Zeolite synthesis from oil palm ash using hydrothermal treatment (original) (raw)
Related papers
Synthesis of Zeolites from Treated Oil Palm Ash
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015
In this study, the ability of treated oil palm ash aided with kaolin powder to produce zeolites is studied. The use of treated oil palm ash in the zeolites conversion seems to be an option for waste materials management. Characterization of treated oil palm ash from Malaysia’s palm oil plantation has been acquitted. The treated oil palm ash and kaolin powder are used as the starting material for the synthesis of zeolites materials. The method chose for the zeolites conversion is alkaline hydrothermal treatment. The chemical composition, crystalline phases and elemental composition of treated oil palm ash and as-synthesized samples were characterized and studied. From the analysis, the treated oil palm ash was a fertile source of silica and exists as quartz phase. The outcomes have significant motivation for the production of zeolites by using low cost material such as treated oil palm ash.
Preliminary studies on hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite from Malaysian kaolinite clays
Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences
The use of kaolin as a source of silica and alumina for synthesis of zeolite has been widely reported with various compositions and processing routes. However, since kaolin is highly influenced by geological origin and geographical formation, coupled with the processing method, two different crude kaolin were obtained at various locations in Peninsular Malaysia to serve as precursor for synthesis of zeolite. Hydrothermal treatments were made at reasonable low temperature of 90°C in an oven. The synthesized product was then analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, to evaluate the potentials of the process and the product. The outcome of the analysis suggested that the breaking down of the clay structure and the armophization process can improve raw material reactivity. However, the crystallinity and composition of the crude kaolin together with appropriate incubation time can greatly influence the synthesis process and the product.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite A from Corn (Zea Mays) Stover Ash
Materials
This study deals with the impact of calcination, alkalinity, and curing time parameters on the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite A. The zeolite A sample, produced from corncob-stalk-and-leaves (corn stover) ash was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that calcination, alkalinity, and curing time have significant effects on the crystallization and the morphology of zeolite A. In addition, these parameters also impacted the cation exchange capacity. Furthermore, the synthesized zeolite A was obtained using a calcination temperature of 500 °C within two hours of airflow, which is much lower than the temperatures previously reported in the literature for an agricultural waste and other waste materials. A fusion ratio of corn stover ash:NaOH of 1.0:1.5 and a curing time of nine hours were achieved. This is a major result as this curing ti...
Transformation of Indonesian Natural Zeolite into Analcime Phase under Hydrothermal Condition
IOP conference series, 2018
Natural zeolite is abundantly available in Indonesia and well distributed especially in the volcano area like Java, Sumatera, and Sulawesi. So far, natural zeolite from Klaten, Central Java is one of the most interesting zeolites has been widely studied. This research aims to know the effect of seed-assisted synthesis under a hydrothermal condition at 120 °C for 24 hours of Klaten's zeolite toward the structural change and phase transformation of the original structure. According to XRD and XRF analysis, seed-assisted synthesis through the addition of aluminosilicate mother solution has transformed Klaten's zeolite which contains (mordenite and clinoptilolite) into analcime type with decreasing Si/Al ratio from 4.51 into 1.38. Morphological analysis using SEM showed the shape changes from irregular into spherical looks like takraw ball in the range of 0.3 to 0.7 micrometer. Based on FTIR data, structure of TO4 site (T = Si or Al) was observed in the range of 300-1300 cm-1 and the occupancy of Brønsted acid site as OH stretching band from silanol groups was detected at 3440-3650 cm-1. Nitrogen adsorptiondesorption analysis confirmed that transformation Klaten's zeolite into analcime type has decreased the surface area from 55.41 to 22.89 m 2 /g and showed inhomogeneous pore distribution which can be classified as micro-mesoporous aluminosilicate materials.
Crystals
The traditional hydrothermal synthesis methods are mainly performed under batch operation, which generally takes few days to weeks to yield a zeolite with the desired properties and structure. The zeolites are the backbone of the petrochemical and wastewater industries due to their importance. The commercial methods for zeolite synthesis are expensive, laborious and energy intensive. Among waste products, incense sticks ash is a compound of aluminosilicates and could act as a potential candidate for the synthesis of zeolites for daily needs in these industries. Incense sticks ash is the byproduct of religious places and houses and is rich in Ca, Mg, Al and Si. As a result, incense sticks ash can be proven to be a potential candidate for the formation of calcium-rich zeolites. The formation of zeolites from incense sticks ash is an economical, reliable and eco-friendly method. The application of incense sticks ash for zeolite synthesis can also minimize the problem related to its dis...
