Characterization of UHF multipath radio channels in factory buildings (original) (raw)
Related papers
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1989
There has been recent interest in characterizing UHF propagation within buildings and houses. Factory radio channels, however, have not been discussed previously in the literature. This paper details the results of narrow-hand propagation measurements performed at five factories. The extensive empirical data indicate that path loss is dependent upon local surroundings and is log-normally distributed, temporal fading is Rician, and small-scale signal fluctuations due to receiver motion are primarily Rayleigh, although Rician and lognormal distributions fit some of the data. Shadowing effects of common factory equipment likely to obstruct indoor radio paths are also given here.
Industrial wireless systems radio propagation measurements
2017
Radio frequency (RF) propagation measurements were conducted at three facilities representing a crosssection of different classes of industrial environments. Selected sites included a multi-acre transmission assembly factory typical of the automotive industry; a small-sized machine shop primarily engaged in met alworking located on the NIST campus in Gaithersburg; and a steam generation plant located on the NIST campus in Boulder. A spread spectrum correlation sounder was used to take the measurements at a con tinuum of points throughout the facility by fixing the transmitter and moving the receiver at a constant rate throughout each facility. We analyzed the data collected from the RF propagation measurements of each site. Analysis is based on channel impulse response (CIR) measurements collected during the measurement using equipment developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The results of our analy sis include a tabulated summary and detailed exploration of various industry accepted channel metrics such as path loss, delay spread, and K factor. Our interpretation of the measurements contributes to an improved understanding of radio frequency propagation in factories and an additional perspective on deploying wire less communication devices within factories. The raw measurement data and analysis software are made freely available for public download.
Angular characteristics of multipath propagation in an indoor industrial environment
IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, 2021
The characteristics of multipath components (MPCs) are addressed in an industrial environment at 1.3 GHz by means of measurements with a multidimensional channel sounder. The maximum likelihood estimator, RiMAX, is used to determine the MPCs parameters and takes into account the diffuse scattering. Both line-of-sight (LOS) and obstructed LOS (OLOS) scenarios have been considered, along with the four polarization states. We found that the environment is very rich in multipath, that is on average, about 120 (resp. 70) MPCs in LOS (resp. OLOS) scenario due to the presence of several metallic reflectors. The azimuthal angle implies clustering of the MPCs, and therefore, the estimated MPCs are grouped in clusters using the K-powers-means algorithm based on the multipath component distance. In general, one to four clusters are determined with three clusters occurring with the highest probability, regardless of the scenario. Next, the intra-cluster parameters have been determined, and we show that the root-mean-square (rms) delay spread and rms angular spread follow a gamma distribution, regardless of the polarization. The MPC characteristics agree with the results in the literature and can be valuable when deploying a wireless sensor network in industrial environments. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
1991
This paper presents statistical radio channel impulse response models for the analysis and design of wireless factory and open plan office communication systems. The models incorporate first-and second-order statistics to characterize the discrete impulse responses of indoor radio channels for both lineof-sight (LOS) and obstructed (OBS) topographies. The effects of large scale transmitter-receiver (T-R) separation distance, small scale receiver movement, and models for the correlation of multipath component amplitudes over one meter local areas are developed from 1.3 GHz measurements reported in [I]. SIRCIM, a computer simulator based upon the models presented in this paper, has recreated multipath power delay profiles and CW fading profiles that are highly representative of measured data. Large scale models for path loss are implicitly included in this work.
IEICE Transactions on Communications, 2017
This paper describes analytical results obtained for floor penetration loss characteristics and their frequency dependency by measurements in multiple frequency bands, including those above 6 GHz, in an indoor office environment. Measurement and analysis results confirm that the floor penetration loss depends on two dominant components: the transmission path through floors, and the path traveling through the outside building. We also clarify that these dominant paths have different path loss characteristics and frequency dependency. The transmission path through floors rapidly attenuates with large inter-floor offsets and in high frequency bands. On the other hand, the path traveling through outside of the building attenuates monotonically as the frequency increases. Therefore, the transmission path is dominant at short inter-floor offsets and low frequencies, and the path traveling through the outside is dominant at high number of floors or high frequency. Finally, we clarify that the floor penetration loss depends on the frequency dependency of the dominant path on the basis of the path loss characteristics of each dominant path.
Measurement and Analysis of Radio Wave Coverage in Industrial Environments
2012
Several studies have characterized the path loss properties in industrial environments. However most of them have focused on one frequency, and some two or maximum three frequencies, usually cellular telephone frequencies or the unlicensed ISM bands that are commonly used in various industries. Few, if any, have characterized a larger part of the useable frequency range. This thesis is taking that challenge and investigates the path loss characteristics over a large frequency range, 300 MHz-3 GHz, in industrial environments. First a measurement system suitable for the harsh environments found in industries is designed and verified. The measurement system is designed as two asynchronous stand-alone units that can be positioned at an arbitrary position to measure the path loss characteristics in any environment without interfering with the normal activities at the location. After that a measurement campaign involving three different types of environments is carried out. The environment types are: first, one highly absorbing-a paper warehouse at a paper mill; second, one highly reflective-a furnace building filled with metal objects and constructions and third, a mine tunnel-located 1 km below the surface of earth which is neither highly reflective nor absorbing but exhibits somewhat wave-guide like characteristics.
Review of in-building propagation phenomena at UHF frequencies
Conference Record of The Twenty-Ninth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, 1996
m e n both the base station and subscriber antennas are located in the cluttered multipath environment inside buildings, fast fading is observed as either antenna is moved over a distance on the order of a wavelength. The fast fading is evident in measurements made on CWsignals, on individual arrivals forpulsed excitation, even forpulses as short as 5 ns. The statistical properties of the fading are discussed, along with the usual measures of the pulse response, such as path loss, mean excess delay, rms delay spread and coherence bandwidth.
In-building wideband multipath characteristics at 2.5 and 60 GHz
2002
Abstract This paper contains measured data for 2.5 and 60 GHz in-building partition loss. Path loss measurements were recorded using a broadband sliding correlator channel sounder which recorded over 39000 power delay profiles (PDP) in 22 separate locations in a modern office building. Transmitters and receivers were separated by distances ranging from 3.5 to 27.4 meters, and were separated by a variety of obstructions, in order to emulate future single-cell-per-room wireless networks.
The industrial indoor channel: large-scale and temporal fading at 900, 2400, and 5200 MHz
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2008
In this paper, large-scale fading and temporal fading characteristics of the industrial radio channel at 900, 2400, and 5200 MHz are determined. In contrast to measurements performed in houses and in office buildings, few attempts have been made until now to model propagation in industrial environments. In this paper, the industrial environment is categorized into different topographies. Industrial topographies are defined separately for large-scale and temporal fading, and their definition is based upon the specific physical characteristics of the local surroundings affecting both types of fading. Large-scale fading is well expressed by a one-slope path-loss model and excellent agreement with a lognormal distribution is obtained. Temporal fading is found to be Ricean and Ricean K-factors have been determined. Ricean K-factors are found to follow a lognormal distribution.