearted thanks to IIPS library and Data Center staff for their kind cooperation. I would also like to offer my thanks to Mr. M. Seker, Assistant Registrar (Academic) and members of his team for the support. My sincere thanks to my seniors and my class mates and M.A. /M. Sc friends always there with helping hands because they gave me new ideas and encouraged me during the. They were involved from the inception of the project till the end. I also wish to thank all of my dear friends and my roommate always there with helping hands and moral and academic support at each and every step of the study. I am also grateful to my parents for their moral support and encouragement without which, it would not have been possible for me to shape my entire work.
Migration-Current trends in human development
National Human Development Report 2009, 2009
Preparation of the National Human Development Report 2009 would not have been possible without the support and valuable contribution from different organizations and individuals. Recognition is due to the Migration State Service of the Republic of Armenia for their reviews, valuable additions and recommendations. Special thanks are due to the National Statistical Service of RA for extensive statistical data, consultancy and calculation of indices. The Project would like to specify the invaluable input of the International Organization of Migration Armenia office, and especially Ms. Ilona Ter-Minasyan and Ms. Kristina Galstyan. The team also received useful comments and advice from UN/UNDP employees; the team is thankful to Mr. Armen Baibourtian and Ms. Narine Sahakyan. Recognition is due to Mr. Vrej Jijyan and Ms. Anna Gyurjyan for the overall coordination of the Report preparation activities. Special thanks are due to Mr. Samvel Khachatryan-the Armenian proofreader and Mr. Nazareth Seferyan-English proofreader. The team offers its special thanks to Mr. Dirk Boberg, UNDP Deputy Resident Representative for the provided intellectual support and guidance. The team also expresses sincere appreciation to Ms. Dafina Gercheva, UN Resident Coordinator, UNDP Resident Representative for useful advice and readiness to support. Thankful for all the support that they have received, the authors assume full responsibility for the opinions expressed in the Report.
2020
Introduction: Labor migration has become a means to make ends meet for low-income countries. It plays a key role to provide employment opportunities and has helped in the improvement of the standard of living. With the alarming rise of migrating workers, it becomes important to acknowledge the effects of migration on both the migrant workers in the destination country as well as families left behind at the place of origin. The objective of this study was to find out the status of migration of population in Khopasi village and their attitude towards the effects of migration on families left behind. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 256 residents of Khopasi, Kavrepalanchowk district from 10-15th November 2019. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire to assess the status of migration of immediate family members as well as the attitude towards migration and its effects. Results: The prevalence of migrant workers was 39.8%. The p...
Internal Migration and its Consequences on Migrant Families: A Case of Study the Punjab, Pakistan
Annals of Human and Social Sciences, 2021
The trends of rural to urban or urban to urban migration, is a common phenomenon especially in developing countries like Pakistan and have significant effects on both sending and receiving communities, and on the lives of migrant families. The target population of this study was the migrated families in Lahore city, from rural or other areas of the country. To draw the sample from target population a multistage simple random sampling was applied. A community based survey method was used for collection of primary information through structured questionnaire. The data was collected from migrated families and total 448 respondents were interviewed. Majority of the area in the country does not possess the basics as improved health facility, education institutes especially for females, better economic opportunities for livelihood and so many among others. Due to these unrest conditions most of the people migrate from their homeland to Lahore city in the hope of better livings. This migration brings positive as well as negative consequences on the host communities and the migrated lives also. Socio-cultural ties, kinship relations, community geographical and demographic situation, family type and process, occupational status among others have entirely changed because of this movement in the country.
IMPACTS OF RETURN MIGRATION IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF SHANI L.G.A.
2018
Abstract Migration is a major phenomenon in both traditional and contemporary global settings and thus it is not a new concept. The concept of return migration is as well a very popular practice in the traditional and modern world. Where migration refers to the movement of people from one geographical location to another for one reason or the other, return migration involved back migration to the initial destination a person migrated from which may not necessarily be the first origin (original home). The migrant might return to a second origin (the destination he stayed after migrating from his original home). Return migration usually have some impacts on the area of return, thus this paper examines such impacts on rural areas of Shani local government area. Interview was conducted to 118 respondents selected through simple random sampling in four major communities of Bargu, kubo, lakundum and Gwaskara. Respondents views affirmed that return migrants use to make positive impacts (such as skills, knowledge, improving the economy by investing their acquired resources, and increase in population as they return with their families and physical developments witnessed by new buildings) as well as negative impacts (importation of lifestyles foreign to the communities, inability to take part in community’s regular activities such as farming and sometime importation of diseases) in to the communities.it was also revealed that of return come with honour while others without which depends on the achievement of the migrant more especially as it has to do with economic prosperity.
