Inclusions in Minerals in Howardite Clasts: Indicators of Processed and Unprocessed Clasts in Unmodified Regolith Breccias (original) (raw)
This paper provides a brief overview of current knowledge concerning lithic raw material resources in the Kermanshah plain and their role in Mousterian land use pattern within the study area. For this purpose, the lithic assemblage from Mousterian site of Do-Ashkaft has been analyzed. The author briefly discusses differences in core technology and tool production based on local and non-local types of raw material, and argues that the better quality non-local cherts were used for production of blanks used in formal tools, while local radiolarit was reduced by a more expedient core technology and very rarely retouched into formal tools.
Anthropologie, 2002
L'analyse de l'industrie non étudiée de la grotte Vindija (Croatie), provenant des niveaux du Paléolithique moyen, nécessite une révision des travaux précédents, notamment ceux sur les matières premières ). Au terme de cette révision, plusieurs points sont soulignés. Le premier est l'importance du quartz au Paléolithique moyen, sous estimé au profit du silex. Il est aussi intéressant de noter que les deux ruptures majeures dans l'utilisation des matières premières se situent au début du Paléolithique supérieur et à l'Épigravettien. Pour le silex, en particulier un changement clair intervient au Paléolithique supérieur. Des nodules crayeux de silex se substituent en grande partie aux galets de rivière traditionnellement utilisés au Paléolithique moyen. Ces nouvelles sources d'approvisionnement ne sont malheureusement pas localisées pour l'instant. © 2002 É ditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. Tous droits réservés.
2012
Les nodules de sulfure de fer de la Grotte de Chaleux portent une encoche indiquant leur usage comme briquet. Leur minéralogie a été comparée avec d'autres nodules fi broradiés notamment ceux provenant du Cap Blanc Nez. La pyrite et non la marcassite a été identifi ée par diff raction des rayons X. Le coeur de pyrite fi broradiée est entouré par une couronne de goethite probablement formée dans le contexte géologique. L'encoche anthropique est aussi tapissée de goethite attestant d'une oxydation de la pyrite dans le gisement archéologique. Non protégés des nouvelles conditions physico-chimiques prévalant dans les conservatoires, certains rognons se désagrègent à la suite de la cristallisation de sulfates de fer complexes déterminés par diff raction des rayons X, microscopie électronique à balayage et spectroscopie EDS. Les réactions chimiques qui prévalent s'auto-entretiennent entraînant la ruine du matériel. Les paragenèses changent dans le temps en fonction des variations des paramètres physico-chimiques. La préservation des artéfacts et des échantillons de pyrite ou de marcassite requiert d'empêcher le contact entre la phase sulfurée et l'air humide. Diff érentes méthodes existent mais aucune d'entre-elles n'est totalement fi able.
Provenance d’artefacts en rhyolite corse : évaluation des méthodes d’analyse géochimique
Comptes Rendus Palevol, 2018
Through the analysis of flint and obsidian artefacts, numerous studies have shown the links that existed between Corsica and Sardinia during Neolithic and Chalcolithic. However, we have almost no information about the movements and exchanges that took place in Corsica itself. Rhyolite, a siliceous volcanic rock, has been exploited in Corsica and disseminated throughout the territory from the early Neolithic. Up to now, only one major study has been conducted in the North of the island, in order to identify, by petrographic analysis, the raw material deposits of these rhyolite artefacts. Petrography is a destructive method; it is thus difficult to apply it to large series of archaeological objects. Our aim was therefore to investigate less invasive analytical methods, based on the geochemistry of rocks, in order to conduct future studies based on these rhyolite remains. We analysed 34 geological samples from four different sources, as well as 31 archaeological samples unearthed at three different archaeological areas. We show that EDXRF is an effective method to discriminate sources but also to characterise artefacts using nondestructive protocol. LA-ICP-MS encounters issues due to heterogeneity of the studied rocks. However, we show that by adjusting our testing protocol this method can complement the EDXRF analysis, which is ineffective on objects that are too thin.
1991
Steatite is a soft, variously coloured and sometimes translucid mineral. It is found in mountainous areas, within metamorphic outcrops, and occasionally as river pebbles. Talcum powder is made by scratching and grinding it. During the Upper Palaeolithic, it was used to make pendants and figurines. Talcum powder was possibly used for tanning hides, but this cannot be definitely proved. Steatite items were found in the Balzi Rossi sites, at the frontier between Italy and France, but most of them were excavated long ago. We discuss the place of origin and stratigraphic position of each of them, and draw comparisons with similar artifacts found in other Italian and French sites. Working techniques, and specially perforating techniques, became more and more complex through time. During the Gravettian-Early Epigravettian, small steatite pebbles were looked for to carve human figurines. This raw material was possibly more easily found at the end of the Upper Palaeolithic, after mountain deglacierisation, when people were able to explore new countries freely.
Archéométrie 2011. XVIIIe Colloque d’Archéométrie du GMPCA, 11-15 Avril 2011, Liège, Belgique. Programme et Résumés, Liège, Université de Liège / Facultés Notre Dame de la Paix, Namur / Groupe des Méthodes Pluridisciplinaires Contribuant à l'Archéologie : 356.