Synthesis of Zeolite-A Using Silica from Rice Husk Ash
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN, 2009
We describe the synthesis of zeolite-A using rice husk ash (RHA) as starting material. Synthesis comprised alkali activation at low temperature (<100 • C) using NaOH as reagent. We investigated the effect of experimental conditions on zeolite synthesis from RHA. The process was studied as a function of NaAlO 2 addition, NaOH concentration, temperature, and reaction time. A stirred batch reactor was used under the following reaction conditions: SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 molar ratio, 1.7-2.8; NaOH concentration, 2-6 M; temperature, 50-80 • C; reaction time, 0-48 h. The obtained solids were identified by X-ray diffraction and characterized by scanning electron microscopy; specific surface areas and cation exchange capacity values were also determined. Concentrations of Si and Al in the solution were analyzed to monitor the reaction process. Single zeolite-A can be synthesized from RHA under all our experimental conditions. We proposed the formation mechanism of zeolite-A from RHA. The silicate ion dissolves in NaOH solution from RHA and reacts with aluminate in the solution to form aluminosilicate, from which zeolite-A crystals are generated. The high crystallinity was obtained rapidly when SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio, NaOH concentration and temperate were high in this experimental conditions.
Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences, 2014
The synthesis of zeolite materials by hydrothermal transformation of natural Jordanian kaolin in NaOH solutions of various concentrations was investigated at 100°C for 20 h. A mixture of zeolite A, quartz and hydroxysodalite (HS) was obtained. Zeolite A was the main product with the NaOH concentrations of 1.50-3.50 M, which was confirmed by XRD, IR and SEM. Zeolite A can be obtained from natural kaolin under the conditions applied showing that metakaolinization can be observed at 650°C which is much lower than the temperatures given in the previous works, 700-950°C. The products obtained from the experiments were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
2020
The synthesis of zeolite materials by hydrothermal transformation of kaolin using a conventional hydrothermal method was investigated. Different analytical techniques were used to characterize the starting kaolin and produced zeolite A samples, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The synthetic zeolite type A was obtained after activation of kaolin and metakaolin followed by different thermal and chemical treatments. The metakaolinization phase was achieved by calcining the kaolin in air at 600°C for 3 hours, a much lower temperature than previously reported in the literature. Metakaolin was treated with 3 M sodium hydroxide solution at a ratio of 1:5 and, using stainless steel autoclaves with teflon liners, heated the mixture to 200°C in a microwave for 24 hours. The results from this synthesis route...
2009
This research aimed to study the effects of initial hydrothermal temperatures of 100 C, 120 C, 150 C and 180 C on the synthesis of zeolites. Prior to each initial hydrothermal treatment for 3.5 hours, an approximately 18 grams fly ash were stirred for 24 hours in 150 mL 3M KOH solution, followed by crystallization at 100 C for 6, 24, 48 and 96 hours. Products were characterized by XRD and SEM and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) was measured. By varying the initial hydrothermal temperature conditions, different types of zeolite were produced, e.g. zeolite K-G (K-chabazite), zeolite K-F and zeolite K-phillipsite with different distribution as a result of different initial step temperature. Lower initial step temperature produce zeolite at lower rate and favours the formation of K-chabazite. On the other hand, higher initial step temperatures produce zeolite at faster rate and favour the formation of K-philipsite.
Characterization of Zeolite A from Coal Fly Ash Via Fusion-Hydrothermal Synthesis Method
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Zeolite A has been successfully synthesized from coal fly ash by using fusion followed by hydrothermal method. This paper describes the characterization of zeolite A. The effects of hydrothermal time, Si/Al molar ratio, and alkalinity in the converting coal fly ash to zeolite A were also investigated. The coal fly ash was obtained from a local power plant at East Java, Indonesia and contained major oxides such as SiO2 (18.60 wt%), Al2O3 (7.18 wt%), Fe2O3 (40.20 wt%), CaO (25.20 wt%). The fusion hydrothermal method consists of the following steps: pre-treatment, fusion of coal fly ash with sodium hydroxide, aging, and hydrothermal process. The synthesized material was characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and specific surface area analytical method. The results show that the products contain zeolite A as the major phase, while the highest specific surface area of zeolite A is 37.121 m2/g. It implies that...