Background and aim: One important facet of study on population is the study of migration arising out of various social, economic or cultural and political reasons. For a large country like India, the study of movement of population in different parts of the country helps in understanding the dynamics of the society better. At this junction in the economic development, in the country, especially when many states are undergoing faster economic development, particularly in areas, such as, manufacturing, information technology or service sectors, data migration profile of population has become more important. When a person is enumerated in census at a different place than his / her place of birth, she / he is considered a migrant. This may be due to marriage, which is the most common reason for migration among females-or for work, which is the case as generally among males, etc. It also happens that many return to their place of birth after staying out. To capture such movements of population census collect information on migration by last helps to understand the current migration scenario better Objectives: The general objective of this paper To study the socio economic status of the families of the international migrants, residing in Ramanathapuram district, Tamilnadu. Specific Objectives are to explore the Push Factors leading to InterNational Migration, to know social and cultural background of the families of the migrants before and after departure, to analyze the economical status of the families after the member moved to foreign countries, to extract the impact of international migration upon the families and to suggest remedial measures. Research Methods: The researcher has collected data from the families of the international migrants residing at Ramanathapuram district, who are working in south East Asian countries and gulf countries involving in construction, catering and domestic works. The data collection has been done with the proportionate number of respondents in four blocks i.e., Thiruvadanai, Paramakudi, Mudhukulathur and Ramanatha puram. A Research designs employed are the descriptive design and explorative design comprising the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to lend relevance and a scientific approach to the research purpose. In other words, the Research design refers to the entire plan of the study. The researcher applied Descriptive Research Design for study. Results: In a good number of families of 36 per cent, fathers are migrants to foreign countries. Also in a reasonable number of families of 31 per cent, husbands are migrants to foreign countries. A good number of respondents 46 per cent belong to the age group of 35-45. Just above the half of the respondents 57 per cent, have studied up to SSLC. A majority of the respondents 70 per cent are married. A majority of respondents of 75 per cent are living in nuclear families. A just above the half of the respondents 52 per cent are migrating because of indebtedness. At just above half of the respondents 54 per cent are facing draught for 1-3 years. A good number of respondents 37 per cent are having three and more lakhs of indebtedness. A less than half of the respondents 48 per cent are getting other source of income from daily wages. A good number of respondents 67 per cent are getting 3-5 thousands as monthly income from other sources. A least number of respondents 9 per cent were living in concrete house before departure it has alarmingly increased into a vast majority 83 per cent who are living in concrete houses after departure. An average number of respondents 21 per cent were living in owned house and after departure it has to be raised into a majority of respondents 73 per cent who are living in owned houses. Before departure a very least number 1 per cent of the respondents were using the bore well water, after departure it has increased into a majority of respondents 66 per cent to use the bore
44 Age-Sex Wise Reasons of Internal Migration in Uttar Pradesh, India.pdf
This article is an attempt to investigate the age-sex wise reasons of internal migration in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The study is based on secondary sources of data, collected from Census of India publications , New Delhi. The data regarding the place of last residence (duration of residence one to four years) of the migrants of the different age-groups have been taken into account.
The Factors Affecting Rural Migration: A Holistic Study
Anannya Chakraborty, S K Acharya, K Chethana, 2021
Rural to urban migration is a very common phenomenon as far as the social, economic and demographic changes are concerned. There are various causes regarding massive rural to urban migration which create a subsequent impact on urban population imbalance and extreme urban decay in India. The present study is conducted in Sira block of the Tumkur district. The area of the study is comprised of villages namely Devarahalli, Chikkanahalli, under Chikkanahalli gram panchyath. The The numbers of respondents were 60 and they were selected randomly. The data were collected trough pilot survey, structured interview and focused group interview. The statistical tools used for data analysis are correlation coefficient, step down regression, path analysis and factor analysis.family size (X 5), family material possession (X 10), per capita area(acre) (X 15)Per capita income from Agriculture and livestock-(X 16) and per capita annual other expenditures-(X 19) ;these are the independent variables which are significant with respect to dependent variable i.e. Y: Push Factor.