Impact of heat treatment on HSS cutting tool (ASTM A600) and its behaviour during machining of mild steel (ASTM A36) (original) (raw)
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Experimental Analysis of the Wear Properties of Carburized HSS (ASTM A600) Cutting Tool
Prediction and control of undesirable deterioration of cutting tools are the most essential challenges emanating in the design of tool which has to be checked. As a result of an increase in wear rate of HSS cutting tools, so has the need for wear resistant. The result has been a progression of carburizing the tools for better performance. Based on the theoretical analysis and study of tool wear and parameters that mitigates against wear resistance of cutting tools, this research work presents an experimental investigation and analysis of the wear properties of carburized HSS cutting tools. Twelve Samples under consideration were carburized HSS (ASTM A600) tools (0.65% C) treated at 800,850,900 and 950 o C with holding time of 60, 90 and 120 minutes respectively. The wear properties of weight loss, wear volume, wear resistance and wear rate were carried out using Rotopol –V, impact tester, polisher, grinder and weight scale. It was found from the experiment carried out that cutting tool(sample 5) carburized at holding temperature and time of 800 o C and 90 minutes has the lowest cutting weight loss, volume and wear rate of 0.002 g, 0.00026 cm 3 and 5.476 X10-10 cm 2 with maximum wear resistance of 1.83X10 9. This showed that sample 5 has the best wear properties which undermined the general believe that the sample with highest holding temperature and time should have the highest wear properties. This experiment has further established carburization as one of the heat treatment methods that involved carbon penetration to the depth that improved wear rate and resistance of a material.
The overall aim of the study is to improve the tool body performance by use of an advanced steel grade with an optimized combination of all the demanding properties. Due to the high temperature conditions, the thesis concerns mostly hot-work tool steels increasing also the general knowledge of their microstructure, mechanical properties and machinability. Knowing the positive effect of sulphur on machinability of steels, the first step was to indentify a certain limit of the sulphur addition, which would not reduce the fatigue strength of the tool body below an acceptable level. In tool bodies, where the demand on surface roughness was low and a geometrical stress concentrator was present, the addition of sulphur could be up to 0.09 wt%. Fatigue performance of the cutting tools to a large extent depended on the steel resistance to stress relaxation under high dynamic loading and elevated temperatures. The stress relaxation behaviour, material substructure and dislocation characteristics in low-alloyed and hot-work tool steels were studied using X-ray diffraction under thermal and mechanical loading. Different tool steels exhibited different stress relaxation resistance depending on their microstructure, temper resistance and working temperature. Hot-work tool steels showed to be more preferable to low alloyed tool steels because of their ability to inhibit the rearrangement and annihilation of induced dislocations. High-temperature softening resistance of the hotwork tool steels was investigated during high-temperature hold-times and isothermal fatigue and discussed with respect to their microstructure. Carbide morphology and precipitation were determined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
"Influence of Hardening Process Over Modified Heat- Treated Carbon Steel Cutting Tool Materials"
Journal of Scholastic Engineering Science and Publication, 2021
In this research work, we have found that tool wear rate of the materials of high-speed steel and Titanium alloy which are having optimum composition of carbon and other constituents. Here we have expounded the distinguishing characteristics of high-speed steel and Titanium alloys in respect to the tool wear. Subsequently, we have carried out heat treatment process, where two machined specimens were kept inside the muffle furnace once it attained required temperature, it was maintained at that temperature for a certain period of time and then cooled back to room temperature, we have conducted hardness test, tool wear test. In addition to these cutting operations have performed over mild steel and aluminum workpiece.
THE EFFECT OF CARBURIZATION ON HARDNESS AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF THE MILD STEEL SAMPLES
The properties of metals and alloys can be changed by heating followed by cooling under definite conditions to make them suitable for specific applications. Carburization is a method of producing mild steel having tough inner core and hard outer surface. Three Heat Treatment process namely Quenching, Carburizing and Tempering were done. The mild steels are carburized at temperature range of 850 to 950 o C and then it is tempered at 200 o C for thirty minutes after that it subjected for different kind of tests such as abrasive wear, hardness, tensile and toughness. The results indicated that the process of carburization greatly improves the mechanical and wear properties like hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance and these properties increases with increase in the carburization temperature but apart from this, the toughness property decreases and it is further decreases with increase in carburization temperature. The mild steels carburized at the temperature of 950 o C gives the best results for the mechanical and wear properties because at this temperature it gives the highest tensile strength, hardness and wear resistance, so it must be preferred for the required applications.
Surface characteristics analysis of gas carburized new hot working tool steel
e-journal of Surface sciences and Nanotechnology, 2011
Gaseous carburizing effects on improvement of performance of a new grade hot working tool steel close to as either chromium AISI H11/H13 are investigated. Such treatments are performed at 930 • C for various processing times. Formed layers that are characterized by their basic properties (i.e. thickness, depth, formed phases, hardness distributions, carbon/carbides distributions and redistribution of alloys in the carburized layers) show a close dependence of both time-temperature process and chemical composition of material. Test results indicate that retained austenite amount act to improve significantly the wear resistance of components despite their relatively lower hardness. In addition, it is addressed that performance and productivity of the as-new material could be extensively enhanced when the above treatment is used. Metallurgical evaluations are carried out using metallographic techniques, optical, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive X-Ray spectrometer and X-ray diffraction techniques. Mechanical properties are achieved mainly by standard hardness and wear tests.
