Nanosilver-marine fungal chitosan as antibiotic synergizers against sepsis fish bacteria (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Microbiology, 2017
Development of nanostructured films using natural polymers and metals has become a considerable interest in various biomedical applications. Objective of the present study was to develop silver nano particles (AgNPs) embedded chitosan films with antimicrobial properties. Based on the Ag content, two types of chitosan silver nano films, named as CAgNfs-12 (12 mM) and CAgNfs-52 (52 mM) were prepared and characterized. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images of two CAgNfs showed the circular AgNPs, which were uniformly embedded and distributed in the matrix of chitosan films. Antimicrobial experiment results clearly indicated that CAgNfs can inhibit the growth of fish pathogenic bacteria Vibrio (Allivibrio) salmonicida, V. tapetis, Edwardsiella tarda and fungi Fusarium oxysporum. Moreover, CAgNfs significantly reduced the experimentally exposed V. salmonicida levels in artificial seawater, suggesting that these CAgNfs could be used to develop antimicrobial filters/m...
Journal of Veterinary Clinics, 2014
Recently nano particles have proven for wide array of bioactive properties. In the present study, antibacterial properties of chitosan silver nano composites (CAgNCs) were investigated against fish pathogenic Edwardsiella tarda. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of CAgNCs against E. tarda were 25 µg/mL and 125 µg/mL, respectively. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) image of CAgNCs treated E. tarda showed the strongly damaged bacteria cells than non-treated bacteria. Furthermore, treatment of CAgNCs induced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in E. tarda cells in concentration and time dependent manner suggesting that it may generate oxidative stress leading to bacterial cell death. In addition, MTT assay results showed that the lowest cell viability at 100 µg/mL of CAgNCs treated E. tarda. Overall results of this study suggest that CAgNCs is a potential antibacterial agent to control pathogenic bacteria.
Marine Drugs, 2021
Fish pathogens causing disease outbreaks represent a major threat to aquaculture industry and food security. The aim of the presented study is to develop safe and effective bioactive agents against two bacterial isolates: Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. We employed a broth microdilution method to investigate the antibacterial effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs); rutin, a natural flavonoid extracted from Ruta graveneoles; and heliomycin, a secondary metabolite produced by marine actinomycetes AB5, as monotherapeutic agents. Moreover, AgNPs in combination with rutin (AgNP + R) and heliomycin (AgNPs + H) were examined for their synergistic effect. The cytotoxic effect of individual bioactive compounds and in combination with AgNPs was investigated on epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) fish cell lines. Individual treatment of AgNPs, rutin, and heliomycin exhibited a dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens. Rutin...
Synthesis of Antimicrobial Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Reusable Chitosan Fungal Beads
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), have gained significant attention in recent years as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics for treating infectious diseases due to their ability to inhibit the growth of microorganisms effectively. Ag NPs can be synthesized using fungi extract, but the method is not practical for large-scale production due to time and biomass limitations. In this study, we explore the use of chitosan to encapsulate the mycelia of the white-rot fungus Stereum hirsutum and form chitosan fungal beads for use in multiple extractions and nanoparticle synthesis. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including UV-vis spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The analysis revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were composed of chitosan-silver nanoparticles (CS-Ag NPs) with a size of 25 nm. The chitosan fungal beads were reused in th...
Antibiotics
Nanotechnology is emerging as a new technology with encouraging innovations. Global antibiotic use has grown enormously, with antibiotic resistance increasing by about 80 percent. In view of this alarming situation, intensive research has been carried out into biogenic nanoparticles and their antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor activities. Many methods are available to enhance stability and dispersion via peroration of conjugate with a polymer, such as chitosan, and other bioactive natural products. Two marine fungi were isolated and identified as Aspergillus sp. and Alternaria sp. via sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In this work, these strains were used to form the conjugation of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Aspergillus sp. Silv2 extract and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from Alternaria sp. Gol2 extracts with chitosan to prepare chitosan–AgNPs and chitosan–AuNP conjugates. A variety of imaging and analytical methods, such as UV–vis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), ...
Due to their antibacterial activity and biocompatibility, chitosan and chitosan derivatives have ability of participating in biological applications. The prepared Cs g-PAN/Ag nanocomposites are reported as antibacterial agents that exhibit efficient antibacterial activity in vitro. The prepared chitosan-g- PAN/Ag nanocomposite was provided by FTIR and gravimetric methods. UV spectra and TEM images show silver nanoparticles with average 15 20 nm dispersed homogeneously in (CS-g-PAN/Ag) nanocomposite. The antimicrobial activity examined against gram negative bacterium (E. coli) and gram positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) in addition to yeast (Candida albicans) and fungi (Aspergillusniger) is evaluated in vitro. The MIC for E. coli for in vivo application was also examined. In vivo antibacterial activity against E. coli has been evaluated by using an intestine-infected rat model. Experimental results indicated that the number of bacteria surviving in the small intestine is lower than in the untreated group. These nanocomposite open up a new avenue for design and synthesis of next-generation antibacterial agents as alternatives to antibiotics.
