Digital and Mixed-Signal Implementation of Fast Transient Response Digital Controllers for High-Frequency Switch-Mode Power Supplies (original) (raw)

Digital control strategies for switch-mode power supply

IECON 2006 - 32nd Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics, 2006

Analogue control of monolithic DC/DC converters is coming to a limit due to high switching frequency and a request for large regulation bandwidth. Digital control is now experimented for low-power low-voltage switch-mode power supply. Digital implementation of analogue solutions does not prove real performances. Other digital controllers have been experimented but applied to discrete converters. This paper compares a classical digital controller to a possible alternative strategy. Sensitivity functions are used to compare controller performances. RST algorithm determined by robust pole assignment shows better performances.

Digitally-Contro lled Point-of-Load Converters with Wide Range ofCapacitive Loads

This paper addresses auto-tuning of digital controllers for point-of-load (POL) switching converters with wide range of capacitive loads. Two auto-tuning methods are considered with particular attention given to robustness and feasibility. The first method is derived from the well known relay-feedback autotuning technique, where specific frequencies are excited to gain information on the power stage. In the second, system-identification based method, compensator parameters are computed based on on-line identification of the power stage frequency response. The tuning techniques proposed in this paper have been specifically developed to handle wide capacitance and ESR range, and important extensions of the basic algorithms are implemented in order to face practical issues such as limit cycling conditions, output voltage tolerance specification, closed-loop bandwidth maximization and phase margin constraints. Simulation and experimental results on a 12to-1.5 V, 9 A, 200 kHz POL converter are provided to show the effectiveness and to compare the considered techniques.

A digitally controlled transient suppression method for integrated DC-DC converters

2008 IEEE International Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits, 2008

In this paper a transient suppression method applicable to integrated DC-DC converter is introduced. This method is designed for point-ofload applications where load current frequently varies. An auxiliary buck stage is added to a traditional buck stage that turns on only during transient to assist sinking or injecting load current. This helps swiftly to restore the output voltage to steady state and reduce transient variation. Simulation shows that for a 3W, 12V to 1V buck converter, this method effectively suppress the overshoot to be less than 3% when subjected to a 3A to 0A transient. This represents a 30% reduction in output voltage variations during transient comparing to control methods that only focus on fast recovery.

A Digital-Controller Parameter-Tuning Approach, Application to a Switch-Mode Power Supply

2007 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2007

Analogue control of monolithic DCmC converters is technologically coming to a limit due to high switching frequency and a request for large regulation bandwidth. Digital control is now experimented for low-power low-voltage switch-mode power supply. Digital implementation of analogue solutions does not prove real performances. This paper compares a classical digital controller to a candidate alternative strategy. Sensitivity functions are used to compare controller performances. An off-line approach using fuzzy logic to quantify controller performances and a genetic algorithm to obtain an optimal controller is presented. A so-called RST algorithm optimized with this approach shows better performances. a x s 1-4244-0755-9107/$20.1)0 62007 IEEE

Digital control implementation to reduce the cost and improve the performance of the control stage of an industrial switch-mode power supply

2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2011

The main objective of this work is the design and implementation of the digital control stage of a 280W AC/DC industrial power supply in a single low-cost microcontroller to replace the analog control stage. The switch-mode power supply (SMPS) consists of a PFC boost converter with fixed frequency operation and a variable frequency LLC series resonant DC/DC converter. Input voltage range is 85V RMS-550V RMS and the output voltage range is 24V-28V. A digital controller is especially suitable for this kind of SMPS to implement its multiple functionalities and to keep the efficiency and the performance high over the wide range of input voltages. Additional advantages of the digital control are reliability and size. The optimized design and implementation of the digital control stage it is presented. Experimental results show the stable operation of the controlled system and an estimation of the cost reduction achieved with the digital control stage.

Digitally-controlled steered-inductor buck converter for improving heavy-to-light load transient response

IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2008. PESC 2008., 2008

In this paper a novel digital controller and modified buck converter for improving heavy-to-light load transient response of low-power low-voltage dc-dc converters is introduced. The system is primarily designed for point-of-load (PoL) converters providing low regulated voltages for digital loads. In conventional buck topologies, the low output voltage, often below 1 V, severely limits the inductor current slew rate during the transients. To overcome this physical limitation, a modification is introduced whereby during heavy-to-light transients, the inductor current is, by the means of two extra switches, steered into the source and at the same time, the slew-rate of the current is significantly increased. The steering action is governed by a digital controller. The effectiveness of the system is verified on an FPGA-controlled, 12 V to 0.9 V, 10 W, experimental prototype. The results show that the steered-inductor digitally controlled buck converter has much shorter settling time and provides 2.8 times smaller overshoot than the conventional buck.

A Novel Time-Domain Based Design of PWM Controllers for Switch-Mode Converters and its Implementation by the C2000 DSP Family

A new time-domain design method for digital controller of PWM DC-DC converters that was developed, tested by simulations and verified experimentally. The proposed approach is based on the fact that the closed-loop response of a digitally controlled system is largely determined by the first few samples of the compensator. This concept is used to fit a digital PID template to the desired response. The proposed controller design method is carried out in the time domain and thus, bypasses errors related to continuous to discrete domain transformation and discretization. Digital PID controllers for a Buck and Boost type converters were implemented experimentally on a TMS320LF2407 DSP core. The code for the proposed PID control law was realized by assembly code to minimize the run time of the controller. Good agreement was found between the design goal, simulation and the experimentally determined response.

Design of low-power high-frequency digital controlled DC-DC switching power converter

This paper models a low-power high-frequency digitally controlled synchronous rectifier (SR) buck converter. The converter is a hybrid system with three operation modes. Digital PID controler is used. Key problems such as quantization resolution of digital pulse-width modulation (DPWM) and steady-state limit cycles of digital control switching model power supply (SMPS) are discussed, with corresponding solutions presented. Simulation of a digital control synchronous buck is performed with a fixed-point algorithm. The results show that the described approach enables high-speed dynamic performance.

Digital Charge Balance Controller to Improve the Loading/Unloading Transient Response of Buck Converters

IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2012

A linear/nonlinear digital controller is presented that allows a Buck converter to recover from a load transient event with near-optimal voltage deviation and recovery time. A novel digital double accumulator calculation block is used to calculate the appropriate pulse width modulation switching time instants. The proposed controller possesses many advantages not demonstrated by a single controller in the previous literature. For example, unlike many previously proposed time-optimal digital controllers, the proposed controller provides an excellent transient response as it is capable of reacting asynchronously to a load transient event. In addition, it is demonstrated that the proposed controller can operate without requiring information pertaining to the Buck converter's output inductor. Furthermore, the proposed controller can be extended to applications that require load-line regulation. Lastly, unlike all previous digital time-optimal controllers, the proposed controller does not require digital multiplier or divider blocks nor does it require 2-D lookup tables. Thus, the controller can be implemented through the use of low-cost field programmable gate arrays or complex programmable logic devices.