International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS), 2017
Cutting tool life depends on the degree of resistance to wear on the cutting edge. Temperature rise due to heat generated in work piece and cutting tool interface was found to be responsible for tool wear. Dry cutting is necessary to prevent corrosive effect of coolants. On this basis, Rockwell class 'A' (HRA) hardness test was employed in testing the hardness of four selected single point cutting tools at varying temperature. The tools are High Speed Steel (HSS) tools (M4 and M1), and High Carbon Steel (HCS) tools (Q275 and A36) according to Society of American Engineers (SAE) steel grades. The temperature variation was achieved by heating the samples in a digital electric furnace at varying temperature from 150 o C to 750 o C as specified by the SAE standard, in step of 50 o C. The hardness number was read directly through a digital display unit of the Identec hardness tester, while determining the hardness of the cutting edge (tip) of the tool. The results obtained were analyzed using statistical regression model. From the experimental results, the high speed steel tools showed better hardness at higher temperatures than High carbon steel tools. The range of temperature that supported dry cutting was predicted.
2012
Gaseous carburizing effects on improvement of performance of a new grade hot working tool steel close to as either chromium AISI H11/H13 are investigated. Such treatments are performed at 930 • C for various processing times. Formed layers that are characterized by their basic properties (i.e. thickness, depth, formed phases, hardness distributions, carbon/carbides distributions and redistribution of alloys in the carburized layers) show a close dependence of both time-temperature process and chemical composition of material. Test results indicate that retained austenite amount act to improve significantly the wear resistance of components despite their relatively lower hardness. In addition, it is addressed that performance and productivity of the as-new material could be extensively enhanced when the above treatment is used. Metallurgical evaluations are carried out using metallographic techniques, optical, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive X-Ray spectrometer and X-ray diffraction techniques. Mechanical properties are achieved mainly by standard hardness and wear tests.
Experimental Study and Examination of Coated, Uncoated, and Cryogenically Treated HSS Cutting Tools
BP INTERNATIONAL, 2023
High-speed steel (HSS) tools are the most commonly used tools in small and medium-scale industry. This study report presents findings from an experimental evaluation of tungsten carbide-coated, shallowly cryogenically treated, thoroughly cryogenically treated, and untreated HSS tools. High-speed steel is utilized because it is more affordable than other cutting tools while yet providing good reliability and quality. To ensure the tool's dependability, it is crucial to further enhance its capabilities. The best course of action is to make something harder. Various heat treatment and cold treatment procedures are employed to increase high hardness and good wear resistance. Cryogenic treatment is one such widely utilized and efficient treatment method. For high-speed steel, it gives significantly greater wear resistance and hardness. To determine the hardness and corrosion resistance, experiments were run. To determine the specimen's microstructure, microstructure analysis is carried out. The machining time was calculated once turning was completed. Calculations were made for tool life, MRR, and wear volume. Tools that have been tungsten carbide coated, subjected to shallow cryogenic treatment, deep cryogenic treatment, and left untreated are compared.
Examination of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Wear of Tool Steels
Acta Materialia Transylvanica
The microstructure of the investigated X153CrMoV12 grade tool steel in delivered condition consisted of spheroidal matrix and primary carbides. The primary carbides were not dissolved under austenitisation time on either 1030°C or 1070°C. The microstructure and abrasion resistance of the steel changed due to quenching from different austenitisation temperatures. After conventional quenching from the higher austenitising temperature, there is more residual austenite in the steel than at quenching from the lower austenitisation temperature, which decreased the wear resistance. As a result of quenching from 1070°C followed by a multiple tempering process around 500 to 540°C, the retained austenite content is reduced and finely dispersed carbides are precipitated in the matrix, resulting in a higher matrix hardness and an increased wear resistance. After cryogenic treatment, the residual austenite content decreases compared to the conventional process, which leads to an increase in hard...
A Review on Effect of Carburizing on Hardness of Low Carbon Steel
2021
Steel is the most versatile material in engineering. The processes of heat treatment affects the mechanical and structural properties of steel either by allotropic modification or by changing relative solubility of elements in the base metal. A suitable method of heat treatment is adopted depending upon the properties and the applications required for any design purpose. It is evident that the mechanical and structural properties of steel can be altered by heat treatment processes and the type of treatment depends on the composition of the steel. Low carbon steel is soft and hardly any martensite is formed on quenching due to less carbon content. Thus to improve the surface hardness of low carbon steel, carburizing is done by different methods. The carburizing treatment develops a hard and wear resistant case on steel surface with a tough core. Many researchers worked on different approaches of carburization to analyze the effect on mechanical properties of steel. This review paper ...