Paléo, 2015
Nouvelles données pour la fin du Tardiglaciaire en Quercy Mathieu LANGLAIS (a,d) , Véronique LAROULANDIE (a) , Jérémie JACQUIER (b) , Sandrine COSTAMAGNO (c) , Pierre CHALARD (c) , Jean-Baptiste MALLYE (a) , Jean-Marc PÉTILLON (c) , Solange RIGAUD (e) , Aurélien ROYER (a) , Luca SITZIA (a) , David COCHARD (a) , Laure DAYET (a) , Célia FAT CHEUNG (c) , Olivier LE GALL (†) , Alain QUEFFELEC (a) , François LACRAMPE-CUYAUBÈRE (f)
Goutas Nejma, 2013
Les grottes d’Arcy-sur-Cure ont livré l’une des rares séries d’industrie osseuse gravettienne du Bassin parisien et, surtout, l’une des plus septentrionales connues à ce jour pour la France. La présente étude a pour objectif de caractériser les industries osseuses des grottes du Renne et du Trilobite, et d’en vérifier la cohérence typologique et technologique. Cela nous conduira à discuter l’attribution chronoculturelle de ces séries et leurs éventuels liens de parenté ou différences. Nous nous interrogerons aussi sur l’identité des groupes gravettiens venus séjourner dans ces deux cavités et sur la nature des activités qui s’y sont déroulées. Ces séries nous permettront, en outre, de proposer un certain nombre de réflexions sur la pertinence des sériations chronologiques du Gravettien, telles qu’elles sont aujourd’hui définies sur la base des industries lithiques. Nous nous interrogerons en particulier sur les rapports, au sein du Gravettien moyen, entre la phase à burins de Noailles, à laquelle sont associées de nombreuses collections d’industrie osseuse (sud-ouest de la France), et la phase à burins du Raysse, encore très peu représentée de ce point de vue.
Correlation between indicators of very-low grade metamorphism and deformation in a mega-structure of the Ligurian Apennines (Northern Italy) has been examined. Illite "crystallinity", polytypism and bo as well as chlorite “crystallinity" have been taken into account. Illite "crystallinity" values (Kübler index) ranging from 0.30° to 0.58° indicate diagenesis- anchizone boundary conditions. The value of this parameter averaged over samples from normal limb of the fold results significantly higher than the corresponding value for samples from inverted, more deformed limb of the structure. By contrast, no systematic variation of illite "crystallinity" within the limbs from the root to the hinge zone has been recorded. Also, no correlation between illite "crystallinity" and sample position in meso-folds has been observed. This would point to a close correlation between illite "crystallinity" and deformation on a large scale, at leas...
Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science, 1997
Le massif ultramafique mantellique des Beni Bousera (Maroc) comporte 2 son toit des pkridotites 2 grenat secondaire. associCes 1 des peridotites 2 spinelle. Les premikes sent plus riches en fer et moins riches en chrome que les secondes. Ainsi, la cristallisation secondaire du grenat ne refltite pas une augmentation de la pression (subduction), mais 5 la fois une bake de temperature et une dispersion mkanique de pyroxenites 2 grenat riches en fer et pauvres en chrome, clans des pkidotites 2 spinelle. Un tel mkanisme d'autocontamination tectonique rend compte d'une partie de la diversite isotopique des pkridotites du manteau.
Sedimentology, 2001
Detailed information on semi-arid, palustrine carbonate±calcrete lithofacies associations in a sheetwash-dominated regolith setting is sparse. This is addressed by studying the Lower Limestone of the Lameta Beds, a wellexposed Maastrichtian regolith in central India. The general vertical lithofacies assemblage for this unit comprises: (a) basal calcareous siltstones and marls with charophytes, ostracods and gastropods; (b) buff micritic limestones associated in their upper parts with calcretized ®ssure-®ll sandstones; (c) sheetwash as ®ssure-®ll diamictites and thin pebbly sheets, locally developed over a few metres; and (d) sandy, nodular, brecciated and pisolitic calcretes at the top. The sequence is`regressive', with upsection ®lling of topographic lows by increased sheetwash. Lateral lithofacies change is marked, but there are no permanent open-water lake deposits. In topographic lows close to the water table, marshy palustrine or groundwater calcretes formed, whereas on better drained highs, brecciation and calcretization occurred. Prolonged exposure is implied, suggesting that shrinkage was the main cause of brecciation. Evidence for rhizobrecciation and other biological calcrete fabrics is sparse, contrasting with the emphasis on root-related brecciation in many studies of palustrine lithofacies. Stable isotope (d 18 O and d 13 C) values are consistent with the palustrine limestones being fed from meteoric-derived groundwater with a strong input of soil-zone carbon. There is overlap of both d 18 O and d 13 C values from the various palustrine and calcrete fabrics co-occurring at outcrop. This suggests that, in groundwater-supported wetlands, conversion from palustrine carbonate to calcrete need not show isotopic expression, as the groundwater source and input of soil-zone carbon are essentially unchanged. Cretaceous± Tertiary d 18 O and d 13 C values from palustrine lithofacies and associated calcretes appear to be strongly in¯uenced by the inherited values from lakes and wetlands. Hydrologically closed lakes and marine-in¯uenced water bodies tend to result in low negative palustrine d 18 O and d 13 C values. During brecciation and calcretization, the degree of isotopic inheritance depends on whether or not alteration occurs in waters that are different from those of the original water body or wetland. Marked biological activity (e.g. rhizobrecciation or root mat development) during calcretization may lower d 13 C values where C 3 plants are abundant but, in shrinkage-dominated systems, d 13 C values will be largely inherited from the palustrine limestones.