Impact of Climate Change on Pulse Production and it’s Mitigation Strategies (original) (raw)
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Climate change impact on pulse in India- A review
2020
Climate change has emerged as one of the major global environmental issues, due to its subsequent impact on food production and food security. The changing climatic conditions have a major impact on rainfed crops including pulses. Since pulses occupy major share in rainfed agriculture, reduction in yields as a result of climate change are predicted to be more pronounced for these crops. The increasing CO2 concentration is posing a serious threat as it leads an increase in the average global temperature but the same has been positively correlated with increased biomass and yield particularly in C3 plants. Pulses are reported to be particularly sensitive to heat stress; a short span exposure of high temperature at flowering stage can cause heavy yield losses through damage to anthers, flower drop and pod damage. The predicted changes in temperature and their associated impacts, water availability, pests, disease, and extreme whether events are likely to affect potential of pulse produ...
The study conducted among 200 pulse growers of Hamirpur district of Budelkhand region in Uttar Pradesh aimed at microlevel analysis of impact of climate change on weather parameters and their consequences on pulse productivity. Related secondary data on temperature and rainfall for the duration 2001-2008 were collected from the official records and primary data related to productivity of selected pulses like chickpea, pigeonpea and lentil were collected from the sampled farmers for the period 2004-08. During the four years, average maximum and average minimum temperature increased on an average of 0.86 and 2.46ºC, respectively from the baseline year of 2001-03. Similarly, the average rainfall declined at the absolute rate of 268 mm which was lesser by 31.2% than the normal rainfall during the above period from the same baseline year. On further analysis, it was oberved that with every 0.1ºC increase in maximum and minimum temperature, and temperature differences, the yield of the chickpea (38.49, 13.46 and 12.73 kg/ha), lentil (40.70, 14.22 and 13.46 kg/ha) and pigeonpea (22.86, 9.39 and 2.90 kg/ha) respectively, declined considerably. Results also indicated that there was greater impact of increase in average maximum temperature on yield reduction as compared to increase in minimum temperature and the temperature difference. The consequence of rainfall decline was also studied. On an average, the yield reduction for every 10 mm average annual rainfall drop for the selected pulse crops was found to be 12.35, 13.05 and 8.05 kg/ha for chickpea, lentil and pigeon pea, respectively. Farmers' perceptions to adapt their cropping system under the changing climatic conditions were documented.
With the growing recognition of the possibility of global climate change, an increasing emphasis on world food security in general and its regional impacts in particular have come to forefront of the scientific community. Agriculture production of rainfed regions is expected to suffer severe water crisis due to delayed monsoon, uneven distribution of rain as a result of climate change. The impact of climate change on pulses appears to be more serious. It is most unlikely that any additional area will be available for pulses cultivation in future, due to more returns with cereals under irrigation and also due to shrinking land base for agriculture. However, about 12 million hectares remains fallow during the post-rainy season after harvest of rainy season rice in the India and diverse soil types and climatic conditions of the rainfed rice fallow lands (RRFL) are suitable for growing both cool season and warm season pulses profitably during post rainy-season. The residual moisture left in the soil at the time of rice harvest will be sufficient to raise a short-season pulse crops. Further, by use of short duration and high yielding varieties of rice allowing rice to vacate fields in September-October, the traditional RRFL cropping can be converted into rice-pulses system. Inclusion of cool season and warm season pulses such as chickpea, lentil, mungbean, urdbean, fababean, lathyrus, peas etc. in RRFL will increase the productivity as well as the sustainability of the rice. This paper discusses the opportunities for the introduction of pulses and its expansion in RRFL with best bet technological interventions of crop establishment, integrated crop management and need for policy support for their use as an integral part of daily diet and a source of income to millions of resource poor farmers in the above regions.
Pulses Production and Productivity: Status, Potential and Way Forward for Enhancing Farmers Income
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019
Pulses are important for the nutritional security point of view of the cereal based vegetarian diet of large scale of country. India is the largest producer, consumer and importer of pulses in the world. It has been projected that 32.0 M. tones of total pulse requirement for the burgeoning population of India, which will grow to 1.69 billion by 2050. To attain upto this level an annual growth rate of 2.2% is required. The demand for pulses continues to grow at 2.8% per annum. Although challenges are diverse including climate changing scenario, decreasing land and water resources, this target is not unattainable. Increasing the average productivity of pulses to > 1200 kg ha-1 and bringing an additional area of about 3.5 M. ha. under pulses cultivation will be a concrete step in this direction. Enhancement of yield through development of input responsive varieties with multiple resistances to diseases and insect-pests, short duration varieties that fit well in different cropping systems and climate resilient varieties of pulses will be enormously helpful in a vertical expansion of pulses in the country. Similarly, development of new plant types for different agro-climatic situations, and development of photo-thermo insensitive cultivars in crops like urdbean and moongbean will help expanding the areas of these crops in the non-traditional areas of the country.
