Review of Estimation the Effects of Petroleum Refinery Effluents on the Physicochemical Properties for Surface Water (original) (raw)
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Journal of FisheriesSciences. …, 2012
The Niger Delta is unique in Nigeria because it is the home of Nigeria's oil industry, with its attendant environmental hazards such as water, land and air pollution. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most toxic and persistent components of crude oil. The impact of PAHs in the environment will be determined by the types and quantity of each PAH. This study was therefore designed to screen some rivers in oil-producing Delta state for pollution with PAHs. Water and fish samples were collected from six Rivers (Egbokodo River in Warri, River Ethiope in Sapele, Urie River in Igbide Isoko, Asaba-Ase creek, Aragba River in Abraka, and Uzere Creek) in Delta State. The levels of PAHs were determined in the water and fish samples, and also in the processed dry ready-to-eat fish obtained from the same rivers. Generally, all the 16 priority PAHs were detected in five of the six Rivers, in three fresh fish samples and three dry ready-to-eat fish samples. The highest mean concentrations (3.79, 0.91, and 0.89 ppm) of PAH in water samples were in Rivers Ethiope, Asaba-Ase and Egbokodo respectively. Fresh fish samples from Aragba, Oteri, and Egbokodo Rivers had PAH values of 10.35, 0.36, 0.09 mg/kg wet weight respectively, while dry ready to eat fish from Oteri, Asaba-Ase, and Sapele had 29.33, 23.96, 0.39 mg/kg, respectively. Total bioconcentration factors (BCF) ranged from 0.0-1.73 in the rivers, except for aragba, which had a very high BCF (554.6) for anthracene. The results from this study portend a significant public health risk. An immediate attention from Nigeria's Federal Environmental Protection Agency is required in order to protect the river from further pollution and the people living in these communities.
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination: Its Effects and Treatment Approaches -A Mini Review
Ismail, H. Y., Grema, M. N., Isa, M. A., Allamin, I. A., Bukar, U. A., Adamu, A. and Fardami, A. Y. , 2022
Petroleum hydrocarbons are among the major driving forces of advancement in the last Century. Some of the hydrocarbons are however of health and environmental significance, due to their recalcitrance and persistence leading to adverse effects on health and ecosystem stability. Environmental pollution with petroleum and petrochemical products has been recognized as a significant and serious problem. Most components of oil are toxic to humans and wildlife in general, as it is easily incorporated into the food chain. This fact has increased scientific interest in examining the distribution, fate and behaviour of oil and its derivatives in the environment. The potential danger which petroleum hydrocarbons pose to humans and the environment makes testing and treatment unavoidable. As a result, a number of investigations over several years have led to the discovery of treatment technologies including physical, chemical, thermal and biological processes. Attempts to present a concise review on the status of hydrocarbon contamination, its effects on microorganisms, plants, animals and the ecosystem have been made. Different treatment technologies with their advantages and setbacks are also presented. This would enlighten individuals and stakeholders on the dangers pose by the petroleum products especially that oil prospecting in the Northeastern Nigeria is been intensified Keywords: Bioremediation, Contamination, Hydrocarbons, Petroleum Phytoremediation
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2013
The oil industry is a major source of contamination in Peru, and wastewater and sediments containing oil include harmful substances that may have acute and chronic effects. This study determined polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations by GC/ MS, mutagenicity using TA98 and TA100 bacterial strains with and without metabolic activation in the Muta-ChromoPlate™ test, and Microtox® 5-min EC 50 values of Peruvian crude oil, and water and sediment pore water from the vicinity of San José de Saramuro on the Marañón River and Villa Trompeteros on the Corrientes River in Loreto, Peru. The highest total PAH concentration in both areas was found in water (Saramuro=210.15 μg/ml, Trompeteros=204.66 μg/ ml). Total PAH concentrations in water from San José de Saramuro ranged from 9.90 to 210.15 μg/ml (mean= 66.48 μg/ml), while sediment pore water concentrations ranged from 2.19 to 70.41 μg/ml (mean=24.33 μg/ml). All water samples tested from Saramuro and Trompeteros sites, and one out of four sediment pore water samples from Trompeteros, were found to be mutagenic (P<0.001). One sediment pore water sample in Saramuro was determined to have a measurable toxicity (Microtox EC 50 =335.1 mg/l), and in Trompeteros, the EC 50 in water and sediment pore water ranged from 25.67 to 133.86 mg/l. Peruvian crude oil was mutagenic using the TA98 strain with metabolic activation, and the EC 50 was 17.18 mg/l. The two areas sampled had very high PAH concentrations that were most likely associated with oil activities, but did not lead to acute toxic effects. However, since most of the samples were mutagenic, it is thought that there is a greater potential for chronic effects.
Characterization of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Tropical Coastal Water of Sabah, Borneo
"The presence of carcinogenic compounds in the coastal waters was monitored to assess the health effects to human and the marine environment. The details on the level of hydrocarbon contamination in the coastal waters of some small islands and the port in Kota Kinabalu were provided to initiate the management and monitoring plan for ecosystem management and restoration of the target places. This paper reports the occurrences of oil and grease and 16 USEPA listed polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the selected locations of coastal waters of Sabah. A baseline reading on the oil and grease level was established using partition-gravimetric method while detection for polyaromatic hydrocarbons was studied using GC-MS. The level of oil and grease tested were all above the limit set by the Malaysian interim standards (0.04 mg/L), while the level of monitored polyaromatic hydrocarbons were still within an acceptable level. Most polyaromatic hydrocarbons monitored were detected in trace amount and many compounds were found to be below the detection limit of 0.02 μg/mL. The highest concentration of total polyaromatic hydrocarbons detected was 1.16 μg/mL, which was detected in the coastal waters of Manukan Island. Pyrene, benzo (a) anthracene and chrysene were detected in trace amounts in all locations. The levels of monitored carcinogenic hydrocarbon compounds were below the detection limit. Though detected at low levels, the presence of these elements in the coastal water is a cause for concern, hence continuous monitoring is recommended. The cumulative concentration of these compounds in molluscs and fish should be initiated to determine the accumulated level and the xenobiotic effect to humans and marine fauna. The main contributor of these pollutants was identified to originate from boating and shipping related activity in the vicinity of these area. Key Words: Oil and Grease, Polyaromatic hydrocarbons."