Antifungal Activities of Chitosan and Nanoparticle Derivatives under Various pH Conditions
The reuse of treated wastewater effluent is receiving considerable attention for possible applications in agriculture and as supplement for drinking water shortages, however acceptable quality must be maintained to ensure that no negative environmental and health effects will transpire. The need to avoid synthetic chemicals is paramount and has led to the development of natural antimicrobial compounds for the removal of harmful microorganisms found in wastewater. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of chitosan of various molecular weights as possible antifungal agent against fungi likely to occur in wastewater sources, namely Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Penicillium chrysogenum. The study will also include the antifungal evaluation of silver nanoparticles that have been immobilized on chitosan films. Chitosan of various concentrations has indicated strong inhibitory activity against A. fumigatus, A. ochraceus, and P. chrysogenum (MICHMW = 37.5-75 µg/mL, MICMMW = 75-150 µg/mL, MICLMW = 37.5-150 µg/mL). The combination of chitosan with silver nanoparticles has exhibited the strongest antifungal effects with MICs reduced to a range of 18.75-37.5 µg/mL against the Aspergillus species while pristine silver nanoparticles having higher overall MIC values between 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL with maximum inhibitory zones of 12.79±1.52 mm for A. fumigatus, 14.25±0.98 mm for A. ochraceus, and 14.71±0.51 mm for P. chrysogenum. Lower pH values also influenced the complex efficacy with significant increase of inhibition at pH 5.
Comparative Antimicrobial Analysis of Chitosan Nanoparticles With Gentamicin And Chloramphenicol
2019
Chitosan has attained increasing commercial interest as suitable resource materials due to their excellent properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, adsorption and ability to form films and to chelate metal ions. Antibiotics resistance has become rampant and nanoparticles are increasingly used to target microorganisms as an alternative to antibiotics. The research was conducted to produce and synthesize nanoparticles using the extract of chitosan and test the antimicrobial activity against some selected bacteria. Chitosan was produced by demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation of oyster shell. The silver nanoparticle was synthesized from Chitosan and screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against selected bacteria using agar well diffusion method. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, FTIR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Chitosan nanoparticles showed some inhibiting properties against the growth of most of the organisms tested (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi). Most of the isolates were inhibited by both extracts. The positive control which was chloramphenicol and gentamycin inhibited the growth of all organisms except Salmonella typhi.
The study is aimed to determine the antimicrobial evaluation of chitosan conjugated silver nanoparticles againist pathogenic bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria samples were collected from SMS hospital and then subjected to identification of bacteria according to their m characterstics and morphology. Chitosan conjugated silver nanoparticles synthesized by adding NaOH and AgNo3 solution to chitosan solution at 45ºc and were characterized by UV, SEM, TEM and FTIR. The antimicrobial activity was determined by kirbuy stokes method. Antibacterial effect of chitosan-silver nanoparticle was increased by increasing the concentration of the (ch-AgNPs). The presence of small concentration of silver nanoparticles in the composite was enough to significantly enhance antibacterial activity.
Egyptian Journal of Botany
during 2016, it was observed that cutaneous fungal infections were more common in patients dealing with indoor closed pipe networks as a water source (recorded in 73 cases), sewage disposal by outdoor conservancy (68 cases), of 2-20 years old (38 cases) and house wives (23 cases). The most common fungal isolates among the studied cutaneous infections were Microsporum canis (21 cases), Malassezia furfur (16 cases), Trichophyton rubrum (11 cases), Candida albicans (9 cases), Epidermophyton floccosum (8 cases) and Candida tropicalis (7 cases); that caused Tinea capitis (29 cases), Tinea unguium (23 cases), Tinea versicolor (16 cases) and Tinea corporis (13 cases). The present study reported an eco-friendly biosynthesis of stable silver nano-particles (AgNPs) by two selected marine algal extracts; which gave a great antifungal activity against the most commonly isolated fungi; that was confirmed by their low MIC values, namely MIC for AgNPs of Corallina mediterranea was 0.25mg/ml against Epidermophyton floccosum, while MIC for AgNPs of C. officinalis was 0.5mg/ml against Candida tropicalis and further elucidated by their destructive effects, as observable thinning of cell wall (as low as 89.1nm in C. tropicalis and 54.9nm in E. floccosum), agglutination of cellular proteins, rupture of cell membrane and leakage of intracellular components, revealed through TEM examinations.