Assessment of climate change impact on pulse, oilseed and vegetable crops at Varanasi, India
Journal of Agrometeorology, 2016
Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT v4.6.1) was used to study the impact of climate change and variability on productivity of different monsoon (pigeonpea and groundnut) and winter season crops (chickpea, mustard, tomato and potato) at Varanasi. Keeping in view the observed trends in climate variability, productivity of different cash crops were simulated under plausible synthetic climatic scenarios of changes in temperature and carbon dioxide. Productivity of pigeonpea and groundnut in monsoon season and mustard, tomato and potato in winter season decreased with an increase in temperature. Productivity of different pulse, oilseed and vegetable crops increased under expected enhanced CO2 concentrations. Highest productivity decreased in pigeonpea crop (96.0%) in monsoon season and minimum in tomato crop (4.0%) in winter season with an increase of 3.0 °C in temperature above normal. Highest productivity increase in mustard crop (164.0%) in winter season and low...
Improved crop management practices for sustainable pulse production: An Indian perspective
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Pulses are an integral part of Indian agricultural economy next to cereals and oilseeds in terms of acreage, production and economic value. Pulses are rich source of protein and energy, but in India, these are largely cultivated under energy starved conditions resulting in poor pulse productivity. This is mainly because of unavailability of quality seed at desired time, cultivation on marginal and sub-marginal lands, imbalanced use of fertilizers and non-adoption of crop improved management practices. India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world, accounting for about 25% of global production, 27% of consumption and 34% of food use. To reduce the demand-supply gap, government of India launched various programmes in pulses. Still, prime attention is required to meet the food security challenges, especially in case of pulse sector. In order to enhance and sustain the pulse productivity at high levels, the development and promotion of low–cost pulse production techn...
Pulses Production in India: Present Status, Bottleneck and Way Forward
India is the still by and large vegetarian in dietary habit and heavily depends upon vegetative source to meet out its daily protein requirement. India is bound to be global leader in terms of production and consumer of pulses. Since, India is leading importer of pulses, production of pulse/ legume crops has been stagnant over the years. Consequent upon this there is widening gap between demand and supply. About 20 % of the total pulses demands are met by imports only. Apart from legumes fix atmospheric ‘N’ in readily available form to the upcoming succeeding crop. Associated non legume intercrop also gets benefited by ‘N’ transfer from legume roots up to some extent. It also contributes to sustain production system through physical, chemical and biological improvements of soil properties, as a rotation effect. The seed replacement rate is still (<30%) which lower than cereals especially wheat and rice. This paper addresses the bottleneck and focus on the way forward for improving pulses production in India, vertically and horizontally as well.
Changing Scenario of Pulses in India - An Analytical View
In India major five pulses chick pea, pigeon pea, green gram, black gram and lentil occupied 35, 16, 13, 12 and 7 percent of total legumes area contributing 48, 16,9, 7 and 6 percent pulses production~hi1e the other minor pulses contributed only 17 I percent in legumes area and 14 percent in pulses production. The annual compound growth of chickpea recorded the highest growth rate 4.61 percent in area, 6.32 percent in production and 1.64 percent in prdductivity during the 2000s decade while the growth I rates where lowest i.e.-1041,-0.81 and 0.61 percent respectively observed during 1980s decade. Pigeon pea recorded compound growth rate 2.30 percent in legumes area and 2.89 percent in pulses production but 0.56 percent in productivity only during 1980s followed hy,l.18, 2.05and 0.87 per cent in area production and productivity respectively during 1990s. In the case of lentil the highest growth rate was reported 5049 percent in area 1.99 percent in production and 3.43 percent in productivity during 1980s followed 1.~~~~2.~1
Daunting Situation of Pulses in India
ABSTRACT A.M.U. ALIGARH. From a situation where India had to import food grains for feeding its population in 1960s, the country has achieved self-sufficiency in producing rice and wheat. As far as pulses are concerned India is still too far to fulfill the mounting demand of pulses. 'Green Revolution' initiative in late 1960s resulted in rapid expansion of agricultural land and boost in agricultural production with the striking feature of double cropping. This revolution resulted in record grain output in 1970s. In case of pulses no promising measures had taken place for boosting pulse cultivation in the decades of 1960s and 1970s. However, in 1980s importance of pulses came under the ambit of mission programs and the production of pulses has increased by 34 per cent from 1980-81 to 1990-91. Further, in India ,1990s decade witnessed the problems such as regional imbalances, depletion of ground level water mainly in northern part, storage and distribution at state level due to giving much importance mainly to two crops paddy and wheat and neglecting other valuable crops such as coarse cereals and pulses which is low water resistant crops . Pulses contain a considerable amount of protein content that‟s why in India it is considered as poor man‟s meat as majority of population is vegetarian. The present paper tries to throw light on the importance of pulses cultivation in India and it also examines the pattern of growth in area, production and yield of pulses in India. It has also tried to find out the ways to explore the potential of pulses in major pulse producing states in order to expand its output. The time series data for the period 1950 -51 to 2011-12 regarding the area, production and yield of pulses has been used to calculate decadal growth rates, Coefficient of Variation and Coppock’s Instability Index (CII). KEYWORDS: Pulses Production, Growth Pattern and Instability Index.